Behavioral and Biochemical Evaluation of Anti-Depressive and Oxidative Stress-Ameliorating Effects of Amber Extract in Adult Male ICR Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Amber Extract and Other Reagents
2.2. Animals
2.3. Sample Collection
2.4. Tissue Homogenization and Protein Quantification
2.5. Tail Suspension Test (TST)
2.6. Determination of the Levels of Hormones and Neurotransmitters
2.7. Determination of Oxidative Stress Parameters
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Amber Treatment Did Not Affect the Body Weight of Mice
3.2. Amber Supplementation Showed Antidepressant Effect in Tail-Suspended Mice
3.3. Amber Positively Regulated Hormones in the HPA Axis System
3.4. Amber Treatment Positively Controlled Antidepressant Hormones
3.5. Amber Ameliorated Oxidative Stress in Mice
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Somuah-Asante, S.; Othman, M.B.; Takeda, R.; Okazaki, K.; Sekita, M.; Sakamoto, K. Behavioral and Biochemical Evaluation of Anti-Depressive and Oxidative Stress-Ameliorating Effects of Amber Extract in Adult Male ICR Mice. Nutraceuticals 2023, 3, 222-230. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3020017
Somuah-Asante S, Othman MB, Takeda R, Okazaki K, Sekita M, Sakamoto K. Behavioral and Biochemical Evaluation of Anti-Depressive and Oxidative Stress-Ameliorating Effects of Amber Extract in Adult Male ICR Mice. Nutraceuticals. 2023; 3(2):222-230. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3020017
Chicago/Turabian StyleSomuah-Asante, Sandra, Mahmoud Ben Othman, Reiko Takeda, Kazuma Okazaki, Marie Sekita, and Kazuichi Sakamoto. 2023. "Behavioral and Biochemical Evaluation of Anti-Depressive and Oxidative Stress-Ameliorating Effects of Amber Extract in Adult Male ICR Mice" Nutraceuticals 3, no. 2: 222-230. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3020017
APA StyleSomuah-Asante, S., Othman, M. B., Takeda, R., Okazaki, K., Sekita, M., & Sakamoto, K. (2023). Behavioral and Biochemical Evaluation of Anti-Depressive and Oxidative Stress-Ameliorating Effects of Amber Extract in Adult Male ICR Mice. Nutraceuticals, 3(2), 222-230. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3020017