CANDID [112] | Semi-structured interview to service users, their informal carers and staff | >16 | People using community mental health services | It was developed by modifying the Camberwell assessment of need to make its content relevant to adults with learning disabilities and mental health problems. It aims to assess the needs of people who may require community care | Twenty-five domains, including basic needs (accommodation, food, public transportation, money and benefits); self-care/functional needs (self-care and daytime activities); health/safety needs (physical health, psychological distress, psychotic symptoms, safety); and social needs (company, intimate relationships and sexual expression) | Three-levels: no need/no serious problem, met need/moderate problem due to help given, and unmet need/serious problem | Test-retest: ICC = 0.69 to 0.86 Interrater: ICC = 0.93–0.97 Criterion validity: GAF |
CANS [89,91] | Clinician reported questionnaire | >16 | Brain injury | It assesses the support needs for everyday activities and community living of people with brain injury | Four domains: special needs, basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and informational and emotional supports | Section 1: items are endorsed if a support need is present. Section 2: from 0 = does not need contact to 7 = cannot be left alone | Test-retest: ICC = 0.98 Interrater: ICC = 0.93–0.96 Concurrent validity with Craig handicap and assessment reporting technique |
I-CAN [19,41,69,70,71] | Semi-structured interview to service users, their informal carers and staff | >16 | Developmental, genetic or acquired disabilities | It proposes a system to identifying and classifying support needs of people with disabilities based on the conceptual framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health | Health and wellbeing: physical health, mental and emotional health, behavior of concern, health and support services; and activities and participation: applying knowledge, general tasks and demands, communication, self-care and domestic life, mobility, interpersonal interactions, life-long learning, and community social and civic life | Qualitative fields (‘I can… Goals… My Support Needs’), and quantitative fields scoring 0–5-point Likert scales regarding frequency and level of support | Cronbach alpha: 0.83 to 0.93 Internal consistency: ICC = 0.91–0.98 Test-retest: ICC = 0.94 Interrater: ICC = 0.96 Criterion validity: daytime support (0.40), 24 h support (0.27) and ICAP |
NC-SNAP [59] | Stuff reported questionnaire | >16 | Diverse disabilities | It measures the level or intensity of a person’s needs. It has been a statewide resource allocation as an alternative to the use of adaptive behavior scales | Three domains: daily living, health care, and behavioral | 5-level scale (essentially independent to receive specialized assistance 24 h/day) | Internal consistency: ICC = 0.91 Test-retest: 0.82–0.93 Interrater: 0.84–0.88 Criterion validity: ICAP, DDP |
PCANS [88] | Clinician reported questionnaire | 5–17 | Brain injury | Adapted from the CANS, it is a measure of support needs for children with brain injury, in terms of type and level of support need. | Four domains: special needs, basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and informational and emotional supports | Section 1: items are endorsed if a support need is present. Section 2: from 0 = does not need contact to 7 = cannot be left alone | Test-retest: ICC = 0.98 Interrater: ICC = 0.93–0.96 Criterion validity with VABS, Wee-FIM, and KOSCHI |
SIS [39,40,42,45,46,60,63,64,66,77,78,80,81,85,87,94,95,99,100,101] | Semi-structured interview to service users, their informal carers and staff | >16 | Intellectual and developmental disabilities | It assesses the support needs that an adult with an intellectual disability needs to perform the activities of daily living | Home, community, employment, lifelong learning, health and safety, social activities, protection and advocacy, exceptional medical and behavioral support needs | Likert scale according to type of support (0–4, total physical support), frequency of support (0–4, always) and daily time (0–4, more than four hours per day) | Internal consistency: 0.44 to 0.91 Test-retest: 0.84–0.93 Interrater: 0.30–0.98 Criterion validity: ICAP, DDP, SNAP (see Appendix B) |
SIS-C [31,32,33,37,52,53,56,76,77,78,82,83,96,97,104,105,106] | Semi-structured interview to informal carers and staff | 5–16 | Intellectual and developmental disabilities | It assesses the support needs that a child or adolescent with an intellectual disability needs to perform the activities of daily living | Home, community, school participation, school learning, health and safety, social activities, protection and advocacy, exceptional medical and behavioral support needs | Likert scale according to type of support (0–4, total physical support), frequency of support (0–4, always) and daily time (0–4, more than four hours per day) | Internal consistency: 0.83–0.94 Criterion validity: ARC-INICO Construct validity: 7 dimension and 3 correlated methods (see Appendix B) |
SNAP [54,55] | Clinician reported questionnaire | >16 | Diverse disabilities | It measures individual functional needs in areas of daily living. It produces a support profile, detailing the time allocations for staff support to assist in each area of need | Personal care, physical health, behavior support, night support, and social support | Scale from 1 (totally independent or no support required) to 5 (totally dependent on staff support) | Test-retest: 0.86–0.97 Interrater: ICC = 0.61–0.91 Concurrent validity with SIS, ICAP |
SNQ [48] | Clinician reported questionnaire | 24–76 | Mental illness | It measures the support that people with severe mental illness need as a route to social inclusion | Community presence, community participation, choice and control, social roles and respect, skills and competencies, finance, and physical and mental health | Likert seven-point scales ranging from “No help” to “A great deal of help”. Physical and mental scales are scored by frequency on a seven-point scale (never to always) | Internal consistency: 0.48–0.84 Test-retest: 0.92 Criterion validity: MAC-2 |