Social Entrepreneurship as a Path for Social Change and Driver of Sustainable Development: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda

: Social entrepreneurship has been recognized as a tool to attain sustainable development. This paper highlights the role of social entrepreneurship in triggering social change and attaining sustainable development. The paper contributes signiﬁcantly to the existing literature by conducting a systematic review of extant works. To this end, we analyzed and reviewed 173 research papers from the Web of Science database. The results are presented in the form of descriptive ﬁndings and thematic discussion. The paper concludes by setting up the agenda for future researchers in the ﬁeld.


Introduction
Academic interest in sustainable development is growing significantly.Researchers are approaching the subject of sustainable development from various contexts.In that course, the concepts of social entrepreneurship and sustainable development are also crossing paths [1].Social entrepreneurs have been understood as change agents who employ entrepreneurial means for providing systemic solutions to social and environmental problems [2] while also ensuring their own survival and sustainability [3].Recent literature on social entrepreneurship focuses on the relevance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurship for economic development [4].In developing countries where resources are scarce and banks and financial institutions are reluctant to lend financial support to SMEs, the governments have an even larger role to play by providing sources of financing for SME development [5].While lack of resources is considered to be the major barrier or hindrance to responsible business practices in SMEs, resource-poor entrepreneurs are looking for innovative business models in order to sustain themselves [6].
Considerable attention has been devoted to sustainable development supporting social, economic and environmental aspects [7].To recognize opportunities for sustainable development, entrepreneurial knowledge and innovative abilities play a key role [8].The innovative power of entrepreneurs has an important part in ensuring a more sustainable future.Entrepreneurs are, therefore, recognized as the engines of sustainable development [9].While entrepreneurs are considered as vehicles for meeting (currently) unmet social needs, the academic discourse on how this process will actually unfold has been sparse [8].
The present paper consolidates the developments in extant literature on the contribution of social entrepreneurship towards sustainable development through systematic review methodology and suggests the agenda for future researchers in the field.The paper contributes to the literature of social entrepreneurship as well as sustainable development in a novel way by providing ready reference of the extant literature to the potential researchers in both fields.In a specific way, we combine the research outcomes and parameters of the extant literature in six categories.These include the studies focusing on (a) innovation and technology adopted by the social entrepreneurs; (b) contribution of social entrepreneurs towards rural and community development and urbanization; (c) social, economic and environmental considerations of the social entrepreneurs; (d) financing and crowdfunding patterns in social entrepreneurs; (e) women entrepreneurs; and (f) corporate social responsibility performed by the social entrepreneurs.We also identify parameters within each category being addressed by the extant literature; and the objectives studied, methodologies employed, and findings of the important studies within the six categories.Finally, we highlight research directions in the field by indicating the following research questions for future researchers.
RQ1: What are the major themes and sub-themes identified and discussed by extant literature studying social entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable development?RQ2: Which methodological approaches have been employed by the extant literature to study social entrepreneurs in the context of sustainable development?RQ3: What are the gaps in existing literature studying social entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable development; and what are the potential focus areas for future research in the field?
The paper is organized as follows.The present section introduces the ideation of the paper and the research questions; the second section outlines the methodology applied for this review; the third section presents the descriptive findings and thematic analysis of the papers under reference; the fourth section concludes and suggests the research agenda for future research in the field.
We use the Web of Science database to conduct our search using the BOOLEAN criteria.Web of Science provides access to multidisciplinary research which allows for in-depth examination of particular sub-fields within an academic or scientific discipline [15].To answer the research questions specified in the Introduction, we have conducted a comprehensive systematic review of the literature.Following their initial application in medical research, systematic reviews have been widely used in the fields of economics and management, due to their ability to improve the quality of review process and establish a systematic, clear and duplicable literature review [10].Systematic reviews involve detailed examination of each paper considering their abstract, introduction, methods, findings and conclusions [16], thereby highlighting the major trends and results from the existing literature and providing directions for future research [17].In systematic reviews, where a typical number of papers are inspected, the researcher specifies the Boolean query to find relevant papers [18,19].The usage of BOOLEAN criteria has become much prevalent across disciplines in recent times [14,17,20].Boolean is used to structure a query, that is easily replicable and editable, and for more control in retrieving plurals and different spellings that result in stronger and more precise searches [21].The papers that match the query are retrieved and inspected but those which do not match the query are never viewed regardless of their relevance [19].
A systematic search was conducted (on 1 March 2018) in the Web of Science (WoS) database to identify all peer-review papers using the following BOOLEAN: TS= ((social*) AND ((entrepreneur*) OR (entrepreneurial*) OR (entrepreneurship*)) AND ("sustainable development")).
The query led to 176 papers, which were further evaluated as per the procedure exhibited in Figure 1.To begin with, non-English papers were rejected.We came down to a list of 175 papers, out of which two papers were doubtful, so the papers were reassessed and finally rejected as they were not directly related to the study.Afterwards, a final list of 173 papers was obtained (Supplementary Materials).After collecting and screening the research papers, we categorized and coded them to have an overall view of the studies on social entrepreneurship and sustainable development.The classification includes seven major subjects, numbered from one to seven, and coded using alphabetical letters that go from A to I. Table 1 depicts the categorization framework and codes.The classification includes seven major subjects, numbered from one to seven, and coded using alphabetical letters that go from A to I. Table 1 depicts the categorization framework and codes.The classification and categorization scheme is in line with Jabbour [11]; Ferreira et al. [16] Sharma et al. [13]; Jain and Sharma [17]; Talan and Sharma [14].The first category identifies the distribution of publications per year and year-wise citations for the period 1992-2018 to arrive at the period witnessing an increase in academic interest to the subject.The second category involves identifying the coverage of the selected papers, which have been coded as: "A-Developed countries", "B-Developing countries" and "C-No specific coverage".Code "C" is applied to the papers, not specific to a specific country.To further specify the geographical area covered by the papers, the third category has been created, which are coded on a scale from A-F.The fourth category classifies the papers based on the dimensions studied by them, and is coded by the letters A, B, C and D. Social entrepreneurship has been used as one of the most powerful tools for promoting sustainable development [22], which entails social, economic and environmental dimensions [23].The fifth category identifies the research method applied in the extant literature and is coded on a scale from A-C.This category identifies the prominent methods used by the extant literature.The sixth category associates with the main themes of the reviewed research papers, coded from A-I.The seventh category classifies the studies according to their contribution to the body of knowledge, and codes the papers on a scale of A-D.The aim of this category is to assess the findings of the papers and to verify whether the authors have introduced a new stream of research or are conforming to the previous literature.

Descriptive Findings
The descriptive findings provide an overview and help clarify the main characteristics and methodology used by selected studies [24].

Year-Wise Publications and Citations
Figure 2 presents the number of papers published per year and the citations of all the reviewed papers per year for the period 1992-2018.Figure 2 reveals an increasing trend signaling an increased interest of researchers in this area [1].The highest number of publications and the sum of times cited are in the year 2017.Table 2 shows the results obtained after the analysis of 173 research papers.The number of papers belonging to different categories are shown in the table, while the percentage of the papers belonging to specific categories is shown in the parenthesis.N/A represents the categories in which these codes are not applicable.

Coverage
Category two involves identifying the coverage analyzed by the research papers.The analysis shows that most of the previous research is dedicated to the developed countries followed by developing countries or emerging economies.There are some studies that compares data between countries.The results reveal that there exists fewer papers that cope with the relationship between social entrepreneurship and sustainable development in developing countries.Murthy, Sagayam, Rengalakshmi, and Nair [25] highlight the necessity of exploring the concept in developing nations since the details concerning social issues in these countries and the strategies adopted by them to strive are limited.Table 2 shows the results obtained after the analysis of 173 research papers.The number of papers belonging to different categories are shown in the table, while the percentage of the papers belonging to specific categories is shown in the parenthesis.N/A represents the categories in which these codes are not applicable.

Coverage
Category two involves identifying the coverage analyzed by the research papers.The analysis shows that most of the previous research is dedicated to the developed countries followed by developing countries or emerging economies.There are some studies that compares data between countries.The results reveal that there exists fewer papers that cope with the relationship between social entrepreneurship and sustainable development in developing countries.Murthy, Sagayam, Rengalakshmi, and Nair [25] highlight the necessity of exploring the concept in developing nations since the details concerning social issues in these countries and the strategies adopted by them to strive are limited.

Geographical Coverage
The third category relates to specific geographical coverage of the researched countries.A large proportion of studies come from Europe, while the contributions from Asia and North America are still modest.Although the research in these regions are comparatively low, the concept has been emerging since 1990s.Public authorities along with social enterprises are paying attention towards mobilizing economic and social resources towards the growing welfare needs [26].

Dimensions
The fourth category analyses the dimensions addressed by extant literature covered in the study.According to the concern of the present research, most of the studies focuses on economy-related issues, followed by environment-related issues and social issues respectively.

Methodology
The fifth category identifies the research methodology applied in the selected literature.The analysis clearly reveals that most of the research papers use empirical methodology (67 percent), while 27 percent of the papers employ case studies methodology.Although there exists empirical research in the field, more empirical studies are required in order to understand the important antecedents and outcome of social entrepreneurship [27,28].More in-depth interviews with informants shall better manage the cultural and social issues concerning access to informants, social desirability bias [29].

Themes
The results reveal that extant literature has mostly focused on environmental and ecological considerations, rural and community development and urbanization.The concept of social entrepreneurship takes multiple forms, depending on socioeconomic and cultural circumstances, placing obstacles on research in the area.This calls for further research to establish concrete definitions for overcoming ambiguity of the concept [3,27].

Contribution of the Research Papers
The seventh classification explores the contribution made by the existing literature.Findings of the maximum papers (81 percent) are 'consistent with previous literature'.To further inform social entrepreneurs for contributing towards sustainable development, more comparative and longitudinal research can be conducted [28,30].

Thematic Discussion
The term "entrepreneur" was originated by Schumpeter in the 20th century who calls the entrepreneur a "man of action" who drives the creative-destruction process considered as the core of capitalism.He describes entrepreneurs as the innovators and catalysts behind social and economic progress facing the risks and reforms or revolutionize the process of production for producing new goods or producing existing ones in a new way [22].
Entrepreneurship is progressively accepted as a duct to create sustainable products/services and processes integrating social and environmental concerns.The extant literature does not extensively discuss the contribution of entrepreneurs towards a sustainable future [8].Belz and Binder [31] conclude that it is crucial for entrepreneurs to blend social, ecological concerns and customer benefits as a solution to the triple bottom line further leading to the sustainability of their ventures as also that of the universe.
Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a sub-discipline within the field of entrepreneurship [27].Social entrepreneurs create social value by providing social benefit for all, and economic value by creating jobs and income for their venture while accomplishing their vision and missions [32].Partzsch and Ziegler [2] propose that the innovative capacity of social entrepreneurs is their primary source of authority to deal with the commonly perceived problems.
Although the objective of a profit-maximizing firm is different from a social business, the managerial mindset should be the same as in a business while creating social benefit.Social businesses can certainly generate income while achieving their social missions and can be self-sustainable.The surplus generated by such businesses may be reinvested in the business to provide cost-effective quality goods and services to the target group of beneficiaries [33].
Traditional financial institutions are cautious in lending to social entrepreneurs whereas commercial entrepreneurs can attract traditional capital providers and equity investors [34].Belz and Binder [31] argue that resources for social enterprises are confined not only to personal savings and banks loans but their social value creation and environmental concerns open up the door to novel, unconventional and increasingly important source of public funding such as crowdfunding.
Buil-Fabregà et al. [35] establish that the relationship between the individual dynamic capabilities (IDC) of managers with their social and environmental commitment to promote sustainability is greater in cases of businesses being led by women.Vinokurova and Natalia [36] argue that despite having many accomplishments, women hold lower position in comparison with men as they are lacking in terms of academic capital and scientific power.
Social responsibility of businesses is considered to be beneficial both the society and the firm [37].Doukas, Tsiousi, Marinakis, and Psarras [38] conclude that the corporations with goals limited to the mandatory legislations achieve lower performance as compared to the ones integrating fundamental environmental practices and corporate social responsibility (CSR) concepts.To incorporate these practices into the corporate policies and structures, United Nations general assembly proposes to integrate entrepreneurship in the education curriculum and universities around the world shall be encouraged to inform students about the demands of diverse communities and the world [39].Abou-Warda [40] opines that fostering entrepreneurial education requires support from government authorities in the form of reviewing regulations on the assistance of educators and entrepreneurs in entrepreneurship teaching activities; favoring practical activities related to technology/entrepreneurship education, and sustainable market; establishing awards for teachers and students of entrepreneurial universities; and promoting positive examples of academic spin-offs.
The main purpose of thematic discussion is to identify new research directions and synthesize the main outcomes extracted from the extant literature [24].The thematic discussion of this paper is based on the research outcomes and parameters of the extant literature as exhibited in Table 3, followed by the parameters for each outcome as identified by us for the purpose of this thematic discussion.

Conceptual and Empirical
Marketing tool, Sustainability orientation, Role of Government

Innovation and Technology
Table 4 discusses social entrepreneurship from the perspective of social innovation and technology.The research on "social entrepreneurship" and "social innovation" has increased during the last decade [47].Innovation brings creative ideas into existence [42].Innovation in the context of social entrepreneurship is not only the replication of existing practices but also involves creating something new [88,89].Innovation forms part of different stages in the social entrepreneurial process [90].To provide a transaction-based approach to social innovation based on the three modes of transaction coordination and governance as identified by Powell.

Conceptual
The paper provides an integrative framework of social innovation that is firmly rooted in organization theory The paper introduces the concept of social entrepreneurship Szabo, Soltes, and Herman [48] To present a review of the literature on the relevance and the role of innovation in growth.

Conceptual
The paper identifies weak points and local strengths of innovation in the (post) crises period and it identifies the targets for the next period Technology and innovation play a significant role in social and economic development.
Innovation-led growth is increasingly place-based where entrepreneurial spirit and social innovation come together Social entrepreneurs create institutions to actualize their mission of social transformation and to carry the innovative solutions forward.The major challenge faced by social entrepreneurs includes the challenge of creating a new product or a service, creating demand for the product or even assessing the inputs or assessing the markets [91].Social entrepreneurs need to be innovative while framing their objectives in order to maintain a balance between their social and economic objectives with limited resources [92].To improve the social and environmental impact by social entrepreneurs, a Government must support and stimulate innovation in the form of funding and subsidies.Government can encourage entrepreneurial solutions by directing public policies towards innovative causes [6].
Individual entrepreneurs find new/innovative ways to create a product/ service in order to cater to some social needs to achieve sustainable development without compromising profits while conducting their activities.However, their ability to create social value must be the primary objective [93].
Local entrepreneurs lack the ability to develop necessary capabilities for innovation, product differentiation and technology improvement, and are confined to competing on low price and large volume [94].

Rural and Community Development and Urbanization
Table 5 summarizes the important literature focusing on social entrepreneurship from the perspective of rural and community development.Social entrepreneurs in rural areas face many challenges including powerful resistance from time to time while adopting new approaches to work for common and inclusive prosperity [94].Social entrepreneurs lead villagers' cooperatives and rural communities towards a clear social mission so as to improve the living conditions of underprivileged people [95].The outcome of this process of rural community development is largely dependent on the personal experiences of the social entrepreneur dealing with the challenges and obstacles [96].Success of a social entrepreneur depends on his ability to attract resources (labor and capital) and innovative ways to create social value in a competitive environment [97].Social entrepreneurial policies of the government play an important role in rural economic growth, which is dependent on allocation of research and development (R&D) resources and labor mobility by the government [98].
The amount of social value created is considered to be the main sign or characteristic of sustainable development of a region [50] therefore, the promotion of social entrepreneurship and SMEs is crucial for creating social value and, therefore, contributes towards sustainable regional development [4,54].The paper deals with re-using historic areas that provides social benefits to the community

Social, Economic and Environmental Considerations
Table 6 discusses social entrepreneurship from the perspective of triple bottom-line.The concept of triple bottom line refers to the social, economic, and environmental aspects and dimensions of sustainable development [23,99].The concept is pertinent to economic development and related fields such as finance, business, planning and real estate [100].Extant literature studies entrepreneurs focusing on environmental aspects as ecopreneurs.An ecopreneur is an individual or institution that seeks to popularize eco-friendly ideas/products/technology/innovations either through the market or non-market routes.The approach of ecopreneurship is helpful for policy makers and society at large, since there is little doubt that the transformation to sustainable development requires ecopreneurship on a grand scale [58,101].Environmental policy that aims to correct market failures or externalities, thereby impacting market forces is growing strongly [102].These ecopreneurs focus only on the environmental aspect of sustainable development but the social entrepreneurship process involves integrating economic/financial interest and social value as well.Social entrepreneurship is emerging as a sustainable solution that requires a blend of social, economic and environmental value or triple bottom line performance [103].

Women Entrepreneurs
Table 7 discusses social entrepreneurship from the perspective of women entrepreneurs.Female social entrepreneurs are characterized by a high degree of agreeableness, openness, emotional stability and conscientiousness.The attribute related to agreeableness is more significantly observed in female social entrepreneurs as compared to men [104].Women entrepreneurs reflect vision, which is the key characteristic, and improves the wealth of a nation and therefore contributes to the growth of an economy [105].Women in top management help companies to provide socially desirable products and services.Such entrepreneurs are able to create social value because of their greater social and environmental commitment [35].The qualities of women entrepreneurs include creativity, a hardworking nature, determination, ability and desire to take risk and profit earning capacity [76].Professionally qualified and technically sound women must be encouraged to manage their own business instead of being dependent on wage employment outlets [106].Microenterprises provide new sources of income for women and can be helpful in bridging the gap between the social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.They help in spreading sustainable agriculture, protecting and ensuring accessibility of clean water sources, reducing deforestation and preserving biodiversity [79].To ensure the growth of women entrepreneurs, various programs of assistance and incentives have been introduced by the government.

Financing and Crowdfunding
Table 8 discusses social entrepreneurship from the perspective of financing and crowdfunding.Crowdfunding is a new form of entrepreneurship raising money to address some social or cultural problems [72].Crowdfunding is becoming an important source of financing for social ventures.The process of crowdfunding takes place online and includes choosing an online platform to raise funds for a campaign that focuses on an initiative.Afterwards, the social entrepreneur remain active on the online platform to encourage funders or backers to fund their operations and programs.In return, the social ventures can choose the types of rewards for crowdfunders.Once the fundraising goal at the end is met the creator of the project can use the capital raised and must distribute the rewards [32].A project with many reward possibilities offers more choice as well as a greater chance of success to the funders [34].An informal form of Internet-based investor relation plays a crucial role in keeping the crowdfunders happy and informed [107].Crowdfunding websites are also used as a marketing tool by established firms with different objectives such as fundraising, creation of product ideas and direct sales.In order to succeed, a project must be appealing to potential backers while fundraising and development updates must also be provided to these backers [67].On many crowdfunding platforms, entrepreneurs provide limited and self-reported information based on which potential funders make their decisions [34].

Corporate Social Responsibility
Table 9 discusses social entrepreneurship from the perspective of corporate social responsibility.Social entrepreneurship shares common goals with sustainable development and CSR [108].Aiming to achieve the highest profitability, business often use practices which go beyond the legal requirements and have negative impacts on sustainable development as they usually end up taking unsustainable solutions [103,109].To reduce the negative impacts of decisions and activities of businesses of all sizes, CSR drives them to contribute towards social welfare [83].Although it is difficult for SMEs to compete with large-sized international corporations, they have some relative advantage in the local market because of their simple organizational structures and small size which enables them to maintain close connections with communities by responding quickly to their local needs and undertaking socially meaningful actions, thereby sustaining their competitive advantage [85].
In developing countries, companies that view CSR as an opportunity rather than a threat can contribute significantly towards sustainable development in their operating environment while also increasing their profitability, competitiveness and expansion opportunities [80].To stimulate sustainable development, CSR must be embedded in the company's strategy by using various programs such as international service learning programs [82].
While the majority of the studies have focused on environmental and ecological considerations of social entrepreneurship, very limited literature has focused on understanding the concept of social entrepreneurship.It is interesting to observe that out of the studies focused on agriculture and rural development, a considerable number comes from the developed regions.

Conclusions
This paper aimed at reviewing and consolidating the extant literature studying social entrepreneurship from the context of sustainable development.For this purpose, 173 papers were studied, classified and coded to present the discussion in a systematic way.Extant literature suggests that sustainable development is aimed at resolving the challenges such as poverty; inequality; safety etc., which are deep rooted and widespread in developing countries [29,[110][111][112].Since social entrepreneurship has largely been practiced in the developed countries so far, there is a need to increase its focus on the developing world [3].Although there exists some empirical research on the topic of social entrepreneurship and sustainable development, more empirical studies can add to our understanding of the important outcomes of social entrepreneurship [27].Further research is needed to establish a complete picture of social entrepreneurship [3].There is a need for more longitudinal and comparative researches on this emerging topic through empirical research [30].
Table 10 highlights the research gaps as explored through this study and suggests research problems for the potential researchers in the field.

Research Gaps Suggested Research Problems Relevant Studies
There is no clarity/agreement on the concept of social entrepreneurship and its components.
Visualize and measure the contribution of social entrepreneurship to specific dimension of sustainable development Nga and Shamuganathan [103]; Dixon and Clifford [58]; Moskwa, Higgins-Desbiolles, and Gifford [117]; Lange and Dodds [115]; Kraus et al. [44]; Dedeurwaerdere et al. [118] What are the barriers hindering social entrepreneurs from contributing towards sustainable development?Explore the hindrances in social entrepreneurship and suggest the role that governments can play in removing those hindrances to ensure sustainable development.In particular, government's contribution in creating social incubators and broadening the scope of entrepreneurial education may be studied and measured by the future researchers Larsson [119]; Lettice and Parekh [120]; Rahdari, Sepasi, and Moradi [22]; Steinz, Rijnsoever, and Nauta [121]; Wonglimpiyarat [5]; Pirakatheeswari [76] What role can the government play in removing these hindrances and fostering sustainable development through social entrepreneurship?
Clausen and Gyimóthy [122]; Barrutia and Echebarria [123]; Colvin et al., [124]; Delgado [50]; Wonglimpiyarat [5]; Burch [125] Why has social entrepreneurship not emerged popular in developing regions?Study the growth of social entrepreneurship and its contribution towards sustainable development in context of developing countries Picciotti [1]; García-Rodríguez et al. [80]; Shah and Saurabh [77]; Ras and Vermeulen [84]; Wonglimpiyarat [5]; Warnecke and Houndonougbo [126]; Defourny and Kim [26] As outlined in Section 1 of this paper, we considered three research questions-(a) to identify the major themes and sub-themes discussed by extant literature studying social entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable development; (b) to understand the methodological approaches employed by the extant literature; (c) to identify research gaps in the existing literature studying social entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable development and the potential focus areas for future researches in the field.
We contribute to the body of knowledge in the twin fields of social entrepreneurship and sustainable development by suggesting how social entrepreneurship can concretely help attain the goal of sustainable development.Future studies may contribute towards investigating issues that have been uncovered during this review process.First, despite the existence of a definition of social entrepreneurship, there is a need to standardize the term for bringing more clarity to the concept and explore its important components and antecedents.Second, social entrepreneurship has been focusing on the environmental dimension of sustainable development while overlooking other social dimensions.Third, while on one hand social entrepreneurs-by operating in a desirable manner-may help the cause of sustainable development, the governments also have their task cut out to help remove hindrances from the path of social entrepreneurship through policy making.It is also suggested that governments to play a lead role in creating social incubators, which hold the potential for social change.Also, by supporting and facilitating focused educational institutions to further the cause of education and research in entrepreneurship, the governments can provide a major nudge to social entrepreneurship, thereby contributing towards the cause of sustainable development.Fourth, although research in the field is emerging in developing countries but there is a lack of research on the topic in developing regions, which merit the case for attention on the topic in developing countries.
The novel contribution of the paper is to identify the major outcomes of the extant literature, namely-(a) innovation and technology adopted by the social entrepreneurs; (b) contribution of social entrepreneurs towards rural and community development and urbanization; (c) social, economic and environmental considerations of the social entrepreneurs; (d) financing and crowdfunding patterns in social entrepreneurs; (e) women entrepreneurs; and (f) corporate social responsibility performed by the social entrepreneurs for the existing and potential researchers in the field.The study suggests a research agenda for the future researchers in the field, while also highlighting the significant works that can be used by future researchers.Future researchers would do well to carry forward the research agenda suggested by this paper in order to further enrich the body of knowledge in the fields of social entrepreneurship and sustainable development.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Search and selection process.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Search and selection process.

Table 1 .
The framework for categorizing and coding the studies analyzed

Table 1 .
The framework for categorizing and coding the studies analyzed.

Table 3 .
Research outcomes and parameters.

Table 4 .
Innovation and technology.

Table 5 .
Rural and community development and urbanization.

Table 6 .
Social, economic and environmental considerations.

Table 10 .
Research gaps and suggested research problems.