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New Advances in Sustainable Metallurgy
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New Advances in Sustainable Metallurgy

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 3299

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paolo Ferro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Management, University of Padova, Stradella San Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
Interests: raw materials; structural integrity of welded joints and additively manufactured components; welding and heat treatment simulation; cast iron; stainless steels; materials selection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The forecast of steel and aluminum production growth, driven by strategic sectors such as energy, construction, safety, and transportation, poses serious problems to be faced in the next years, most of which are related to environmental impact. Worldwide production of steel and aluminum (the largest fraction of metals use by volume) leads to a total energy consumption of about 53 exajoules (1018 J) which is 8% of the global energy used and almost 30% of industrial CO2-equivalent emissions per year. In this scenario, a sustainable or ‘green’ metallurgy must be developed to tackle resource exploitation problems, energy and critical raw materials supplying, greenhouse gas and pollution emission related to metal extraction and manufacturing. Possible strategies are divided into direct and indirect sustainable approaches. Among the first, there are mitigating actions that can be implemented in production routes (such as CO2-reduced production by H2 injection into a blast furnace, electrification using ‘green’ power source (electrolysis), recycling, solid-state iron ore reduction by H2, harvesting the enormous waste heat from metal production to be used for electricity production) or in manufacturing routes (such as eliminating metal loss, using near-net-shape manufacturing methods, production of thin-slab casting to reduce the energy spent in plastic work).

Equally interesting are the strategies that can be identified within indirect sustainable metallurgy such as weight reduction in transportation at higher safety, product longevity, damage tolerance and repairability, improved energy conversion and higher efficiency (see Ni-base superalloys), lower electrical resistivity, lower magnetic losses and so on.

This Special Issue aims at collecting new advances addressed to make a significant contribution to this emerging and tremendously important field of metallurgy. Therefore, original works about both direct and indirect sustainable metallurgy are very welcome.

Prof. Dr. Paolo Ferro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable metallurgy
  • energy saving
  • greenhouse emissions
  • longer life product
  • repairing
  • recycling
  • solid-state iron ore reduction
  • recycling-oriented alloy
  • damage tolerance
  • weight reduction

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2855 KiB  
Article
Prolonging Campaign Life of Blast Furnace Trough by Water Cooling
by Zhiyuan Li, Haifei Wang, Fengshou Ding and Huiqing Tang
Materials 2023, 16(3), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16030891 - 17 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1392
Abstract
A long campaign life of the trough of the blast furnace (BF) is important for improving the BF operation efficiency, reducing the cost of blast furnace ironmaking, and bettering the working conditions of the casting yard. In this paper, a water cooling device [...] Read more.
A long campaign life of the trough of the blast furnace (BF) is important for improving the BF operation efficiency, reducing the cost of blast furnace ironmaking, and bettering the working conditions of the casting yard. In this paper, a water cooling device was designed for the trough of a BF with a volume of 630 m3. The effect of water cooling on lengthening the unit campaign life of the trough was investigated using industrial tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. Results showed that by using water cooling, the throughput of the trough in a unit campaign was increased by 40,000 tons, and its unit campaign life was increased by 34 days. During a unit campaign cycle, the influence of the water cooling device on the temperature distribution in refractory materials gradually developed from the low-temperature zone to the high-temperature zone, and the expansion of the high-temperature zone was suppressed. Therefore, the water cooling device inhibited the dissolution of refractory materials and retarded the chemical erosion from the molten slag and the atmosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Sustainable Metallurgy)
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20 pages, 747 KiB  
Article
Evaporation of As and Sn from Liquid Iron: Experiments and a Kinetic Model during Top-Blown Oxygen Steelmaking Process
by Dong-Hyun Kim, Won-Bum Park, Sang-Chae Park and Youn-Bae Kang
Materials 2022, 15(14), 4771; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144771 - 7 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1322
Abstract
Evaporation kinetics of tramp elements (M = As and Sn) in liquid iron were investigated by high-temperature gas–liquid reaction experiments and a phenomenological kinetic model. Residual content of As or Sn in the liquid iron ([pct M]) during the evaporation was measured in [...] Read more.
Evaporation kinetics of tramp elements (M = As and Sn) in liquid iron were investigated by high-temperature gas–liquid reaction experiments and a phenomenological kinetic model. Residual content of As or Sn in the liquid iron ([pct M]) during the evaporation was measured in the temperature range of 1680 °C to 1760 °C. [pct As] and [pct Sn] decreased faster as the reaction temperature and [pct C]0 increased. Assuming first-order reaction kinetics, the apparent rate constants (kM) were obtained at each reaction temperature and [pct C]0. [pct M] in a liquid iron during the top-blown oxygen steelmaking process was simulated, with an emphasis on enlarging the reaction surface area by forming a large number of liquid iron droplets. The surface area and the droplet generation rate were obtained based on the oxygen-blowing condition. The whole surface area increased up to ∼163 times the initial liquid iron (bath) surface area, due to the generation of the droplets. Using the kM obtained in the present study, the evaporation of M during the top-blown oxygen steelmaking process for 200 tonnes of liquid iron was simulated. For a condition of [pct M]0 = 0.005 (M = As and Sn), As and Sn could be removed from the liquid iron, which was seen to be much improved by the consideration of the droplet generation. However, additional actions are required to improve the evaporation rate, as the evaporation rate in the BOF process was not fast enough to be practically considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Sustainable Metallurgy)
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