Chemically and Thermally Crosslinked PVA-Based Membranes: Effect on Swelling and Transport Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Membrane Preparation
2.3. Membrane Characterization
2.4. Swelling Measurements
2.5. Water Vapor Permeation Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. FTIR-ATR Analysis
3.2. Thermal Properties
3.3. Mechanical Properties
3.4. Membrane Morphology
3.5. Contact Angle Measurements
3.6. Water, Methanol and Propan-2-ol Uptake
3.7. Water Vapor Permeation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Membrane | Degradation Temperature [°C] | |
---|---|---|
at 5% Weight Loss | at 10% Weight Loss | |
PVA pure | 163 | 243 |
PVA-5 wt.% SSA (120 °C) | 142 | 159 |
PVA-5 wt.% SSA (140 °C) | 143 | 159 |
PVA-5 wt.% SSA (160 °C) | 144 | 158 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA (120 °C) | 137 | 152 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA (140 °C) | 134 | 150 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA (160 °C) | 145 | 159 |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA (120 °C) | 121 | 139 |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA (140 °C) | 125 | 140 |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA (160 °C) | 126 | 143 |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA (120 °C) | 111 | 132 |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA (140 °C) | 120 | 137 |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA (160 °C) | 127 | 142 |
PVA-50 wt.% SSA (120 °C) | 109 | 130 |
PVA-50 wt.% SSA (140 °C) | 120 | 136 |
PVA-50 wt.% SSA (160 °C) | 118 | 134 |
Liquid | γ | γD | γP |
---|---|---|---|
mN·m−1 | mN·m−1 | mN·m−1 | |
Water | 72.8 | 21.8 | 51.0 |
Glycerol | 63.4 | 37.0 | 26.4 |
Diiodomethane | 50.8 | 50.8 | 0.0 |
Membrane | Crosslinking Temperature [°C] | Water Contact Angle [°] | γD [mJ·m−2] | γP [mJ·m−2] | SFE [mJ·m−2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PVA-5 wt.% SSA | 120 | 86 | 33.2 | 1.3 | 34.5 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA | 91 | 34.7 | 0.8 | 35.5 | |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA | 96 | 29.4 | 0.7 | 30.1 | |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA | 92 | 31.0 | 0.8 | 31.8 | |
PVA-5 wt.% SSA | 140 | 75 | 33.1 | 2.8 | 35.9 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA | 84 | 32.6 | 1.5 | 34.1 | |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA | 98 | 31.2 | 0.3 | 31.5 | |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA | 89 | 29.2 | 1.3 | 30.5 | |
PVA-5 wt.% SSA | 160 | 80 | 33.6 | 1.8 | 35.4 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA | 89 | 33.5 | 0.9 | 34.3 | |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA | 87 | 29.0 | 2.3 | 31.3 | |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA | 91 | 30.5 | 2.7 | 33.1 |
Membrane | Crosslinking Temperature [°C] | SDM [mol Solvent/g Dry Membrane] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Water | Methanol | Propan-2-ol | ||
PVA-5 wt.% SSA | 120 | 179.3 | 0.9 | 0.01 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA | 402.9 | 4.2 | 0.01 | |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA | 224.6 | 4.1 | 0.04 | |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA | 166.4 | 3.4 | 0.01 | |
PVA-50 wt.% SSA | 89.4 | - | - | |
PVA-5 wt.% SSA | 140 | 149.1 | 0.9 | 0.03 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA | 362.4 | 1.7 | 0.12 | |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA | 237.6 | 6.0 | 0.01 | |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA | 149.4 | 11.9 | 0.05 | |
PVA-50 wt.% SSA | 122.2 | - | 3.67 | |
PVA-5 wt.% SSA | 160 | 174.0 | 0.4 | 0.05 |
PVA-9 wt.% SSA | 369.6 | 2.0 | 0.04 | |
PVA-23 wt.% SSA | 264.0 | 6.9 | 0.01 | |
PVA-33 wt.% SSA | 75.4 | 11.3 | 0.03 | |
PVA-50 wt.% SSA | - | - | 4.18 |
Membrane | Water Activity [–] | P [Barrer] * | P·10−4 [g·mm·m−2·kPa−1·h−1] | P·10−4 [g·m·m−2·atm−1·d−1] | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PVA-23 wt.% SSA 140 °C | 0.24 | 17 | 4 | 9 | This work |
0.41 | 18 | 4 | 10 | This work | |
0.59 | 2742 | 596 | 1451 | This work | |
0.68 | 9312 | 2022 | 4928 | This work | |
0.76 | 13759 | 2981 | 7264 | This work | |
0.85 | 32762 | 7113 | 17335 | This work | |
0.91 | 63865 | 13819 | 33675 | This work | |
PVA-4-GA | 0.60 | - | 1.5·10−5 | - | [4] |
PVOH*.CD | 0.70 | - | - | 8.75 | [6] |
(PVA.CD)* | 0.70 | - | - | 3.75 | [6] |
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Rynkowska, E.; Fatyeyeva, K.; Marais, S.; Kujawa, J.; Kujawski, W. Chemically and Thermally Crosslinked PVA-Based Membranes: Effect on Swelling and Transport Behavior. Polymers 2019, 11, 1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111799
Rynkowska E, Fatyeyeva K, Marais S, Kujawa J, Kujawski W. Chemically and Thermally Crosslinked PVA-Based Membranes: Effect on Swelling and Transport Behavior. Polymers. 2019; 11(11):1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111799
Chicago/Turabian StyleRynkowska, Edyta, Kateryna Fatyeyeva, Stéphane Marais, Joanna Kujawa, and Wojciech Kujawski. 2019. "Chemically and Thermally Crosslinked PVA-Based Membranes: Effect on Swelling and Transport Behavior" Polymers 11, no. 11: 1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111799