The Performance of Resilient Supply Chain Sustainability in Covid-19 by Sourcing Technological Integration

: The present study describes technological integration as source of the sustainable supply chain resilience. The implementation of sustainable supply chain resilience has recently played a vital role, owing to its substantial factors which inﬂuence the business continuity. The inﬂuence of sustainable supply chain resilience is greatly varying, to embrace companies’ efﬁciency during a crisis such as COVID-19. In the present study, systematic model-based integration of sustainable supply chain resilience is developed, which can beneﬁt the companies’ proﬁle of work normalcy during the pandemic situation by managing the associated risks. Different variable factors are considered, to assess their impact on the sustainable supply chain. These factors are environmental regulatory system, customer response monitoring system, environmental uncertainty, interoperability and operational integration. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed with statistical tools of interpreta-tion. This research is concluded with the assessment that there is a signiﬁcant correlation between technological integration and the resilient supply chain’s sustainability. The business organizations need to understand the current COVID-19 situation, the supply chain issues, and their impact on the other factors. Business organizations need to implement international quality standards through the use of technology. This study highlights the critical components of technological advancement, which can uplift the existing standards. Overall, the study portrays the recent sustainable supply chain resilience-based orientation to cope with the current pandemic situation.


Introduction
The present business situations strongly suggest, and the majority of experts [1] agree, that sustainability in terms of supply chain resilience is not only key for success, but is also mandatory for business survival. The organization strives to maintain competitive resilience, but it is the supply chain that consistently faces the risks and variabilities in the internal and external environment. Thus, a conceptual understanding of the risk and variabilities of other factors, in the context of resilience, leads to sustainability. Multiple factors, such as risk management and product-profile ratio, influence the economic efficacy and temper the business continuity process [1].
The resilience is connected with myriad dimensions of an organization and ripples or cascades of the downstream supply performance, causing an imbalance in the customer profiling [2]. In recent years, the resilient supply chain has pioneered the process for different managerial concepts and theories [3,4]. It has become one of the subjects of interest of the management strategists [4]. Though there is a significant number of reports on resilient supply chain theories, only scant reports of its systemic implementation can be seen. The relationship between resilience and supply chain management has attracted tremendous interest in recent years, which is becoming more diversified [5].
In Table 1, Publications present in publication sample defined in material collection. The adaptive capability of the supply chain to prepare for unexpected events, respond to disruptions, and recover from them by maintaining continuity of operations at the desired level of connectedness and control over structure and function 2009 2 Juttner et al.
The apparent ability of some supply chains to recover from inevitable risk events more effectively than others, based on the underlying assumption that not all risk events can be prevented 2011 3 Roberta Pereira et al.
The capability of supply chain to respond quickly to unexpected events so as to restore operations to the previous performance level or to a new and better one 2014 4 Hohenstein et al.
Supply chain resilience is the supply chain's ability prepare for unexpected risk events, respond to and recover from to potential disruptions and return to its original situation, or grow by moving to a new, more desirable state in order to increase customer service, market share and financial performance 2015 5 Junwei Wang et al.
A resilient system is a system with the objective of surviving and maintaining function even during disruptions, with the ability to predict and assess the damage of possible disruptions, enhanced by a strong awareness of its ever-changing environment and knowledge of past events, thereby utilizing resilient strategies for defence against the disruptions 2016 6 Elleuch et al.
Resilience is defined as the ability of a system to return to its original state or a more favourable condition after being disturbed 2016 7 Kamalahmadi et al.
The adaptive capability of a supply chain to reduce the probability of facing sudden disturbances, resist the spread of disturbances by maintaining control over structures and functions, and recover and respond by immediate and effective reactive plans to transcend the disturbance and restore the supply chain to a robust state of operations

2016
The strategic resilience process can cover different boundaries across the globe, which can easily promote and move the product from one destination to the other with a hasslefree and facile route, thus establishing the market base for expansion [6]. It is believed that businesses worldwide can move efficiently by implementing resourceful supply chain techniques [7]. There are technologies that have affected all forms of activity within society, and they should reflect the goals of more sustainable economic development [8].
The use of a holistic strategy, coupled with the resilience in the supply chain circuit, can increase the ability to overcome the risks associated with supply chain management, thus improving the economic stability and sustainability of any organization [9,10]. A proactive resilience can leverage and strengthen the interdisciplinary supply chain process to mitigate the risks from the global market and better understand the vulnerability [11]. The type of resilience is a matter of global concern among firms, which is caused by significant disturbances and globalization [12]. These disturbances should be handled in ways which are right for the company and can support the supply chain's conclusions, which suggest a need for resilience.
A remarkable and broad-based technological revolution is currently underway and has made the incorporation of information technology possible [13]. The technology, most of which is information-based, is potent enough to change where and how people may believe and work and, therefore, the future urban area type. This has significantly transformed the way in which companies have been working by improving the supply chain, operation management and marketing goals, and uplifting the economics and risk management within an individual niche [14].

The Technological Integration as Source of Sustainable Resilience
In order to optimize the structural dynamic sustainable resilience strategies, technological integration plays a crucial role in the long-term benefits of the companies [15]. This highlights the integration of supply chain viability and configurability. During disruptive and unavoidable situations, such as COVID-19, there is serious breakdown of the operational and functional abilities of companies, such as the disruption of production forces, manpower shortage, disruption in the supply chain and the demand for specific components [16,17]. Thus, to cope with these issues, the implementation of digital technologies and supply chain dynamics can transform the organization pattern of the companies [18].
The use of digital technological integration can help to develop a symbiotic relationship with the local supply chain and cloud-manufacturing platforms, and the acquisition of new trading and logistic partners can greatly influence the SCR [19]. The use of a stimulated model-based resilient strategy can minimize the disruption and ripple effects and help with the network recovery plan and building a trustworthy network collaboration [20]. Furthermore, the use of data envelopment can mask the risk associated with the supplier and customer, which can also be handled with AHP-based models and techniques [21]. Using improved technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), a resilient supply chain can be built by monitoring any part of the systems within the business organization [22].
Technology can spot damage and ensure malfunctioning units are reported by notifying other devices. This will make sure that systems obtain the kind of maintenance, along with repairs, that they need to resolve any issues, thereby reducing waste and the overall cost of production. During the current worldwide pandemic, the operational mode has become more virtual, businesses are operating digitally, and the transition and organization should be closely monitored with the use of technologies such as IoT, which can create balanced working modules with a minimal physical presence of human resources [23,24].

Literature Review
The mitigation of supply chain disruptions is a tough situation for any company to cope with. There are few ISO (17000) and ISO (14000) procedures and norms which provide standard ways to deal with such disruption process. This can be achieved only by identifying the hidden and overlooked risk factors [21]. Hence, developing a model is a feasible option, which can be replicated and implemented in different sectors, as per the study conducted by [25]. The authors of [26] summarize the new technologies in operations and supply chains, and their impacts on the sustainable business continuity. The study addressed the research gaps and attempts to fulfill the directions for future research to confront the operations and supply chain.
Similarly, the editorial review by [26] highlighted the important findings confronting operational and supply chain management. For instance, the use of autonomous-intelligent systems to develop efficient productive units and use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in product design for customer satisfaction is gaining tremendous importance. The authors concluded with the suggestion that technological-oriented supply chains should be mandatory rather than optional in future, as the technologies offer improved customer satisfaction.
The rapid globalization in information technologies impedes the advancement in customer satisfaction. In order to achieve this, the core supply chain management is highly essential. Any sort of disruption can lead to great loss. Hence, the ability to deal with such disruption and return to normalcy is considered as supply chain resilience. In recent years, scientific fraternities are exploring new ways of acquiring the supply chain resilience; for instance, the use of technologies such as IoT and information-sharing systems enhance the collaborative tactics used to manage disruptive events [27].

Sustainable Supply Chain Resilience and Technological Integration
The relationship between the SCR and sustainability has depicted beneficial associations to manage the decision-making and the risk factors [28]. The resilience component has displayed the upper hand in adapting to the new, market-dependent strategy and structuring to mitigate the social dimension of sustainability [29]. The degree of SCR generated a core link with the supply chain and stakeholder to generate adaptability, employment generation and an improved economic company profile [30]. Thus, to maintain the configuration of the social dimensions of sustainability and SCR, the implementation of tools and the development of a conceptual framework is highly essential. Furthermore, the model-based strategic planning eliminates the vulnerability and minimizes the risk potential [31]. This can only be achieved with the active interlinking of every parameter and connected element; for instance, the supply chain stakeholders, risk management, economic flow, working environment, production and mode of operational level [32]. The resilient and sustainable supply chain is a framework that was formulated in a measurable scale with respect to the sustainability and resilience of the business [33]. The process of distribution and production is becoming increasingly complex as time passes, and resilience will include collaboration and transparency so as to manage the risks in business, and can also provide value to stakeholders expecting sustainable returns [34].
Embedding sustainability in supply chains is done through the management of risk factors and making sure to adhere to corporate commitments, ethics, human rights, communities and the environment, which help them to source their services and goods [35]. The practices are different across markets in different areas of the world, with various models of business and belonging to different sectors [36].
The SCR is greatly influenced by the process of technological orientation, which is unprecedented, in the new business revolutions of recent years [37]. There are different technologies which can create an usher impact; for instance, the development of artificial intelligence, IoTs, data science, machine learning, phygital technologies, big data science, cloud computing, intelligent communication systems, super computers, robotics and many more [26,36,38]. The use of these technologies is driven by the type used in manufacturing unit and company protocols.
Initial studies have reported the cost-effectiveness and economical benefits in the competitive world that can be obtained with the integration of SCR-based technological orientation [39]. These technologies can initiate the adaptation to market demand by the fusion of an effective technological approach, from the manufacturing processes to customer satisfaction [40]. The impact of improved technological approaches can maintain a sustainable SCR even during the crisis pandemic situation by forecasting the associated risk and plan a timely efficient recovery to maintain business continuity by adapting to the situation-based automated tools for more effective and efficient planning processes [41].
The use of cloud computing can be highlighted as beneficial for the online storage of datasets to business continuity in both physical and virtual modes. The cloud computing process offers more a reliable and secure based process to maintain the legal and functional documentation [42]. The use of robotics in the current pandemic situation can ensure the safety of humans by carrying out hassle-free work processes, which can combat the spread of infection with the use of minimal human work forces [43]. 3D printing a recent trending technology, which can act efficiently to replicate the desired components and products [38].
The use of 3D printing can minimize the production cost and overcome the time duration needed to meet the site-based demand for the small-scale production of an important entity [44]. The effect of supply chain and recovery policies describes the economic performance and scope of changes that need to be made in the supply chain structure to preserve the resilience. This can be done by identifying the ripple effect and developing models for both reactive and proactive approaches. This works well in maintaining the supply chain disruption for longer period of time [45].
As the e-commerce trend is expanding daily, the implementation of supply chain resilience has gained more importance in recent years. The literature demonstrates that collaboration, flexibility and integration are most important in supply chain resilience. This ensures business continuity and reliability in a cost-effective manner. Information and communication technologies were developed to support the managers in monitoring the disruption, facilitating the quick recovery of supply chains [46].

Environmental Regulatory Systems
Environmental regulatory systems in sustainability, and the way that these impact the quality of our day-to-day technologies, is significant. The need for an organization to be sustainable will continue to grow as the world continues to be more concerned with environmental sustainability and sustainable living. The demand for sustainability within the workplace is growing because of the pressures placed on businesses by the current environmental regulatory systems. With this pressure comes the need for a new approach to sustainable business to create a better business that is both more environmentally friendly and can meet the needs of the present marketplace [47,48].

Customer Response Monitering system
One of the greatest challenges facing businesses today is customer response monitoring systems in sustainable resilience. Many organizations are failing to recognize the true value of Customer Relationship Management (CRM); however, these systems are often the best tools a business has at its disposal to manage customer relations and provide value to customers through increased customer satisfaction, increased profitability, and enhanced brand equity. The best businesses are not necessarily the ones which use the most traditional approaches to customer response monitoring systems; they are those that use the most innovative and contemporary approaches to increase Customer Satisfaction [49,50].

Environmental Uncertainty
Environmental uncertainty in sustainable resilience is one of the key factors that should be considered in construction projects. Environmental uncertainty is the "chaos" of uncertainties. These are the uncertainties associated with human interaction, which arise from the lack of a better way to predict the future, as well as the inability of human beings to measure its success or failure [51,52].

Intraoperability
Sustainable resilience is also a part of what is called the resilience cycle; this is an idea where an idea develops from observation of a particular situation, then grows into the next stage. Therefore, we are looking at the growth in sustainable resilience [53]. Moreover, the idea of resilience is very much connected with how well a particular project or organization is able to deal with crisis, and the impact that a particular disaster has on its own business [54]. It is this aspect of how well a project or company has managed to cope and handle crisis that needs to be factored into the results.

Operational Integration
The first area that affects sustainable resilience is environmental change. This includes climate change, which is characterized by a series of severe natural disasters, such as flooding, drought, storm, hurricanes, typhoons and other types of disaster, which are all happening at an unprecedented rate. It is estimated that at least 90% of the world's population is affected by the impacts of global warming. There are several ways to address this issue: one is to invest in technology that can reduce the impact of natural disasters on operations. Second is the creation of better knowledge about other uncertain events that mainly cause disruptions in operations [55].

Waste, Energy and Resource Management
Sustainable resilience is an approach to energy and waste management which considers the interconnectivity between energy use and environmental degradation. This approach acknowledges that there are interrelated dynamics in terms of energy and the environment. Sustainable resilience approaches the use of renewable resources as part of a comprehensive strategy for achieving long-term environmental goals, by using energy and the environment in a balanced manner. It considers the potential of the environment to absorb energy and the efficiency of a system in converting energy from non-renewable sources into a usable form.

ISO 14,000 as a Control Variable
ISO 14,000, as a control variable in sustainable resilience design, is very much alive. ISO stands for the international organization of standardization and quality and, in order to be recognized as an official organization, it must meet certain quality criteria and be recognized by the governments of more than one country. ISO stands for the International Standardization Organization. In short, ISO has recognized the value of ISO standards, which is why we find ISO standardization so essential. As green projects go, sustainable resilience is not just about reducing the environmental impact of the project, but about increasing the sustainability and efficiency of your operations.

Theoretical Frame Work and Hypothesis
In Figure 1, theoretical framework is showing relationship among dependent and independent variables. In path 1, independent variables (environmental regulatory system, customer response monitoring system, environmental uncertainty, interoperability, and operational integration) shows impact on dependent variable (supply chain resilience) by forming hypothesis H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5. In path 2, supply chain resilience shows ultimate impact on dependent variable (sustainable supply chain resilience) by forming H6. Furthermore, environmental resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience are factors of supply chain resilience. In Figure 1, ISO 14000 is used as control variable in the current study.

Theoretical Frame Work and Hypothesis
In Figure 1, theoretical framework is showing relationship among dependent and independent variables. In path 1, independent variables (environmental regulatory system, customer response monitoring system, environmental uncertainty, interoperability, and operational integration) shows impact on dependent variable (supply chain resilience) by forming hypothesis H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5. In path 2, supply chain resilience shows ultimate impact on dependent variable (sustainable supply chain resilience) by forming H6. Furthermore, environmental resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience are factors of supply chain resilience. In figure 1, ISO 14000 is used as control variable in the current study.

Questionnaire Design
There are different valid instruments in this questionnaire. First, there is a question-

Questionnaire Design
There are different valid instruments in this questionnaire. First, there is a questionnaire based on the discussed issues and the need for further research into the technological integration needed for resilient supply chain sustainability. This questionnaire includes questions on all relevant variables of this research. There are two dependent variables: (1) supply chain resilience; (2) sustainability of supply chain resilience. Independent variables are the technological integration as the source of sustainable resilience.
The other variable factors of this research are: Sustainable performance includes three factors: economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance. All of these factors are considered to create a questionnaire (see Appendix A).
All these questions were asked to the relevant persons from different businesses. The customer and supplied resilience calculations were mainly adapted from [56]. He created a five-item scale to calculate an organizational resilience that is focused internally. The research asked respondents for reviews and for details of their experiences and perceptions. I asked respondents how the environmental regulatory system helps with sustainable resilience in the current business environment. There customers had different views, with 90% strongly agreeing with the statement that the environment regulatory system leads to the creation of resilience in customer supply chain management through the use of technology.

Sampling and Data Collection
The research selected a sample of 250 organizations, located in four different regions in China. These locations are: northeastern, central, and western locations. There are different stages of economic development compared to the other coastal and remote locations. The generalized information was taken by sending a questionnaire to the representatives from the pharmaceuticals organizations sampled. First, the research obtained some key information about those selected organizations and their SCM practices. The researcher explained the reason for their research and its goals. There were a total of 1200 pharmaceuticals organizations contacted, of which 612 agreed to respond and participate in the research.
The questionnaire, with a cover letter with key information about the questions and the topic, was sent to all concerned persons in these 612 organizations. Respondents were required to attach a summary report with graphs of their results along with the answers to the questions. From the 612 organizations, 250 forms were received with complete information and answers. This included the profile of those responding organizations, and their assessment of the resilience issues in supply chain management after the impact of COVID-19.

Bias and Reliability
The research obtained basic information about the topic and resilience issues from the internet. Furthermore, information about organizations in those regions was also collected form online sources. This included the company profile, products, services, ownership, assets, region, industry, and employees in the certain environment.

Analysis
From the questionnaire, the researcher found that more than 80% of respondents argue that without environmental sustainability, an organization cannot remain sustainable when growing its business. They responded that technology integration is helpful for sustainable supply chain during COVID-19. More than 90% of respondents agreed that technological integrations such as increasing the online presence and status of the supply chain is more useful for resilient supply chain sustainability.
About 70% of respondents stated that, today, business organizations face customer pressure in sustainable resilience because of the decline in the international market during coronavirus. Customer pressure includes customer expectations, the environmental changes, and the social responsibility of organizations regarding their customers. Most of the respondents think that technological integration of a customer response monitoring system, interoperability, and operational integration could be effective for sustainable supply chain management.
Environmental uncertainty is the key factor of sustainable resilience, especially in the construction projects. About 55% of respondents answered that the environmental uncertainty could be eliminated to optimize the sustainability of supply chain resilience during COVID-19. Further, 100% of respondents agreed that we should use ISO 14000 procedures and standards to comply with the international standards of environmental quality. Other standards, such as SA 8000, are helpful to obtain sustained supply chain resilience. Table 2, Descriptive Statistics, shows that there are 250 respondents with an average of 3.48 to 4.23. This average is used for further calculations of standard deviation. Both of these measure the central tendency of the responses and their deviations. The standard deviation is measure of dispersion from the central tendency. Hence, it measures the chance in error. In the given table, the factor "customer response monitoring system" shows maximum deviation and the factor "expected return" shows minimum deviation. H1. There is a significant positive relationship between environmental regulatory systems and supply chain resilience;

Statistical Analysis of Descriptive Information
H2. There is a positive relationship between customer response monitoring system and supply chain resilience; H3. There is a positive relationship between environmental uncertainty and supply chain resilience; H4. There is a positive relationship between interoperability and supply chain resilience; H5. There is a positive relationship between operational integration and supply chain resilience; H6. There is a positive relationship between supply chain resilience and sustainable supply chain resilience.
In Table 3, the model summary shows the dependency of variables known as predictors, i.e., customer response monitoring system, environmental uncertainty, environmental regulatory system, interoperability, and operational integration. All of these factors form the hypothesis of this research, and the researcher analyzed these to find a correlation among these variables. The calculated statistics of R reached 0.643, greater than the 0.5 value. Therefore, it can be said that there is significant positive relationship between predictors (Constant), environmental regulatory system, customer response monitoring system, environmental uncertainty, interoperability and operational integration and supply chain resilience.
In Table 4, ANOVA shows the sum of squares, mean square, and level of significance. In this assessment, the dependent variable is supply chain resilience, while the other variables are the predictors.  Table 5 shows the coefficients of correlation, including beta testing, t test, and level of significance. All variables and predictors are included in this calculation.  Tables 6-10 show correlations among the different variables and their level of significance. There is a 100 percent correlation between supply chain resilience and the environmental regulatory systems. This means that, if environment changes are positive, they lead to improved supply chain resilience.  Table 7 shows that there is a high correlation between supply chain resilience and customer response monitoring system. Other factors are environmental uncertainty, interoperability, and operational integration.    Table 11 shows that there is a 100 percent correlation for the environmental regulatory system, a 50 percent correlation between customer response monitoring system, and a 20 percent correlation for environmental uncertainty. In Table 12, there is correlation between all six variables which is significant at 0.01 level of alpha (2-tail). The magnitude of the Pearson correlation is given in Tables 10 and 11. Hence, it is proven that there is a significant positive correlation between supply chain resilience and the other factors i.e., environmental regulatory system, customer response monitoring system, environmental uncertainty, interoperability and operational integration.

Discussion
According to the analysis findings, it can be interpreted as the objective of study being achieved, highlighting the importance of technological integration as a tool for resilient supply chain sustainability in the pharmaceutical sector in China during COVID-19. From previous research and studies, it found the sustainability in the resilience of supply chain is the key for success in the current business situation. Organizations need to maintain their processes in the competitive resilience. Supply chain management is at risk like other variables of sustainability. There are multiple factors affect supply chain stability such as risk management, product portfolio, and the economic influence.
In this research, a main objective is to find technological integration as a source of sustained supply chain resilience. This research comprises systematic assessment based on the integration of supply chain resilience to develop an organization profile during a pandemic situation. There are different limitations to the strategic resilience process. By implementing resourceful supply chain technology, the business organization can move efficiently. Technological advancement is based on societal need and the changing trends of demand.
Maintaining an efficient supply chain during COVID-19 is complicated, and business organizations must understand how technology can help them in resilience supply chain management. In doing this, they can get help by implementing international standards such as ISO 14,000. Moreover, business organizations need to understand the importance of the resilience supply chain and the use of technology for sustained business growth and development. To assess and evaluate the facts and customer reviews, a questionnaire was used in this research.
The questions are based on the most relevant issues and factors considered relevant to the objectives and goals of their research. Two main types of variable were used in their research: the dependent variables and independent variables. The two main variables are: supply chain and sustainability of supply chain resilience, and technological integration as a source of sustainable resilience. For assessment of the need for technological integration, this research comprises a questionnaire that includes relevant questions.
More than 80% of respondents argue that technological integration is necessary. The business organizations cannot remain environmentally sustainable. More than 90% of respondents agree that technological integrations can increase online presence. Business organizations are facing customer pressure on expectations, changes in the business environment, and social responsibility during COVID-19. The respondents show their concern with technological integration and sustained supply chain management.

Managerial Implications
The outcome of this research will be beneficial for other sectors, such as food, health and other services. Disruptions in the supply chain can cause supply chain sustainability to become vulnerable can be managed in a crisis such as COVID-19. The research paper evaluates the practical implication of supply chain sustainability among various aspects of pharmaceutical sectors in China. Those with high influence factors can be explained with the current research.

Conclusions
This research has found the value of technological integration to be a tool for resilient supply chain sustainability during COVID-19. In this era of global crises due to coronavirus spread, managing a sustained supply chain more important and difficult. In the results, it can be seen that the factors of the environmental regulatory system, customer response monitoring system, environmental uncertainty, interoperability and operational integration are found to be more crucial, and the results show a direct relationship between supply chain resilience and the given factors. The correlation table suggests the magnitude of the relationship. Thus, the result also shows a direct relationship between sustainability and supply chain resilience. However, there are some mediating factors (economic resilience, social resilience, environmental resilience). This research comprises a statistical assessment of different variables affecting the resilience of supply chain. By getting answers to the questions, and with the analysis of the collected information, a correlation between these factors and the resilient supply chain is found and analyzed.
It is concluded that there is high significance of technological integration and resilient supply chain sustainability. The business organizations need to understand the current complicated situations of coronavirus, the systematics changes required for the business organizations, and how different other factors effect businesses. There is a need to implement international standards in the business organizations for their technological advancement for the resilience supply chain. There is a significant correlation among technological integration, such as the resilient supply chain sustainability during coronavirus.

Limitation and Future Research
The research was conducted in very specific areas in China. The main issue faced is data availability. The response rate was very low, which is why the data need to be reconciled many times to obtain the specific information needed to evaluate the results more accurately. Furthermore, many variables can be added to form SEM, to obtain more research outcomes. In addition, the implications of this could be readjusted in different sectors, such as food and health.