Experiences of Assistive Products and Home Care among Older Clients with and without Dementia in Sweden
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design Overview
2.2. Setting and Sample
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Variables
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Discussion of Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Question 1 (Source) | Response Options |
---|---|---|
Age | (National Patient Register) | Age in years |
Sex | (National Patient Register) | 1 = Man, 2 = Woman |
Dementia | (National Patient Register: ICD−10 codes F00-F03; medication code N06D) | 0 = No dementia, 1 = Dementia |
Health | How do you judge your general health status? | 1 = Very good, 2 = Quite good, 3 = Fair, 4 = Quite poor, 5 = Very poor |
Living situation | Do you live together with another adult? | 1 = Yes, 2 = No |
Anxiety | Are you bothered by anxiety, worry or anguish? | 1 = No, 2 = Yes, slightly, 3 = Yes, severely |
Safety | How safe or unsafe do you feel living at home with home care service? | 1 = Very safe, 2 = Quite safe, 3 = Neither safe nor unsafe, 4 = Quite unsafe, 5 = Very unsafe |
Loneliness | Does it happen that you are bothered by loneliness? | 1 = Yes, often, 2 = Yes, now and then, 3 = No |
Respect | Do the personnel consider your opinions and wishes regarding how the assistance should be performed? | 1 = Yes, always, 2 = Most of the time, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Seldom, 5 = No, never |
Treatment | Do the personnel treat you well? | 1 = Yes, always, 2 = Most of the time, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Seldom, 5 = No, never |
Participation | Did you get an opportunity to participate in the selection of the assistive product(s)? | 1 = Yes, 2 = Partly, 3 = No |
Use | Do you use any assistive product that you have got prescribed by the municipality or county? | 1 = Seeing and reading (spectacles is not a prescribed assistive product), 2 = Hearing, 3 = Communicating, 4 = Mobility, 5 = Hygiene, 6 = Remembering, 7 = Other prescribed assistive product, 8 = No |
Facilitation | Does/Do your assistive product(s) facilitate your daily life? | 1 = Yes, 2 = Partly, 3 = No |
Proxy | Who were involved in answering the questionnaire? | 1 = Homecare client, 2 = Proxy (relative, friend, personnel, etc.) |
Safety alarm | (National Register on Care and Services for the Elderly and Persons with Impairments) | 0 = No, 1 = Yes |
Background Variable | People with Dementia | People without Dementia | Total | CI of Difference (Column 2 vs. 3) * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number (% of total) | 7,988 (8.9%) | 81,823 (91.1%) | 89,811 (100%) | |
Age (mean) | 82.8 | 83.7 | 83.7 | (−1.06, −0.77) |
Sex (Women %) | 64.8% | 66.9% | 66.7% | (−0.03, −0.01) |
Prevalence of assistive product use | 83.7% | 88.6% | 88.2% | |
Self-rated health status (Quite or very poor) | 27.3% | 23.3% | 23.6% | (0.03, 0.05) |
Living alone | 63.0% | 76.9% | 75.6% | (−0.15, −0.13) |
Proxy responses | 65.4% | 39.6% | 42.0% | (0.25, 0.27) |
Use of assistive product for | ||||
seeing and reading | 2.6% | 5.0% | 4.8% | (−0.03, −0.02) |
hearing | 18.3% | 20.5% | 20.0% | (−0.03, −0.01) |
communicating | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | (−0.002, 0.003) |
mobility | 68.4% | 80.0% | 79.0% | (−0.13, −0.12) |
hygiene | 61.8% | 65.8% | 65.5% | (−0.05, −0.03) |
remembering | 22.7% | 7.3% | 8.7% | (0.14, 0.16) |
Other prescribed assistive product | 4.9% | 4.9% | 4.9% | (−0.01, 0.01) |
Safety alarm | 61.9% | 67.3% | 66.9% | (−0.07, −0.04) |
Outcomes | Covariates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age For Each Year Above 65 | Sex Women vs. Men | Health Poor vs. Good | Dementia With vs. Without | Living Alone vs. With Someone | |
Use of assistive product for | |||||
seeing and reading | 1.05 *** (1.05, 1.06) | 1.27 *** (1.18, 1.37) | 1.23 *** (1.14, 1.33) | 0.56 *** (0.48, 0.65) | 1.16 *** (1.06, 1.27) |
hearing | 1.09 *** (1.09, 1.09) | 0.90 *** (0.86, 0.93) | 1.08 *** (1.04, 1.13) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.07) |
communicating | 1.04 *** (1.03, 1.05) | 0.77 *** (0.67, 0.89) | 1.73 *** (1.49, 2.00) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.29) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.20) |
mobility | 1.03 *** (1.03, 1.04) | 1.45 *** (1.40, 1.50) | 2.05 *** (1.96, 2.15) | 0.53 *** (0.50, 0.56) | 0.94 ** (0.90, 0.98) |
hygiene | 1.02 *** (1.02, 1.02) | 1.42 *** (1.38, 1.47) | 1.86 *** (1.79, 1.93) | 0.81 *** (0.77, 0.85) | 0.84 *** (0.81, 0.87) |
remembering | 1.03 *** (1.03, 1.04) | 1.12 *** (1.06, 1.19) | 1.20 *** (1.13, 1.27) | 4.30 *** (4.04, 4.58) | 2.05 *** (1.91, 2.21) |
Other prescribed assistive product | 0.99 *** (0.98, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 1.34 *** (1.24, 1.43) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.10) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) |
At least one assistive product | 1.04 *** (1.04, 1.04) | 1.51 *** (1.44, 1.58) | 2.30 *** (2.16, 2.45) | 0.65 *** (0.60, 0.69) | 0.92 *** (0.87, 0.96) |
Participation in selecting assistive product(s) 2 | 0.99 * (0.99, 1.00) | 1.17 *** (1.10, 1.25) | 0.89 *** (0.83, 0.95) | 0.80 *** (0.73, 0.88) | 0.80 *** (0.75, 0.86) |
Safety alarm | 1.03 *** (1.03, 1.04) | 1.17 *** (1.13, 1.20) | 1.11 *** (1.07, 1.15) | 0.84 *** (0.80, 0.88) | 1.37 *** (1.32, 1.41) |
Cumulative Odds Ratio (COR, In Inverse Scale *) From the Model For | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariate | Anxiety Yes vs. No | Safety Unsafe vs. Safe | Loneliness No vs. Yes | Respect No vs. Yes | Treatment No vs. Yes | Facilitation No vs. Yes |
Dementia (Ref. no dementia) | 1.28 (1.21, 1.34) | 1.14 (1.08, 1.20) | 0.73 (0.69, 0.76) | 1.14 (1.08, 1.20) | 1.06 ns (0.996, 1.12) | 1.24 (1.14, 1.34) |
Sex (Woman) (Ref. Man) | 1.46 (1.41, 1.51) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.11) | 0.85 (0.83, 0.88) | 0.99 ns (0.96, 1.02) | 1.04 ns (0.999, 1.08) | 0.87 (0.83, 0.92) |
Age (Years −65) | 0.98 (0.98, 0.98) | 1.01 (1.01, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.996, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 0.998) | 0.98 (0.98, 0.98) | 0.99 (0.99, 0.99) |
Proxy response (Ref. self-response) | 1.50 (1.45, 1.55) | 1.40 (1.35, 1.45) | 0.27 (0.26, 0.28) | 1.44 (1.39, 1.48) | 1.57 (1.51, 1.64) | 1.01 ns (0.96, 1.06) |
Living alone (Ref. Living not alone) | 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) | 2.69 (2.60, 2.79) | 0.40 (0.39, 0.42) | 1.41 (1.36, 1.46) | 2.07 (2.00, 2.15) | 1.01 ns (0.95, 1.07) |
Poor health (Ref. Good or OK) | 4.13 (3.98, 4.28) | 1.09 (1.03, 1.14) | 0.85 (0.81, 0.90) | 1.94 (1.88, 2.01) | 1.42 (1.34, 1.51) | 1.87 (1.78, 1.97) |
Use of assistive product(s) (Ref. No use) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.13) | 1.16 (1.12, 1.19) | 0.61 (0.59, 0.63) | 1.22 (1.16, 1.28) | 1.51 (1.45, 1.56) | - |
Safety alarm (Ref. No alarm) | 1.02 ns (0.99, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | - | - | - | - |
Participation (Ref. Yes): Partly | - | - | - | - | - | 2.78 (2.64, 2.93) |
No | - | - | - | - | - | 3.05 (2.82, 3.30) |
Deviance (N) | 116,100.9 (68,971) | 141,591.1 (65,095) | 126,426.8 (67,342) | 143,432.1 (67,471) | 92,215.1 (70,101) | 46,491.1 (54,754) |
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Borg, J.; Alam, M.; Boström, A.-M.; Marmstål Hammar, L. Experiences of Assistive Products and Home Care among Older Clients with and without Dementia in Sweden. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912350
Borg J, Alam M, Boström A-M, Marmstål Hammar L. Experiences of Assistive Products and Home Care among Older Clients with and without Dementia in Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912350
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorg, Johan, Moudud Alam, Anne-Marie Boström, and Lena Marmstål Hammar. 2022. "Experiences of Assistive Products and Home Care among Older Clients with and without Dementia in Sweden" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912350
APA StyleBorg, J., Alam, M., Boström, A.-M., & Marmstål Hammar, L. (2022). Experiences of Assistive Products and Home Care among Older Clients with and without Dementia in Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912350