Biology of Farmed Insects

A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450). This special issue belongs to the section "Role of Insects in Human Society".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 2239

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: waste upcycling using insects; insect biology; insect mass-rearing; early evolution of animals; animal ecology; taxonomy; genetics; genomics
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Guest Editor
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, NC, USA
Interests: insect rearing; insect nutrition; insects as feed and food; biological control; insect diets; insect mass production and mechanization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Large-scale insect farming is a relatively new but rapidly growing sector. Insects are primarily farmed as a source of high-quality proteins for human food and animal feed. In addition, they also produce fats, frass, chitin, and other valuable by-products. In terms of production volumes, the current champion of the sector is the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Other farmed insects include several species of crickets, mealworms, and locusts, as well as several emerging insect species with the potential for mass rearing.

Insect farming is an important tool to improve agriculture and food production sustainability and circularity. At the same time, however, it raises concerns regarding animal welfare, disease transmission, and the potential introduction of non-native species into the environment.

Research interest in farmed insects has increased significantly, but research is mostly applied and focused on the practicalities of insect farming. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that a better understanding of these organisms’ biology is essential to recognize their requirements, improve farming practices, and tackle potential ethical issues of insect farming.

This Special Issue aims to gather original research and review papers dealing with the basic biology of farmed insects. We invite studies of genetics and genomics, diversity, microbiome, diseases and parasites, physiology, behavior, and all other aspects of farmed insect biology. Research on understudied or novel insect species with the potential for mass rearing is also welcome.

Dr. Matija Harcet
Dr. Juan A. Morales-Ramos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Insects is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • insect farming
  • black soldier fly
  • Hermetia illucens
  • crickets
  • Acheta domesticus
  • Gryllus spp.
  • Gryllodes sigillatus
  • mealworms
  • Tenebrionidae
  • locust Locusta migratoria
  • ethics
  • insect biology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 6947 KiB  
Article
Revealing the Development Patterns of the Mandibular Glands of Apis mellifera carnica Based on Transcriptomics and Morphology
by Chunlei Pan, Yi Zhang, Chunguang Liu, Zhihao Zhang, Liang Tao, Kang Wang, Zheguang Lin, Ting Ji and Fuchao Gao
Insects 2024, 15(3), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15030176 - 6 Mar 2024
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Abstract
The mandibular gland in worker bees synthesizes and secretes the organic acids present in royal jelly, and its development directly affects yield and quality. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the differences in morphology and gene expression in the mandibular glands of Apis mellifera [...] Read more.
The mandibular gland in worker bees synthesizes and secretes the organic acids present in royal jelly, and its development directly affects yield and quality. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the differences in morphology and gene expression in the mandibular glands of Apis mellifera carnica worker bees of different ages (3, 6, 9, 12, and 16 d). We dissected their mandibular glands and performed morphological and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the development of the mandibular gland and the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in royal jelly secretion. Microscopy revealed that mandibular gland development is likely completed in the early stages. There were no significant differences in the structural morphology or organelles involved in the secretion of royal jelly at different ages. Transcriptomics revealed a total of 1554 differentially expressed genes, which were mainly involved in fat metabolism, lipid transport, and energy metabolism. The extracellular matrix–receptor interaction pathway was significantly enriched and contributed to the royal jelly secretion process. These results elucidate the genetic basis of the role of the mandibular gland in royal jelly secretion in A. mellifera and provide a reference for the genetic improvement of bees with high royal jelly production in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology of Farmed Insects)
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Review

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25 pages, 420 KiB  
Review
An In-Depth Insight into the Profile, Mechanisms, Functions, and Transfer of Essential Amino Acids from Mulberry Leaves to Silkworm Bombyx mori L. Pupae and Fish
by Mihaela Hăbeanu, Anca Gheorghe, Georgeta Dinita and Teodor Mihalcea
Insects 2024, 15(5), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15050332 - 5 May 2024
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Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori, the second most varied group of insects, is a fascinating insect that belongs to the Lepidoptera species. We aimed to deepen our knowledge about the composition and significance of amino acids (AA) from the sericulture chain to fish. [...] Read more.
The silkworm Bombyx mori, the second most varied group of insects, is a fascinating insect that belongs to the Lepidoptera species. We aimed to deepen our knowledge about the composition and significance of amino acids (AA) from the sericulture chain to fish. AAs are the most prevalent molecules throughout the growth process of silkworms. We described AAs classification, occurrence, metabolism, and functions. Online datasets revealed that the essential AAs (EAA) level in fish meal and silkworm pupae (SWP) is comparable. SWP have a high content of methionine and lysine, which are the principal limiting AAs in fish diets, indicating that SWP have nutritional potential to be added to fish diets. Additionally, an overview of the data analyzed displays that SWP have a higher protein efficiency ratio than fish meal, the classical protein-rich source (>1.19 times), and compared to soybean meal, the second-most preferred source of protein in aquaculture (>2.08 times), indicating that SWP can be considered effective for animal feeding. In this study, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning AAs, paying special emphasis to EAAs and explaining, to some extent, certain mechanisms and functions of these compounds, from mulberry leaves to larvae–pupae and fish diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology of Farmed Insects)
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