PATs Behavior in Pressurized Irrigation Hydrants towards Sustainability
1
Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
2
IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
3
Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources Department, CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Stefano Alvisi
Water 2021, 13(10), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101359
Received: 6 April 2021
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Revised: 7 May 2021
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Accepted: 10 May 2021
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Published: 13 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Recovery and Hybrid Solutions in the Water Sector)
Sustainability and efficiency in irrigation are essential in the management of the water–energy–food nexus to reach the Sustainable Development Goals in 2030. In irrigation systems, the reduction of energy consumption is required to improve the system efficiency and consequently the sustainability indicators of the water network. The use of pumps working as turbines (PATs) has been a feasible solution to recover the excess of energy where pressure reduction valves are installed. This research demonstrates the use of PATs under steady and unsteady conditions by analyzing the application in a real irrigation networks located in Vallada (Valencia, Spain). The study shows the possibility of recovering 44 MWh/year using PATs installed upstream of the irrigation hydrants. The real behavior of the PAT operation in a stand-alone recovery energy solution allowed analysis of the flow, head and efficiency variation as a function of the rotational speed, as well as the minimum capacitance to self-excite the generator and the resistive load of the electrical circuit. The PAT limit is examined in terms of the overpressure induced by a fast closure manoeuvre of hydrants, and the runaway conditions due to the disconnection from the electrical load.
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Keywords:
PAT operation; pressure irrigation networks; energy recovery; hydrants behaviour; irrigation sustainability and efficiency
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MDPI and ACS Style
Pérez-Sánchez, M.; Fernandes, J.F.P.; Branco, P.J.C.; López-Jiménez, P.A.; Ramos, H.M. PATs Behavior in Pressurized Irrigation Hydrants towards Sustainability. Water 2021, 13, 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101359
AMA Style
Pérez-Sánchez M, Fernandes JFP, Branco PJC, López-Jiménez PA, Ramos HM. PATs Behavior in Pressurized Irrigation Hydrants towards Sustainability. Water. 2021; 13(10):1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101359
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez-Sánchez, Modesto, João F. P. Fernandes, P. J. Costa Branco, P. Amparo López-Jiménez, and Helena M. Ramos. 2021. "PATs Behavior in Pressurized Irrigation Hydrants towards Sustainability" Water 13, no. 10: 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101359
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