Pressure Reduction Enhancing the Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose in Aqueous Phase Catalysis System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Catalyst Preparation
2.3. Catalyst Characterization
2.4. Conversion of Glucose to HMF
2.5. Product Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Catalyst Characterization
3.2. Conversion of Glucose to HMF by SO−-/B2O3/ZrO2
3.3. Conversion of Glucose to HMF by SO42−/B2O3/ZrO2 with Pressure Reduction
3.3.1. The Possible Mechanism of Pressure Reduction
3.3.2. Conversion of Glucose to HMF with Pressure Reduction
3.4. Reuse Potential of Catalysts
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Temperature (°C) | Time (min) | Volume (mL) |
---|---|---|
150 | 30 | 23 |
60 | 21.5 | |
90 | 25 | |
160 | 30 | 21 |
60 | 17 | |
90 | 22 | |
170 | 30 | 22 |
60 | 22 | |
90 | 22.5 | |
180 | 30 | 21 |
60 | 20 | |
90 | 20 | |
190 | 30 | 20 |
60 | 21.5 | |
90 | 22.5 |
Temperature (°C) | Time (min) | Yield of HMF (%) |
---|---|---|
150 | 30 | 0.062 |
60 | 0.069 | |
90 | 0.075 | |
160 | 30 | 0.100 |
60 | 0.152 | |
90 | 0.150 | |
170 | 30 | 0.140 |
60 | 0.185 | |
90 | 0.243 | |
180 | 30 | 0.239 |
60 | 0.284 | |
90 | 0.336 | |
190 | 30 | 0.405 |
60 | 0.447 | |
90 | 0.389 |
Controls-Yield (%) | Pressure Reduction -Yield (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soluble Products | Insoluble Products | Soluble Products | Insoluble Products | ||||||||
LA | FA | LGA | FF | Fructose | Humins | LA | FA | LGA | FF | Fructose | Humins |
0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 36.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.2 | 46.2 |
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Ke, K.; Ji, H.; Shen, X.; Kong, F.; Li, B. Pressure Reduction Enhancing the Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose in Aqueous Phase Catalysis System. Polymers 2021, 13, 2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132096
Ke K, Ji H, Shen X, Kong F, Li B. Pressure Reduction Enhancing the Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose in Aqueous Phase Catalysis System. Polymers. 2021; 13(13):2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132096
Chicago/Turabian StyleKe, Ke, Hairui Ji, Xiaoning Shen, Fangong Kong, and Bo Li. 2021. "Pressure Reduction Enhancing the Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose in Aqueous Phase Catalysis System" Polymers 13, no. 13: 2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132096