Studies on Crop Yields and Their Extreme Value Analysis over India
1
Atmospheric Science Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamilnadu 603203, India
2
Laboratory for Analyzing and Processing Satellite Images, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-900, Brazil
3
Centre for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2019, 11(17), 4657; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174657
Received: 6 June 2019 / Revised: 2 August 2019 / Accepted: 9 August 2019 / Published: 27 August 2019
Trends of rice, wheat, maize, sorghum (jowar) and pearl millet (bazra) yields of India are studied in relation to water irrigation for the period 1951 to 2012. These crop yields have been subjected to correlation with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), obtained from NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (for 1982 to 2000) and Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra (for 2001 to 2012) to understand the linear association among them. Crop products and food inadequacy in percentage along with the average food production rate, available from FAO have been used in the present study. The present study mainly focuses on the estimation of return values of crop yields for different periods using Gumbell Extreme Value analysis. The present study is very important in the context of increased global food demands by 2050 where in many studies report that food production to be doubled by the year 2050 to meet the demands of increasing population. The main results of the study are: (i) significant positive correlations between NDVI and the crop yields during the study period; (ii) rice, maize and jowar yields did not show the required incremental rate while wheat and bajra yields are able to meet the expectations by the 2050. More efforts require to an increase of additional ~8% in the rice yields as the present growth is only ~12% and ought to be enhanced to ~20%.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lakshmi Kumar, T.V.; Barbosa, H.; Madhu, S.; Koteswara Rao, K. Studies on Crop Yields and Their Extreme Value Analysis over India. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4657. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174657
AMA Style
Lakshmi Kumar TV, Barbosa H, Madhu S, Koteswara Rao K. Studies on Crop Yields and Their Extreme Value Analysis over India. Sustainability. 2019; 11(17):4657. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174657
Chicago/Turabian StyleLakshmi Kumar, T. V., Humberto Barbosa, S. Madhu, and K. Koteswara Rao 2019. "Studies on Crop Yields and Their Extreme Value Analysis over India" Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4657. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174657
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