Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Experimental Tests
3.2. Statistical Elaboration
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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E-Cig Generation | E-Cig Types | Liquid Characteristics | Resistance (Ω), Voltage (V), Wattage (W) Conditions | E-Cig Code |
---|---|---|---|---|
First | Young Category®, an e-cig with disposable filter, integrated atomizer and cotton already soaked in liquid | Liquidwithout nicotine | * | 1e-cig_noN |
Liquidwith a nicotine at 24 mg mL−1 | * | 1e-cig_N | ||
Second | Smooke®, an e-cig consisting of a high capacity rechargeable battery, with a separate tank | Flavourart Dark Vapure Heaven Juice® without nicotine | * | 2e-cig_noN |
Flavourart Dark Vapure Heaven Juice® with nicotine at 18 mg mL−1 | * | 2e-cig_N | ||
Third | JustFog Q16 Kit®, consisting of a JustFog J-Easy 9® battery and a JustFog Q 16® atomizer (1.6 Ohm). The battery has a capacity of 900 mAh and allows the regulation of the voltage, from 3.4 V to 4.8 V | Dea Velvet® without nicotine | 1.6Ω, 3.4V | 3e-cig_1.6Ω-3.4V_noN |
1.6Ω, 4.8V | 3e-cig_1.6Ω-4.8V_noN | |||
DeaFlavour Lady In Black® with nicotine at 9 mg mL−1 | 1.6Ω, 3.4V | 3e-cig_1.6Ω-3.4V_N | ||
1.6Ω, 4.8V | 3e-cig_1.6Ω-4.8V_N | |||
Fourth | G 150 Smok Kit® equipped with V8 Baby-Q2 Smok atomizer® (0.15 and 0.4 Ohm). The battery capacity was equal to 4200 mAh, the wattage variable from 1 to 150 W, and the resistance between 0.1 and 3 Ohms | Pacha Mama—Mango Pitaya Ananas® without nicotine | 0.15Ω, 25W | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-25W_noN |
0.4Ω, 55W | 4e-cig_0.4Ω-55W_noN | |||
0.4Ω, 80W | 4e-cig_0.4Ω-80W_noN | |||
0.15Ω, 50W | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-50W_noN | |||
0.15Ω, 100W | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-100W_noN | |||
0.15Ω, 150W | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-150W_noN | |||
SmookeKannel® with nicotine at 9 mg mL−1 | 0.15Ω, 25W | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-25W_N | ||
0.4Ω, 55W | 4e-cig_0.4Ω-55W_N | |||
0.4Ω, 80W | 4e-cig_0.4Ω-80W_N | |||
0.15Ω, 50W | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-50W_N | |||
0.15Ω, 100W | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-100W_N | |||
0.15Ω, 150W | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-150W_N |
E-cig Code | Before Vaping Session | During Vaping Session | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AM [SD] | Median [IQR] | AM [SD] | Median [IQR] | ||
1e-cig_noN | 41.27 [19.09] | 38.00 [9.00] | 79.69 [80.13] | 64.00 [12.00] | <0.001 |
1e-cig_N | 43.86 [18.75] | 36.00 [8.00] | 105.52 [117.10] | 89.00 [10.00] | <0.001 |
2e-cig_noN | 21.34 [7.67] | 19.00 [4.00] | 534.00 [1266.88] | 34.50 [309.00] | <0.001 |
2e-cig_N | 18.33 [6.74] | 18.00 [2.00] | 3428.85 [5857.54] | 648.00 [4256.00] | <0.001 |
3e-cig_1.6Ω-3.4V_noN | 21.56 [6.31] | 21.00 [7.00] | 789.48 [2300.46] | 36.00 [192.00] | <0.001 |
3e-cig_1.6Ω-3.4V_N | 26.22 [6.58] | 25.00 [3.00] | 54.39 [179.23] | 17.00 [22.00] | <0.001 |
3e-cig_1.6Ω-4.8V_noN | 21.45 [6.75] | 19.00 [7.00] | 522.29 [1729.70] | 43.00 [99.00] | <0.001 |
3e-cig_1.6Ω-4.8V_N | 26.22 [13.58] | 25.00 [11.00] | 1005.81 [4405.06] | 22.00 [297.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.15Ω-25W_noN | 20.96 [2.74] | 20.00 [1.00] | 384.53 [1327.67] | 39.00 [99.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.15Ω-25W_N | 35.44 [6.32] | 34.00 [2.00] | 963.24 [4605.46] | 41.00 [96.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.4Ω-55W_noN | 31.67 [8.79] | 28.00 [5.00] | 74.50 [40.70] | 61.00 [29.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.4Ω-55W_N | 43.87 [6.23] | 43.00 [4.00] | 472.93 [1181.44] | 66.00 [322.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.4Ω-80W_noN | 35.44 [6.32] | 34.00 [2.00] | 2238.34 [3931.00] | 603.00 [2414.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.4Ω-80W_N | 41.66 [7.36] | 39.00 [6.00] | 14,887.00 [25,725.24] | 3475.00 [19,658.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.15Ω-50W_noN | 41.27 [19.09] | 38.00 [9.00] | 177.69 [80.61] | 144.00 [109.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.15Ω-50W_N | 43.55 [7.725] | 41.00 [7.00] | 5949.16 [15,452.17] | 766.00 [2483.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.15Ω-100W_noN | 39.28 [17.21] | 34.00 [7.00] | 5637.34 [19,136.38] | 732.00 [1769.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.15Ω-100W_N | 43.55 [7.73] | 41.00 [7.00] | 2572.72 [4301.85] | 1610.00 [1292.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.15Ω-150W_noN | 41.27 [19.09] | 38.00 [9.00] | 12,925.34 [31,590.92] | 136.00 [4619.00] | <0.001 |
4e-cig_0.15Ω-150W_N | 44.67 [8.59] | 40.00 [5.00] | 14,640.47 [32,776.91] | 2895.00 [4373.00] | <0.001 |
E-Cig Code | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1e-cig_noN | * | ns | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
2 | 1e-cig_N | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
3 | 2e-cig_noN | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
4 | 2e-cig_N | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||
5 | 3e-cig_1.6Ω-3.4V_N | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||||
6 | 3e-cig_1.6Ω-3.4V_noN | ns | * | * | ns | ns | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||||
7 | 3e-cig_1.6Ω-4.8V_noN | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||||||
8 | 3e-cig_1.6Ω-4.8V_N | ns | ns | ns | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||||||
9 | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-25W_noN | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||||||||
10 | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-25W_N | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||||||||
11 | 4e-cig_0.4Ω-55W_noN | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||
12 | 4e-cig_0.4Ω-55W_N | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||||||||||
13 | 4e-cig_0.4Ω-80W_noN | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
14 | 4e-cig_0.4Ω-80W_N | * | * | * | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
15 | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-50W_noN | * | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||
16 | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-50W_N | * | * | * | * | |||||||||||||||
17 | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-100W_noN | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||||
18 | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-100W_N | * | * | |||||||||||||||||
19 | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-150W_noN | * | ||||||||||||||||||
20 | 4e-cig_0.15Ω-150W_N |
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Protano, C.; Avino, P.; Manigrasso, M.; Vivaldi, V.; Perna, F.; Valeriani, F.; Vitali, M. Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102172
Protano C, Avino P, Manigrasso M, Vivaldi V, Perna F, Valeriani F, Vitali M. Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(10):2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102172
Chicago/Turabian StyleProtano, Carmela, Pasquale Avino, Maurizio Manigrasso, Valerio Vivaldi, Franco Perna, Federica Valeriani, and Matteo Vitali. 2018. "Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102172
APA StyleProtano, C., Avino, P., Manigrasso, M., Vivaldi, V., Perna, F., Valeriani, F., & Vitali, M. (2018). Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102172