Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Plant Extract of Acer oblongifolium and Study of Its Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activity via Mathematical Approaches

In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized with the aqueous plant extract of Acer oblongifolium leaves were defined using a simplistic, environmentally friendly, reliable, and cost-effective method. The aqueous plant extract of Acer oblongifolium, which served as a capping and reducing agent, was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. UV visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the biosynthesized Acer oblongifolium silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) were used to test the AgNPs’ antibacterial activity. The presence of different functional groups was determined by FTIR. The AgNPs were rod-like in shape. The nanoparticles were more toxic against Escherichia coli than both Bacillus cereus and Bacillus paramycoides. The AgNPs had IC50 values of 6.22 and 9.43 and mg/mL on HeLa and MCF-7, respectively, proving their comparatively strong potency against MCF-7. This confirmed that silver nanoparticles had strong antibacterial activity and antiproliferative ability against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. The mathematical modeling revealed that the pure nanoparticle had a high heat-absorbing capacity compared to the mixed nanoparticle. This research demonstrated that the biosynthesized Acer oblongifolium AgNPs could be used as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agent in the future.


Introduction
Nanotechnology has burgeoned as one of the most exciting and vast fields of study, with great opportunities [1]. Owing to the idiosyncratic properties of nanoparticles, including the high ratio of surface area to volume and magnetic, mechanical, optical, and chemical blight, a contagious plant disease. Bacillus paramycoides is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes necrotic lesions in channel catfish [18]. Several studies, including the recent work of Platania et al., 2022 [19], have focused on the potential of AgNPs against many of these pathogens. In one such study, three colloidal suspensions of silver nanoparticles with different ionic ratios were synthesized and characterized for antibacterial activity. This study provided some of the first evidence that AgNPs' bactericidal activity increases along with an increase in the concentration of silver nanoparticles [19].
In a similar study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was orchestrated with the aim of increasing crop production, growth, and resistance to disease. The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed for their antifungal and antibacterial properties against several plant pathogens and strengthened the foundation for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles [20]. Following this, the current study reports an unprecedented, one-step, costeffective method for AgNPs biosynthesis at room temperature from Acer oblongifolium plant leave extract. Antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria was also investigated; cytotoxicity assay, as well as physicochemical parameters of AgNPs, were assessed using mathematical approaches [21]. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using the plant extract Acer Oblongifolium, and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria with antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines was shown.
The current study is different from previous studies in many respects. First, in this study, the Acer oblongifolium plant was used for silver nanoparticle synthesis for the first time. This plant has no use in any kind of nanoparticle formation in previously reported studies. Furthermore, the physiochemical properties (e.g., the size or shape) of synthesized nanoparticles are proximal to standards and have strong biological potency for exploration of their nanodelivery aspect. Moreover, the velocity and temperature profiles of pure nanoparticles and mixed nanoparticles (AgNPs mixed with water) are given for the first time in the current study of a green synthesis approach. Additionally, the IC50 values in the antiproliferative activity performed in the current study were far lower than in some other recent studies, revealing that the nanoparticles synthesized in the current study have more cytotoxic potential than previously synthesized nanoparticles [22][23][24][25].

Sample Collections
Acer oblongifolium plant cultivated in the botanical garden of University of Punjab, Lahore, was collected in November 2021, and fresh leaves were separated and further processed for preparation of leaf extract.

Laboratory Preparation of Extracts from Plants
Acer oblongifolium fresh leaves were cleaned by washing under tap water and then rinsed with deionized water. The leaves were then shadow dried for 2-3 days and ground into powder using an electric blender. Leaf powder of 4 g was suspended in distilled water (200 mL) and kept in a water bath at a temperature of 70-80 • C for 30 min in a beaker. The remaining extracts were filtered in a conical flask using Whatman Grade 1 Filter Paper, cooled down, and refrigerated at 4 • C for further use in the synthesis of AgNPs according to the method described by Krithiga et al. and Pirtarighat et al. [26,27].
AgNO 3 (25 mM, 1 M) solution was made by mixing AgNO 3 flakes in deionized water. This solution was used for synthesizing AgNPs with the aim of testing their antibacterial activity.

Green Synthesis of AgNPs from the Extract
The solution of AgNO 3 (25 mM, 1 M) was made by mixing AgNO 3 flakes in deionized water, followed by AgNO 3 and leaf extracts to the ratio of 1:10 v/v, respectively, to produce a volume of 50 mL in a reagent bottle wrapped with aluminum foil. The mixtures were incubated at room temperature until the yellow color of the solution turned dark brown. The samples were then centrifuged at 5000 revolutions per minute for 20 min, and the supernatant was discarded. Deionized water (5 mL) was added to the precipitate and centrifuged again with the same specifications. The process was repeated. The final precipitate was then placed in a hot air oven for 30 min at 60 • C, and the dried form was utilized in further testing.

UV Visible Spectroscopy
The most important and simple technique for confirming the formation of nanoparticles is ultraviolet visible (UV Vis) spectrophotometry. AgNP formation was verified using a UV visible spectrophotometer, which monitored the band (300-700 nm) of surface plasmon resonance.

X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
The crystalline nature of the biosynthesized AgNPs was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). A powdered sample was utilized, and in the scanning mode-operated at 30 mA current with 40 kV voltage and Cu/Kα radiation with 20 • -70 • in 2θ angles-the diffraction pattern was recorded. The average crystalline size of AgNPs was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The equation is as follows: D = kλβcosθ where k = shape factor (0.94). λ = X-ray wavelength (λ = 1.5418 Å); β = full width at half maximum (FWHM) in radians. and θ = Bragg's angle.

Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) Spectrum
The Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectrophotometer (FTIR, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to determine the functional groups responsible for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and record the FTIR spectrum. These functional groups may aid in the capping, reduction, and stabilization of silver nanoparticles. FTIR was performed in the spectral array from 400-4000 cm −1 . The solution of synthesized silver nanoparticles was centrifuged for 30 min at 10,000 rpm for FTIR measurements.

Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis (SEM)
To determine the structure of the obtained nanoparticles, SEM was used. The dried samples were placed on a double conductive tape fixed on a sample holder at a normal temperature. A platinum-gold coating was applied to the samples to increase conductivity. After this, the samples were visualized at 80 kV voltage.

Antimicrobial Activity
All the equipment and media were autoclaved for 30 min at 115 • C and 15 psi. The disc diffusion method was performed to check the bacterial activity against Gram-positive Bacillus cereus and Bacillus paramycoides and Gram-negative E. coli. Stock LB broth was prepared to refresh the bacterial stain, from which 5 mL was taken in a falcon tube and injected into the pure culture of E. coli, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus paramycoides, which was dipped into the nutrient broth incubated in a shaking incubator round the clock at 37 • C. A stock solution of Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) was prepared for Petri dishes, 20 mL solution was put into each Petri dish and left until it solidified, and 1 mL of the overnight grown culture of each stain (E. coli., Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus paramycoides) was spread on the Mueller Hinton Agar plates and placed on an antibiotic disc (amoxicillin and cefpodoxime). 5 µL (4 mg/mL in DMSO) 25 mM, 1 M of AgNPs, and 1 mL of pure plant extract were placed on a petri dish and incubated for 24 h at 37 • C. The inhabitation zone around the disk was calculated and compared to the positive control. The antibacterial activities of the respective solutions were confirmed by the appearance of an inhibition zone around the disc, which was also previously recorded by Kivrak et al. [28]. If the zone of inhibition is equal to or greater than 12 mm, then it is significant [29].

Cell Culture for Cell Line
Cryopreserved cancer cells (HeLa and MCF-7) were thawed, centrifuged, re-suspended, transferred to flasks for culturing, and incubated overnight at 37 • C in a standard CO 2 incubator. The HeLa lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. MCF-7 cells, however, were cultured in DMEM containing 1% penicillin/streptomycin and 15% FBS. The cells were detached using 1 mL of trypsin-EDTA, diluted 10×, after three washes with sterile PBS. Cells were centrifuged for 3 min at 1500 rpm after being given 5 mL of media. The supernatant was removed, and the cells were suspended again, counted, and diluted as required.

Assay for Cell Viability
MTT-based cell viability assessment was carried out to investigate the cytotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles in adenocarcinoma cells of the human breast, MCF-7, and adenocarcinoma cells of the human cervix, HeLa. Flat-bottomed, 96-well culture plates were used to culture (2.5 × 10 4 /mL) the cells in a volume of 90 µL and were held in a 5 percent CO 2 incubator at 37 • C. AgNPs-treatment of the cells was performed (1 mg/mL) after an overnight incubation, followed by a further 24 h incubation. To crystallize the viable cells, the media were expelled, and MTT reagent (100 µL) was applied to all wells. The culture plate was incubated at 37 • C for 4 h with 5% CO 2 before 100 µL of the reagent was added (1:1 of 10% SDS and 50% isopropanol). It was then incubated at room temperature for another 30 min, and a microplate reader at a 570 nm wavelength (Bio-Tek ELx 800TM, Winooski, VT, USA) measured the optical density. The findings were determined as % inhibition scores with the average of three different values (SEM) from all the experiments, which were done in triplicate. GraphPad Prism 5.0 Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA, was used to calculate the inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values for derivatives that showed equal to or greater than 50% inhibition.

Physicochemical Parameters
To explore the strength and nature of the interaction between AgNPs and solvents, thermodynamic parameters, such as density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity with water and without water, were derived to explain the physicochemical behavior after mixing the AgNPs. Density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity were measured using a mathematical equation at various temperature values in the range of 15-45 • C for pure silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanoparticles mixed with water. Furthermore, at the same temperature ranges, the data were taken by mixing the AgNPs with water in different ratios-1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 (in mL)-as shown in Tables 1-3. C p = Speed of sound of AgNPs; C p2 , C p3 , C p4 = Specific heat of AgNPS after mixing nanoparticles and water in 1:2, 1:4, 1:6 (in mL).

Mathematical Formulation
The momentum equation with coupled mixed convection and a uniform magnetic field: Heat transfer equation: Boundary conditions are: where U 0 velocity of the sheet at x = 0, T 0 temperature at the sheet surface, ρ n f density of nanofluid, µ n f viscosity of nanofluid, (ρCp) n f specific heat of the nanofluid. Nanofluids are: Similarity transmissions are as follows: The following similarity transformations [30] are considered for the reducing PDE's to ODE's system,

Color Change of Solution
The Acer oblongifolium plant reduced the Ag ions, and the color of the solution changed from yellow to black and brown with the addition of AgNO 3 after 24 to 48 h at room temperature, as shown in Figure 1. The silver nanoparticles were formed using a 1 to 10 ratio (1:10) for this 90 mL of plant extract and 10 mL of silver nitrate solutions mixed. Therefore, as the incubation time passed, the color intensity increased, indicating the reduction of Ag ions and the formation of AgNPs.

UV Visible Spectroscopy
The synthesis and stability of reduced AgNPs in colloidal solution were examined using a UV visible spectrophotometer. The maximum absorbance at 450 and 420 nm was observed in the visible UV spectra, as shown in Figure 2, which corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the AgNPs. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) patterns are commonly used as indicative tools for metal nanoparticle formation, as SPR depends on various parameters, such as size and medium dielectric constant [31]. The Ag + ions were reduced extracellularly, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles.

UV Visible Spectroscopy
The synthesis and stability of reduced AgNPs in colloidal solution were examined using a UV visible spectrophotometer. The maximum absorbance at 450 and 420 nm was observed in the visible UV spectra, as shown in Figure 2, which corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the AgNPs. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) patterns are commonly used as indicative tools for metal nanoparticle formation, as SPR depends on various parameters, such as size and medium dielectric constant [31]. The Ag + ions were reduced extracellularly, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles.

UV Visible Spectroscopy
The synthesis and stability of reduced AgNPs in colloidal solution were examined using a UV visible spectrophotometer. The maximum absorbance at 450 and 420 nm was observed in the visible UV spectra, as shown in Figure 2, which corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the AgNPs. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) patterns are commonly used as indicative tools for metal nanoparticle formation, as SPR depends on various parameters, such as size and medium dielectric constant [31]. The Ag + ions were reduced extracellularly, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles.

X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
Phase identification, purity, and structure of green synthesized AgNPs were determined by X-ray diffraction. Confirmation of crystalline nature and purity of AgNPs were conducted by XRD pattern with strong diffraction peaks analyzed at different 2θ, i.e.,

X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
Phase identification, purity, and structure of green synthesized AgNPs were determined by X-ray diffraction. Confirmation of crystalline nature and purity of AgNPs were conducted by XRD pattern with strong diffraction peaks analyzed at different 2θ, i.e., 20

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
The FTIR spectrum (Figure 4) of the reduced AgNO3 solution and capped by secondary metabolites with plant extracts of Acer oblongifolium revealed significant absorption peaks at 2865. 16

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
The FTIR spectrum (Figure 4) of the reduced AgNO3 solution and capped by secondary metabolites with plant extracts of Acer oblongifolium revealed significant absorption peaks at 2865. 16,2031.92, 1478.96, and 845.35 cm −1 . The appearance of the instinct band at 2865.16 cm −1 (C-H) showed alkanes present, the band at 2031.92 cm −1 confirmed the presence of alkynes, and the band at 1478.96 cm −1 revealed the N-C and N=C groups. The C-O group at 845.35 cm −1 depicted the presence of =CH in aromatic compounds in the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles [32], which is in accordance with previous studies [33][34][35].

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
The surface morphology and particle size of the green synthesized AgNPs were determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A typical scanning electron micrograph identifies that AgNPs are rod-like in shape. Moreover, the average crystalline sizes for 25 mM and 1M AgNPs were found to be 5 nm and 8 nm, respectively; this is similar to the size predicted by XRD, as shown in Figure 5.

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
The surface morphology and particle size of the green synthesized AgNPs were determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A typical scanning electron micrograph identifies that AgNPs are rod-like in shape. Moreover, the average crystalline sizes for 25 mM and 1M AgNPs were found to be 5 nm and 8 nm, respectively; this is similar to the size predicted by XRD, as shown in Figure 5.

Antibacterial Activity
The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Acer oblongifolium plant extract was studied using the disc diffusion method against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus paramycoides, and E. coli. Figure 6 shows the diameter of zones of inhibition around each disc with silver nanoparticle solution. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized from Acer oblongifolium extracts was shown to be highest against E. coli (18 mm), lower against Bacillus cereus (17 mm), and lowest against Bacillus paramycoides (12 mm). 3.6. In Vitro Biological Application 3.6.1. Antibacterial Activity The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Acer oblongifolium plant extract was studied using the disc diffusion method against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus paramycoides, and E. coli. Figure 6 shows the diameter of zones of inhibition around each disc with silver nanoparticle solution. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized from Acer oblongifolium extracts was shown to be highest against E. coli (18 mm), lower against Bacillus cereus (17 mm), and lowest against Bacillus paramycoides (12 mm).
AgNO3 and leaf extract of Acer oblongifolium; (B) SEM micrograph of silver nanoparticles synthesized using the 1 M solution of AgNO3 and leaf extract of Acer oblongifolium.

Antibacterial Activity
The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Acer oblongifolium plant extract was studied using the disc diffusion method against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus paramycoides, and E. coli. Figure 6 shows the diameter of zones of inhibition around each disc with silver nanoparticle solution. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized from Acer oblongifolium extracts was shown to be highest against E. coli (18 mm), lower against Bacillus cereus (17 mm), and lowest against Bacillus paramycoides (12 mm).

Physicochemical Parameters
Density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity were measured using a mathematical equation at various temperature values in the range of 15-45 • C for pure silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanoparticles mixed with water. Furthermore, at the same temperature ranges, the data were taken by mixing the AgNPs with water in different ratios 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 (in mL). The physicochemical parameters, including density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity data, are given in Tables 1-3

Physicochemical Parameters
Density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity were measured using a mathematical equation at various temperature values in the range of 15-45 °C for pure silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanoparticles mixed with water. Furthermore, at the same temperature ranges, the data were taken by mixing the AgNPs with water in different ratios 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 (in mL). The physicochemical parameters, including density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity data, are given in Tables 1-3   The effect of pure nanoparticles' parameters on the velocity profile without mixing with water is shown in Figure 7a, and the effect of nanoparticles on the parameters of the velocity profile after mixing with water is shown in Figure 7b. The deplanement of the volume fraction parameters positively affected the nanofluid velocity. By improving the nanoparticles, the thickness of the boundary layer of the flow reduces, which results in an increase in the velocity of the nanofluid. However, we observed that the behavior of the velocity field is opposite in Figure 7b.
The effect of nanoparticles on the temperature profile is shown in Figure 8a,b, and it The effect of pure nanoparticles' parameters on the velocity profile without mixing with water is shown in Figure 7a, and the effect of nanoparticles on the parameters of the velocity profile after mixing with water is shown in Figure 7b. The deplanement of the volume fraction parameters positively affected the nanofluid velocity. By improving the nanoparticles, the thickness of the boundary layer of the flow reduces, which results in an increase in the velocity of the nanofluid. However, we observed that the behavior of the velocity field is opposite in Figure 7b.
The effect of nanoparticles on the temperature profile is shown in Figure 8a,b, and it can be noticed that the pure nanoparticles show more heat-absorbing capacity, while the nanoparticles mixed with water show less heat-absorbing capacity. As a result, the temperature of the nanofluid increases, which also destroys heat; therefore, the average temperature of the fluid decreases (Figure 8b). The 3D representation of the velocity and temperature of the AgNPs is shown in Figure 9.  The 3D representation of the velocity and temperature of the AgNPs is shown in Figure 9. The 3D representation of the velocity and temperature of the AgNPs is shown in Figure 9.

Discussion
The color transformation to dark brown from the original yellow confirmed the formation of silver NPs from Acer oblongifolium plant extract. Prasad and Elumalai [36] noticed that silver nanoparticles come in a variety of colors, ranging from light yellow to brown. Furthermore, because of surface plasmon excitation fluctuations in silver nanoparticles, Prasad et al. [37] observed that these nanoparticles, in aqueous solutions, gave out a yellowish-brown color. The maximum absorbance peak for silver nanoparticles synthesized from the Acer oblongifolium plant extract was observed at 450 nm using the UV visible spectrum. According to Prasad and Elumalai [36], a 430-450 nm peak of absorption is observed in the silver NPs' spectra present in the reaction media, whereas Kumar et al. [38] narrowed the gap and reported an absorbance peak of 438 nm. Moreover, unmapped peaks were also determined that indicate the phytochemical's presence on the surface of AgNPs, which aids in capping. Moreover, the average particle sizes predicted by Image J software for 25 mM and 1 M AgNPs were 5 nm and 8 nm. This was in close proximity to the size obtained from XRD [39]. Plant extracts' reduction by stabilizing agents plays a role in the reduction of Ag + ions to Ag nanoparticles, according to FTIR study by Iqbal et al. [40]. Hemlata et al. [22] observed that silver nanoparticles bind to the carboxyl or amino groups of extracted proteins. The amine (-NH), hydroxyl (-OH), and carboxyl (-C=O) groups of leaf extracts are primarily engaged to fabricate silver nanoparticles, according to studies conducted by [41]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to determine particle size as well as morphology of biosynthesized AgNPs [42]. The SEM micrograph predicted the morphology, i.e., rod-like shape. Relevant morphological studies have also been found in the literature [43].
Acer oblongifolium-derived silver nanoparticles have a potent inhibitory effect on E. coli, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus paramycoides. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Acer oblongifolium leaves are very small size, due to which they have unique physical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles have a more germicidal effect than the mass of silver metal because of the reduction of size, increase of the ratio of surface to volume of nanoparticles, and increase of the contact area with microorganisms.
Similarly, Jain et al. [44] published a human pathogen antibacterial assay using silver nanoparticles synthesized from Papaya fruit extract, which was revealed to be highly toxic against bacteria that are resistant to multiple drugs. Kumar [38] also found that AgNPs were moderately toxic to E. coli, Pseudomonas species, including putida, aeruginosa, vulgaris, and B. subtilis. The pathogens' growth was hindered by the silver nanoparticles of the Acer oblongifolium. We may infer that biosynthesized AgNPs are more toxic to MCF-7 cells than to the HeLa cell line, based on the results of the antiproliferative activity study.
The activation of metallothioneins and the use of Ag + chelating agents to prevent cytotoxicity support this idea. The potential of the mitochondrial membrane was depolarized by silver nanoparticles. The depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential is a key element in apoptosis signaling pathways. Finally, silver nanoparticles produced early/late apoptosis and necrosis in MCF7 and HeLa cells, with early apoptosis being the primary cause of cell death. The activity of early apoptosis was 19 percent higher than that of late apoptosis and necrosis [45]. Inducing the creation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, which lead to DNA damage and apoptosis, are two possible pathways of toxicity. Toxicity in AgNP-treated cells is primarily induced by the release of Ag + ions into the cytosol following AgNP uptake via endocytosis and breakdown in an acidic environment. As a result, the oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell death observed in the presence of AgNPs are mostly attributable to silver ions in the cytosol, impairing natural metabolic and cell cycle mechanisms [46]. For MCF-7 cells, silver nanoparticles synthesized with Artemisia vulgaris leaf extract had an IC 50 value close to 60 g/mL [47]. The efficacy of the aqueous leaf extract of Cucumis sativus against MCF-7 cells was also supported by another study [41]. Taraxacum officinale methanolic leaf extract also showed improved activity against MCF-7 cell lines. The current research is the first to compare the cell viability of Acer oblongifolium leaf extract-mediated biosynthesized AgNPs against two cancer cell lines. The Acer oblongi-folium AgNPs demonstrated a difference in cytotoxicity toward different cell lines due to the increased cellular absorption and retention of NPs. Because of their small size, NPs can enter cells through endocytosis and are not subjected to efflux by P-glycoprotein [48,49].

Conclusions
In the current study, we have revealed the simple use of a natural, low-cost biological reducing agent and Acer oblongifolium leaf extracts through efficient green nanochemistry methodology, avoiding the presence of toxic solvents and waste. Silver nanoparticles made from Acer oblongifolium leaf extract were found to be effective against human infections. The antibacterial activity of the disc diffusion approach is well documented. Because of these applications, this technology is potentially promising for the large-scale production of nanoparticles. Prepared nanoparticles can be employed as antibacterial agents in wound healing, water purification, and medicine. Data Availability Statement: All major data generated and analyzed in this study are included in this manuscript.