Evaluating the Measurement Uncertainty of On-Road NOx Using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) Based on Real Testing Data in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Uncertainty Framework
2.2. Scopes of Uncertainty Evaluation
2.3. Data Source for Evaluation
2.4. PEMS Instruments
2.5. Test Vehicles
2.6. Testing Conditions
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Zero Drift
3.2. Span Drift
4. Conclusions and Future Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CLS | Chemiluminescence |
CPC | Condensed Particle Counter |
CVS | Constant Volume Sampler |
DC | Diffusion Charger |
DPF | Diesel Particulate Filter |
EFM | Exhaust Flow Meter |
GDI | Direct Injection |
ICE | Internal Combustion Engine |
MAW | Moving Average Window |
NDUV | Non-Dispersive Ultraviolet |
PEMS | Portable Emission Measurement System |
PFI | Port Fuel Injection |
PM | Particulate Matter |
PN | Particulate Number |
RDE | Real Driving Emissions |
SEE | Standard Error of Estimate |
WLTC | Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle |
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Category | Vehicle Information |
---|---|
Vehicle manufacturer | Domestic, overseas |
Propulsion system | ICE, hybrid |
Injection system | PFI, GDI |
Fuel | Gasoline, diesel |
Emission stage | China-6 |
Vehicle type | Passenger car, SUV, light-duty truck |
Displacement | 1.0–3.0 L |
Intake system | Naturally aspirated, turbocharged |
Transmission | MT, AT, DCT, CVT |
Drive mode | Front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, four-wheel drive |
City | Test Date | Altitude (m) | Ambient Temperature (°C) | Ambient Humidity (%) | Ambient Pressure (kPa) | Cumulative Positive Elevation Gain (m/100 km) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kunshan | Aug. 2017 | 6.4 | 25.7 | 31.8 | 102.0 | 161.2 |
Oct. 2018 | 7.2 | 22.6 | 59.1 | 101.8 | 173.8 | |
Xiamen | Oct. 2018 | 14.0 | 27.4 | 47.8 | 102.3 | 375.6 |
Jun. 2021 | 23.6 | 31.8 | 57.5 | 100.9 | 400.1 | |
Mar. 2019 | 16.1 | 29.5 | 59.3 | 101.0 | 345.3 | |
Aug. 2021 | 22.9 | 27.2 | 48.1 | 99.9 | 418.1 | |
Sept. 2021 | 19.6 | 23.0 | 52.0 | 100.8 | 417.5 | |
Oct. 2021 | 22.6 | 25.7 | 42.0 | 101.6 | 390.9 | |
Beijing | Aug. 2017 | 27.9 | 34.0 | 52.2 | 100.5 | 260.4 |
Nov. 2018 | 27.6 | 18.9 | 30.7 | 102.6 | 253.0 | |
May 2020 | 32.5 | 28.5 | 34.8 | 100.2 | 226.6 | |
Qionghai | Oct. 2018 | 32.5 | 33.1 | 54.5 | 101.1 | 347.6 |
Xiangyang | Sept. 2018 | 88.9 | 36.2 | 27.8 | 100.2 | 370.1 |
Chongqing | Oct. 2017 | 285.8 | 16.9 | 99.4 | 98.7 | 436.3 |
Sept. 2018 | 409.8 | 22.9 | 69.9 | 97.2 | 944.6 | |
May 2020 | 387.0 | 22.2 | 72.1 | 97.3 | 856.3 | |
Yinchuan | Sept. 2017 | 1112.8 | 20.6 | 50.8 | 89.2 | 215.8 |
Lanzhou | Sept. 2017 | 1592.2 | 17.7 | 74.2 | 84.6 | 476.3 |
Kunming | Oct. 2017 | 1896.1 | 18.7 | 72.9 | 81.8 | 406.0 |
Sept. 2018 | 1956.7 | 21.9 | 61.1 | 80.4 | 680.6 | |
Jun. 2020 | 2039.6 | 23.6 | 56.1 | 79.3 | 788.1 | |
Xining | Sept. 2017 | 2257.9 | 18.4 | 46.9 | 77.9 | 358.0 |
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Su, S.; Hou, P.; Wang, X.; Lyu, L.; Ge, Y.; Lyu, T.; Lai, Y.; Luo, W.; Wang, Y. Evaluating the Measurement Uncertainty of On-Road NOx Using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) Based on Real Testing Data in China. Atmosphere 2023, 14, 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040702
Su S, Hou P, Wang X, Lyu L, Ge Y, Lyu T, Lai Y, Luo W, Wang Y. Evaluating the Measurement Uncertainty of On-Road NOx Using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) Based on Real Testing Data in China. Atmosphere. 2023; 14(4):702. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040702
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Sheng, Pan Hou, Xin Wang, Liqun Lyu, Yang Ge, Tao Lyu, Yitu Lai, Wanyou Luo, and Yachao Wang. 2023. "Evaluating the Measurement Uncertainty of On-Road NOx Using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) Based on Real Testing Data in China" Atmosphere 14, no. 4: 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040702
APA StyleSu, S., Hou, P., Wang, X., Lyu, L., Ge, Y., Lyu, T., Lai, Y., Luo, W., & Wang, Y. (2023). Evaluating the Measurement Uncertainty of On-Road NOx Using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) Based on Real Testing Data in China. Atmosphere, 14(4), 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040702