Beta Cell Imaging—From Pre-Clinical Validation to First in Man Testing
1
Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
2
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
3
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
4
ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(19), 7274; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197274
Received: 19 August 2020
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Revised: 21 September 2020
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Accepted: 28 September 2020
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Published: 1 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Molecular Imaging in Understanding Metabolic Disease)
There are presently no reliable ways to quantify human pancreatic beta cell mass (BCM) in vivo, which prevents an accurate understanding of the progressive beta cell loss in diabetes or following islet transplantation. Furthermore, the lack of beta cell imaging hampers the evaluation of the impact of new drugs aiming to prevent beta cell loss or to restore BCM in diabetes. We presently discuss the potential value of BCM determination as a cornerstone for individualized therapies in diabetes, describe the presently available probes for human BCM evaluation, and discuss our approach for the discovery of novel beta cell biomarkers, based on the determination of specific splice variants present in human beta cells. This has already led to the identification of DPP6 and FXYD2γa as two promising targets for human BCM imaging, and is followed by a discussion of potential safety issues, the role for radiochemistry in the improvement of BCM imaging, and concludes with an overview of the different steps from pre-clinical validation to a first-in-man trial for novel tracers.
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Keywords:
beta cell imaging; MRI; pancreas; PET; pre-clinical validation; radiochemistry; SPECT; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes
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MDPI and ACS Style
Demine, S.; Schulte, M.L.; Territo, P.R.; Eizirik, D.L. Beta Cell Imaging—From Pre-Clinical Validation to First in Man Testing. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197274
AMA Style
Demine S, Schulte ML, Territo PR, Eizirik DL. Beta Cell Imaging—From Pre-Clinical Validation to First in Man Testing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(19):7274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197274
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemine, Stephane, Michael L. Schulte, Paul R. Territo, and Decio L. Eizirik. 2020. "Beta Cell Imaging—From Pre-Clinical Validation to First in Man Testing" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19: 7274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197274
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