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Energies
Volume 18
Issue 23
10.3390/en18236284
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Improvement of CPS in High-Proportion New-Energy Power System and Practical Application

by
Zhen Huang
1,
Wenbo Yang
2,
Lei Chen
2,
Kaiyuan Hou
1,
Deming Xia
1,
Fei Xu
2,
Yong Min
2 and
Ziye Zhou
3,*
1
Northeast Branch of State Grid Corporation of China, Shenyang 110180, China
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3
School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6284; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236284 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 18 October 2025 / Revised: 23 November 2025 / Accepted: 27 November 2025 / Published: 29 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Distributed Control of Electrical Power Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

With the integration of high-penetration new energy, the increasing disparities in power source structures across interconnected power system control areas have become prominent. In some control areas, the growing share of new energy and reduced conventional generation units lead to higher frequency regulation demands but diminished control capabilities. The traditional control performance standard (CPS) under tie-line power and frequency bias control (TBC) mode defines evaluation thresholds using frequency deviation coefficients, but fails to account for the impact of the actual power source structures in different control areas. This inadequacy becomes increasingly evident in the new-energy-dominated power systems. This study first analyzes the assumptions and principles of existing CPS, revealing its limitations in high-proportion new-energy systems. Subsequently, the concept of inherent area control error (ACE) standard deviation is proposed to determine evaluation thresholds, forming an improved CPS methodology. Finally, the case studies show that the refined approach ensures greater fairness and rationality compared with the original CPS.
Keywords: secondary frequency modulation; CPS; inherent ACE standard deviation; new energy; evaluation threshold secondary frequency modulation; CPS; inherent ACE standard deviation; new energy; evaluation threshold

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MDPI and ACS Style

Huang, Z.; Yang, W.; Chen, L.; Hou, K.; Xia, D.; Xu, F.; Min, Y.; Zhou, Z. Improvement of CPS in High-Proportion New-Energy Power System and Practical Application. Energies 2025, 18, 6284. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236284

AMA Style

Huang Z, Yang W, Chen L, Hou K, Xia D, Xu F, Min Y, Zhou Z. Improvement of CPS in High-Proportion New-Energy Power System and Practical Application. Energies. 2025; 18(23):6284. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236284

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huang, Zhen, Wenbo Yang, Lei Chen, Kaiyuan Hou, Deming Xia, Fei Xu, Yong Min, and Ziye Zhou. 2025. "Improvement of CPS in High-Proportion New-Energy Power System and Practical Application" Energies 18, no. 23: 6284. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236284

APA Style

Huang, Z., Yang, W., Chen, L., Hou, K., Xia, D., Xu, F., Min, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2025). Improvement of CPS in High-Proportion New-Energy Power System and Practical Application. Energies, 18(23), 6284. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236284

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