Some Parameterized Quantum Midpoint and Quantum Trapezoid Type Inequalities for Convex Functions with Applications

Quantum information theory, an interdisciplinary field that includes computer science, information theory, philosophy, cryptography, and entropy, has various applications for quantum calculus. Inequalities and entropy functions have a strong association with convex functions. In this study, we prove quantum midpoint type inequalities, quantum trapezoidal type inequalities, and the quantum Simpson’s type inequality for differentiable convex functions using a new parameterized q-integral equality. The newly formed inequalities are also proven to be generalizations of previously existing inequities. Finally, using the newly established inequalities, we present some applications for quadrature formulas.


Introduction
In convex functions theory, Hermite-Hadamard (HH) inequality is very important and was discovered by C. Hermite and J. Hadamard independently (see also [1] and [2] (p. 137)), where F is a convex function. In the case of concave mappings, the above inequality is satisfied in reverse order. In [3], Kirmaci proved the following inequality connected to the left-side of inequality (1).
Theorem 3. For a mapping F : I ⊂ R → R, which is differentiable on I • , π 1 , π 2 ∈ I • , π 1 < π 2 with |F | convex on [ π 1 , π 2 ], then 1 6 F ( π 1 ) + 4F π 1 + π 2 2 + F ( π 2 ) − 1 Theorem 4. For a mapping F : I ⊂ R → R, which is differentiable on I • , π 1 , π 2 ∈ I • with π 1 < π 2 and if |F | p , p ≥ 1 is a convex mapping on [ π 1 , π 2 ], then the following inequality holds: On the other hand, several studies have been carried out in the domain of q-analysis; beginning with Euler, the quantum computation of q-calculus, which is regarded as a relationship between physics and mathematics, must be studied in order to gain proficiency in mathematics. It has a wide range of applications in mathematics, including in combinatorics, simple hypergeometric functions, number theory, orthogonal polynomials, and other sciences, as well as mechanics, relativity theory, and quantum theory [6,7]. Quantum calculus also has many applications in quantum information theory, which is an interdisciplinary area that encompasses computer science, information theory, philosophy, and cryptography, among other areas [8][9][10]. Euler is thought to be the inventor of this significant branch of mathematics. He used the q-parameter in Newton's work on infinite series. Later, Jackson presented q-calculus, which is also known as no-limits calculus, in a methodical manner [11,12]. In 1966, Al-Salam [13] introduced a q-analogue of the q-fractional integral and q-Riemann-Liouville fractional. Since then, the amount of related research has gradually increased. In particular, in 2013, Tariboon and Ntouyas introduced the π 1 D q -difference operator and q π 1 -integral in [14]. In 2020, Bermudo et al. introduced the notion of the π 2 D q derivative and q π 2 -integral in [15]. Sadjang generalized this to quantum calculus and introduced the notions of post-quantum calculus or shortly (p, q)calculus in [16]. In [17], Tunç and Göv gave the post-quantum variant of the a D q -difference operator and q a -integral. Recently, in 2021, Chu et al. introduced the notions of the b D p,q derivative and (p, q) b -integral in [18].
Many integral inequalities have been studied using quantum integrals for various types of functions. For example, in [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25], the authors used π 1 D q , π 2 D q -derivatives and q π 1 , q π 2 -integrals to prove HH integral inequalities and their left-right estimates for convex and coordinated convex functions. In [26], Noor et al. presented a generalized version of quantum HH integral inequalities. For generalized quasi-convex functions, Nwaeze et al. proved certain parameterized quantum integral inequalities in [27]. Khan et al. proved quantum HH inequality using the Green function in [28]. Budak et al. [29], Ali et al. [30,31], and Vivas-Cortez et al. [32] developed new quantum Simpson's and quantum Newton's type inequalities for convex and coordinated convex functions. For quantum Ostrowski's inequalities for convex and co-ordinated convex functions, one can consult [33][34][35]. Kunt et al. [36] generalized the results of [21] and proved HH type inequalities and their left estimates using the a D p,q -difference operator and (p, q) a -integral. Recently, Latif et al. [37] found the right estimates of HH type inequalities proved by Kunt et al. [36]. To prove Ostrowski's inequalities, Chu et al. [18] used the concepts of the b D p,q -difference operator and (p, q) b -integral. Recently, Vivas-Cortez et al. [38] generalized the results of [15] and proved HH type inequalities and their left estimates using the b D p,q -difference operator and (p, q) b -integral.
Inspired by these ongoing studies, we establish a generalized form of quantum midpoint and quantum trapezoid type inequalities; these newly established inequalities are the generalizations of inequalities (2)-(5) and the inequalities proved in the work by Sarikaya et al. [39].
The structure of this paper is as follows: a brief overview of the concepts of q-calculus, as well as some related works, is given in Section 2. In Section 3, we show the relationship between the results presented here and comparable results in the literature by proving some new quantum integral inequalities. We present some applications of quadrature formulas in Section 4. Section 5 concludes with some recommendations for future studies.

Preliminaries of q-Calculus and Some Inequalities
In this section, we recall some basic concepts about q-calculus and integral inequalities in this area. Further, here and in the following, we use q ∈ (0, 1) and the following notation (see [7]): In [12], from 0 to π 2 , Jackson gave the q-Jackson integral as follows: provided the sum converges absolutely.

Main Results
In this section, we prove, for q-differentiable convex functions, some q-integral inequalities of midpoint and trapezoidal formula types.
Proof. From the fundamental concepts of q-integrals, we have Definitions 2 and 4 give us the following: By putting the computed values of I 1 and I 2 in equality (12), we obtain the resultant equality (11).

Theorem 7.
Under the conditions of Lemma 1, if π 2 D q F is a convex mapping, then where Proof. Using the properties of the modulus, after taking the modulus in Lemma 1, we can obtain Since π 2 D q F is a convex mapping, we therefore have One can easily observe that for 0 ≤ ς < 1 2 , Now, for 1 Thus, the proof is finished. Remark 2. Setting the limit as q → 1 − in Theorem 7, then it reduces to [39], Theorem 5.

Corollary 1.
The inequality (13) in Theorem 7 reduces to the following quantum trapezoid type inequality by assuming ς = 1

Remark 4.
In Corollary 1, if we set the limit as q → 1 − , then we obtain the inequality (2).

Remark 5.
In Theorem 7, if we set the limit as q → 1 − and later assume ς = 0, then we obtain the inequality (3).

Corollary 2.
In Theorem 7, if we set ς = 1 [6] q , then we obtain the following quantum Simpson's inequality: Remark 6. If we take the limit as q → 1 − in Corollary 2, then we recapture the inequality (4).

Theorem 8.
Under the conditions of Lemma 1, if π 2 D q F p , as p ≥ 1 is a convex mapping, then Proof. Applying this to (14), the power mean inequality, we obtain Since π 2 D q F p , for p ≥ 1, is convex, therefore, for 0 ≤ ς ≤ 1 Similarly, for 1 Therefore, the proof is finished.

Remark 7.
If we set the limit as q → 1 − in Theorem 8, then it reduces to [39], Theorem 6.
Corollary 3. Theorem 8 reduces to the following new quantum trapezoid type inequality by assuming ς = 1

Corollary 4.
In Theorem 7, if we set ς = 1 [6] q , then we obtain the following quantum Simpson's inequality: Remark 9. If we take the limit as q → 1 − in Corollary 4, then we recapture the inequality (5).

Applications to Quadrature Rule
In this section, we present some applications of quadrature formulas using the results given in the last section.

Proposition 1.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 7 with ς = 1, we have:

Proposition 2.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 7 with ς = 1

Proposition 3.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 7 with ς = 1

Conclusions
In this investigation, we have proven a parameterized q-integral identity involving q-derivatives and then used this result to prove some new q-integral inequalities for differentiable convex functions. We also showed that the results established in this paper are a potential generalization of the existing comparable results in the literature. The results proved in this research can be used in quantum information theory, an interdisciplinary field that includes computer science, information theory, philosophy, cryptography, and entropy. As a future direction, similar inequalities could be found for co-ordinated convex functions.