The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury

Hsieh, Ming-Chun; Hsiao, Po-Jen; Liao, Min-Tser; Hou, Yi-Chou; Chang, Ya-Chieh; Chiang, Wen-Fang; Wu, Kun-Lin; Chan, Jenq-Shyong; Lu, Kuo-Cheng

doi:10.3390/ijms23137368

Open AccessReview

The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury

by

Ming-Chun Hsieh

¹

,

Po-Jen Hsiao

^2,3,4,5,6,*

,

Min-Tser Liao

^5,7,8,

Yi-Chou Hou

⁹,

Ya-Chieh Chang

^2,3,

Wen-Fang Chiang

^2,3

,

Kun-Lin Wu

^2,3,

Jenq-Shyong Chan

^2,3 and

Kuo-Cheng Lu

^3,10,11,*

¹

Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 235, Taiwan

²

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 235, Taiwan

³

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan

⁴

Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan

⁵

School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan

⁶

Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

⁷

Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan

⁸

Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan

⁹

Department of Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan

¹⁰

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan

¹¹

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7368; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137368

Submission received: 15 June 2022 / Revised: 30 June 2022 / Accepted: 30 June 2022 / Published: 1 July 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Vitamin D in Human Health and Diseases 2.0)

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Abstract

Vitamin D has been described as an essential nutrient and hormone, which can cause nuclear, non-genomic, and mitochondrial effects. Vitamin D not only controls the transcription of thousands of genes, directly or indirectly through the modulation of calcium fluxes, but it also influences the cell metabolism and maintenance specific nuclear programs. Given its broad spectrum of activity and multiple molecular targets, a deficiency of vitamin D can be involved in many pathologies. Vitamin D deficiency also influences mortality and multiple outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Active and native vitamin D serum levels are also decreased in critically ill patients and are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and in-hospital mortality. In addition to regulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D-related mechanisms regulate adaptive and innate immunity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have a role in excessive proinflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine release, which contribute to alveolar and full-body endothelial damage. AKI is one of the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are also some correlations between the vitamin D level and COVID-19 severity via several pathways. Proper vitamin D supplementation may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for AKI and has the benefits of low cost and low risk of toxicity and side effects.

Keywords: vitamin D deficiency; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory effects; acute kidney injury; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hsieh, M.-C.; Hsiao, P.-J.; Liao, M.-T.; Hou, Y.-C.; Chang, Y.-C.; Chiang, W.-F.; Wu, K.-L.; Chan, J.-S.; Lu, K.-C. The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 7368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137368

AMA Style

Hsieh M-C, Hsiao P-J, Liao M-T, Hou Y-C, Chang Y-C, Chiang W-F, Wu K-L, Chan J-S, Lu K-C. The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(13):7368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137368

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hsieh, Ming-Chun, Po-Jen Hsiao, Min-Tser Liao, Yi-Chou Hou, Ya-Chieh Chang, Wen-Fang Chiang, Kun-Lin Wu, Jenq-Shyong Chan, and Kuo-Cheng Lu. 2022. "The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13: 7368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137368

APA Style

Hsieh, M.-C., Hsiao, P.-J., Liao, M.-T., Hou, Y.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Chiang, W.-F., Wu, K.-L., Chan, J.-S., & Lu, K.-C. (2022). The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(13), 7368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137368

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The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury

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