Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Temperature Elicited Reduced Food Consumption Increased C. virescens Bt Susceptibility
2.2. Temperature Elicited Reduced Food Consumption Rate Increased H. zea Bt Susceptibility
2.3. Development of Methodology to Identify Naturally Occurring Slow and Fast Feeding H. zea Neonates
2.4. Impact of Feeding Rate at a Constant Temperature on Susceptibility to MVPII Cry1Ac
2.5. Differences in Feeding Rates between Bt Susceptible and Bt Resistant Caterpillar Strains on Non-Bt Artificial Diet
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Insects
4.2. Feeding Rate and Bt Susceptibility in Caterpillars Reared at Different Temperatures
4.3. Bollworm MVPII Cry1Ac Bt Toxin Susceptibility in Slow and Fast Feeders
4.4. Fecal Production Rate for Bt Susceptible versus Resistant Caterpillars
4.5. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insect | Treatment | Number of Fecal Pellets ± SEM (n) a | Percentage Mortality ± SEM (n) b | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 °C | 20 °C | 30 °C | 20 °C | ||
C. virescens | No Bt | 64.89 ± 4.25 (48)A | 27.33 ± 2.06 (48)B | 3.39 ± 2.04 (8)a | 4.69 ± 2.28 (8)a |
MVPII | 35.35 ± 3.73 (48)A | 9.95 ± 1.36 (48)B | 35.94 ± 3.68 (8)a | 62.50 ± 3.34 (8)b | |
H. zea | No Bt | 76.75 ± 4.91 (48)A | 33.08 ± 2.12 (48)B | 3.33 ± 3.33 (5)a | 6.60 ± 4.03 (5)a |
MVPII | 34.44 ± 2.78 (48)A | 8.27 ± 0.59 (48)B | 52.33 ± 3.33 (5)a | 73.33 ± 3.12 (5)b |
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Dhammi, A.; van Krestchmar, J.B.; Zhu, J.; Ponnusamy, L.; Gould, F.; Reisig, D.; Kurtz, R.W.; Roe, R.M. Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314856
Dhammi A, van Krestchmar JB, Zhu J, Ponnusamy L, Gould F, Reisig D, Kurtz RW, Roe RM. Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):14856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314856
Chicago/Turabian StyleDhammi, Anirudh, Jaap B. van Krestchmar, Jiwei Zhu, Loganathan Ponnusamy, Fred Gould, Dominic Reisig, Ryan W. Kurtz, and R. Michael Roe. 2022. "Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 14856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314856