The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Tourism 2 Needs of Algerian Population 3

: This research aims to understand the vision and the reaction of the population towards 12 tourism and holidays during this period of the COVID-19 pandemic. It investigates also the tourist 13 needs of the Algerian population after the closure of international borders. Methods: The data were collected using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods through a 15 questionnaire applied to 203 people in different regions of Algeria (a North African country) from 16 1st June to 13 July 2020. Results: The needs of Algerian tourists are characterized by a great need for leisure to relieve psychological stress caused by COVID-19 (M = 25.33) among the study sample (p <0.05). The results also show an average need to rationalize the costs of tourist services (M = 5.26) according to the 20 respondents (p <0.01). This is in addition to the great need (M = 7.75) among respondents (p <0.05) 21 of the awareness that the tourism sector can contribute to the economic recovery in Algeria after the 22 confinement period. About 75.86% of respondents demand the cleanliness of tourist sites, while 23 69.95% recommend improving safety because of the size of tourist sites in the Algerian territory and also measures related to social distancing. The results show that 53.69% of respondents preferred 25 the month of August to go on vacation, 29.06% chose the month of September, and 17.25% would 26 prefer the months of October, November and December since they expect a reduction in the risks of 27 the COVID-19 pandemic. 28 Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the tourism needs of the Algerian population, 29 which has become increasingly aware of the consequences of the pandemic in relation to their health 30 and on the country's economy. These results can help the authorities of the tourism sector to better 31 understand and identify the tourism needs of this population in the current period and after the 32 COVID-19 pandemic.

countries. This is after the release of the report of the National Health Commission of China which 48 indicated on January 27, 2020, that the people carrying the virus can infect others through respiratory 49 droplets as well as through direct contact [1,5]. In addition, some patients with COVID-19 who do

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The imposed confinement has, thus, provoked a rapid increase in fear, anxiety, the appearance of 58 behavioral disorders, and other significant psychological and psychiatric effects. with the loss of 59 freedom due to confinement, still people separated from loved ones, and also negative impacts on 60 many sectors of the economy, which could trigger social unrest that could last for years [10, 11, 12, 61 13,14]. This can harm the stability and development of countries. Indeed, the industrial production 62 fell in China due to COVID-19 at the start of the pandemic by around 13.5%, retail sales fell by 21%, 63 and some sectors almost collapsed [15]. So, the world has experienced a number of epidemics over

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Subsequently, these negative impacts on the world economy forced many countries to start thinking 72 about effective gradual exit strategies to return to normal life, in order to revive trade and economy.

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The populations, for their part, also needed to regain their freedom, change their surroundings, relax 74 and get out of the lifestyle imposed inside their homes. Knowing that on a psychosocial level, leisure 75 is essential for psychological balance [19]. It is thus noted that the strategies for exiting containment 76 following COVID-19 have experienced difficulties when meeting the needs of the populations on 77 vacation and tourism at this time of the year, or the tourism sector was completely at a standstill in 78 many countries around the world. About 1.5 billion tourists travel internationally each year and this 79 can be an effective means of spreading a virus [20]. As a result of this situation, tourists have a very 80 limited ability to travel or return to their country of origin, and the right to travel and benefit from 81 the services of hotel and tourism operators has been restricted by the impact of COVID-19 on the 82 closure of international borders [21]. As part of this, estimates from the World Tourism Organization 83 (UNWTO) say that international tourist arrivals are expected to drop by 78%, thus causing a loss of 84 US $ 1.2 trillion in revenue and 120 million cutbacks in direct jobs in tourism [22]. The resumption 85 of activity in the tourism sector requires the monitoring of prevention protocols specific to each 86 country.
3 of 11 population [24]. So, a large part of the population, not to say the whole of it, intends to go on vacation 97 to relax, but this must be done inside the country because of the closure of the Algerian borders. This 98 prompted officials from the tourism sector in Algeria to validate and implement their prevention 99 protocol against COVID-19 in collaboration with the Ministry of Health [25] from August 15, 2020, 100 onwards. It is important now to know the impact of COVID-19 on the behavior of the Algerian 101 population towards tourism, particularly during holidays in the pandemic when the risk of 102 contamination by the virus is still present. Tourist needs mean the tourist wishes that the citizen 103 wants to be realized by the actors of the tourist sector in all their forms.

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The objective of our study aims to know how the population will react to spend their holidays, and 105 how they see tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also intend to shed light on the proposals 106 that could improve the tourism sector in Algeria, which were largely ceased in March 2020 just like 107 anywhere in the world [16], and should resume its activity according to new visions of operation.

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COVID-19 has changed the world forever and nothing will be the same as before the pandemic in 109 various sectors including tourism, which remains a very sensitive sector.

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The questionnaire of our study included 23 questions covering several dimensions:

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(2) The need for tourist information 7 items;

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(3) The need to rationalize tourism costs 3 items;

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(4) The need for the contribution of tourism in the economic recovery 3 items.

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The coefficient of reliability of the alpha Cronbach questionnaire has been calculated which equals

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Descriptive statistics were calculated for the socio-demographic characteristics, and the dimensions 126 of the questionnaire. We used the chi-square test, one-sample and two-sample t test, with a level of 127 significance of (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistic 22.0

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Regarding the preferred month to spend summer vacation after the lifting of the confinement, we 134 found that 53,69% of the respondents preferred the month of August, as it is the best month for rest 135 and leisure for Algerians because it is a month of vacation for most economic and service sectors.

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While a percentage of 29.06% of respondents were in favor of spending the summer holidays 137 especially with the spread of the coronavirus in September. They perhaps wanted to delay ensuring 138 the stability of the health situation in the country before venturing into various tourist spots.

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As for the remaining 17.25% of respondents, they preferred to postpone this year's summer vacation 140 to October, November and December to ensure the stability of the health situation in the country.     The

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The results also indicate that there is an average need to rationalize the costs of tourist services (M = 161 5.26) in Algeria (p <0.01), because the latter is the greatest concern of Algerian citizens, especially with 162 the increase in hotel services, catering and all associated services. Therefore, it is difficult to have a 163 tourist vacation for an average family of four persons with average income.

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The   This indicates an awareness of the importance of caution and compliance with preventive 179 instructions to avoid infection with the coronavirus.

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As for the preferred tourist places after the lifting of the confinement, the results in Table 3

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The results of the

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The data in Table 5 indicate that there is no significant difference between men and women in the

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On the other hand, the Table shows        areas. This is due to the prices which are considered somewhat high compared to other countries.

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The reduction in prices will allow the recovery of the tourism industry after COVID-19 and will be world must also take to stimulate tourist flow [33].

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This study, which has shown the impact of COVID-19 on the tourist needs of the Algerian population,

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The results also show that 53.69% of respondents prefer the month of August to go on vacation, 29.06% 313 prefer the month of September and 17.25% prefer the months of October, November and December.

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The results of the quantitative analysis show that 92.61% of respondents recommend reducing the