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Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2024) | Viewed by 13233

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ping Liu

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Guest Editor

College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: electric drives and power electronic converters; active thermal control; fault diagnosis; model predictive control; electric vehicle technologies

Dr. Jin Ye

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Interests: power electronics; electric machines; energy management systems; electrified transportation; smart grids; cyber–physical security and resilience

Dr. Yashan Hu

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Guest Editor

College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: electrical machine control and drives for applications ranging from automotives to renewable energy

Dr. Jiangtao Yang

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Guest Editor

College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: design and analysis of high-speed electrical machine; pulsed alternator; and flywheel energy storage system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue in Energies, entitled “Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology” is now open for submissions of research and review articles.

Electrical drives provide the fundamental basis for many appliances, industrial equipment and electrified transportation systems. In the context of global sustainability, they must fulfill various requirements, not only physically and technologically but also environmentally. Therefore, their modeling and optimization has grown increasingly complex as more engineering disciplines/domains and constraints become involved.

This Special Issue will address the present challenges in advanced modeling and optimization methods for electrical drives, including design analysis methods and models, optimization models, control algorithms and methods/strategies.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

Electrical drives for electric vehicles, more electric aircraft and wind energy conversion systems;
Advanced topologies of electrical drives;
Novel applications of electrical drives;
Optimization methodologies of electrical drives;
Advanced novel PWM, sensorless and vector and direct torque control techniques;
Fault diagnosis;
Fault-tolerant control;
Artificial Intelligence (AI) for electrical drives;
Model-based control.

Prof. Dr. Ping Liu
Dr. Jin Ye
Dr. Yashan Hu
Dr. Jiangtao Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

electrical drives
electric machines
modeling
optimization
control
inverter
fault diagnosis

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 9691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Lumped Disturbance Observer in Current Loop of IPMSM Based on Recursive Integral Sliding Mode Surface

by Yongxiao Teng, Qiang Gao, Xuehan Chen and Dianguo Xu

Energies 2024, 17(4), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040836 - 9 Feb 2024

Viewed by 529

Abstract

To overcome the problem of current control effect being reduced by unideal factors in a motor control system, such as motor parameter variation, inverter dead time, nonlinearity of the system, etc., a sliding mode disturbance observer for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed in this paper. The model of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with unideal factors is designed, and the unideal factors are unified into lumped disturbances of motor stator voltage. Then, the observer for lumped disturbance is designed. A recursive integral sliding surface is used to replace the terminal sliding surface to avoid the noise sensitivity and singularity problem of the traditional terminal sliding mode observer. The observer can estimate the lumped disturbance of the current loop without relying on the accurate system model in finite time. Moreover, the structure of the current loop does not need to be adjusted while using the observer to observe and compensate for disturbances. Experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed observer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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13 pages, 8066 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Low-Complexity Double Vector Model Predictive Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

by Hongliang Dong and Yi Zhang

Energies 2024, 17(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010147 - 27 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 694

Abstract

Compared to the conventional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC), the double vector model predictive current control (DVMPCC) for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) has a better steady-state performance without significantly increasing the switching frequency. However, determining optimal vectors with their dwell times requires a high computational burden. A low-complexity DVMPCC in the steady state was proposed in this study to address this problem. Firstly, the operating state of the motor was judged according to the speed error. During steady-state operation, the first optimal active vector was selected from three candidate vectors adjacent or identical to the active vector applied in the previous control period, reducing the number of comparisons by half. Next, the second optimal vector was selected from the other two active vectors, and the zero vector, the second optimal vector with the duty cycle, was determined according to the deadbeat condition of the q-axis current and cost function minimization. Finally, simulation and experimental results proved that the proposed low-complexity DVMPCC for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors is practical and feasible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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17 pages, 7011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Internet-Distributed Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform for Plug-In Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles

by Yi Zhang, Qiang Guo and Jie Song

Energies 2023, 16(18), 6755; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186755 - 21 Sep 2023

Viewed by 919

Abstract

In order to simulate a PHEV’s dynamic characteristics with high fidelity and study the degradation process of a PHEV’s power sources in real-world driving conditions, an Internet-distributed hardware-in-the-loop (ID-HIL) simulation platform for PHEVs is established. It connects several geographically distributed hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) subsystems (including an in-loop vehicle, Cloud server, driving motor, fuel cells, and lithium battery) via the Internet to simulate the powertrain of a plug-in fuel cell hybrid vehicle (PHEV). In the proposed ID-HIL system, the in-loop vehicle without a hybrid powertrain can simulate a PHEV’s dynamic characteristics. Meanwhile, the other in-loop subsystems can work in the same way as if they were on board. Thus, the degradation process of the power sources, such as the fuel cells and lithium battery, can be studied in real-world driving conditions. A 21 km on-road driving test proves the ID-HIL’s feasibility and fidelity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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12 pages, 5079 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thrust Coordinated Assignment and Ripple Suppression of a Multiple-Modular Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Based on Model Predictive Thrust Control

by Kai Zuo, Yi Hong, Jin Yang, Lei Xu, Haitao Qi, Baolong Li, Hao Liu and Luyuan Liu

Energies 2023, 16(14), 5368; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145368 - 14 Jul 2023

Viewed by 726

Abstract

This paper presents a model predictive thrust force control (MPTFC) method for a multiple-modular permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM). It focuses on the thrust assignment and thrust ripple of the motor drive system with a multiple-branch inverter. A discrete time model of the PMSLM is established, and the driving system structure and operation principle of the motor are studied. A multi-mode cost function is designed according to the requirements of the different load conditions, and the optimal voltage vector action time is determined. The operation mode is analyzed to determine the distribution factor, so as to reduce the thrust pulsation during operation and improve the performance of the drive system. The results indicate that the proposed MPTFC method is effective in different operating modes, and the drive system has high efficiency and safer performance compared to a conventional drive system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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26 pages, 10900 KiB

Open AccessArticle

VR-Supported Analysis of UAV—Magnetic Launcher’s Cart System

by Anna Sibilska-Mroziewicz, Edyta Ładyżyńska-Kozdraś and Krzysztof Sibilski

Energies 2023, 16(10), 4095; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104095 - 15 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1058

Abstract

The subject of the research is a model of a magnetic launcher, which is an innovative alternative to commercially occurring unmanned aircraft launchers (UAV). As the take-off is an energy-demanding phase of the flight; therefore, abandoning the power supply of the UAV during this phase significantly affects increasing the potential range and duration of UAV flight. The magnetic launcher offers the significant advantage of minimizing friction between the starting cart and the launcher, resulting in the higher energy efficiency of the system. Research conducted so far has shown that the possibility of accelerating the aircraft on the longer runway offered by the launcher reduces aircraft overloads occurring during take-off. As a result, the launcher, aircraft, and onboard equipment are much safer. This paper presents the system’s mathematical modeling and numerical simulation results for micro-class UAV take-off and landing using the analyzed magnetic launcher. The computer program for analyzing system dynamics was implemented in the MATLAB environment. Simulation results were visualized graphically and as animations in Virtual Reality. The VR application was implemented in Unity and ran on VR goggles Oculus Quest2. The simulations carried out show that—in the absence of control—an important factor reducing the takeoff distance and affecting the aircraft load is the adoption of a non-zero takeoff thrust of the UAV. The initial pitch angle also has a significant impact on the takeoff process. With an increase in this parameter, the length of the takeoff distance decreases and the lift-off speed decreases, but too much pitch angle may result in the aircraft descending in the first moments of flight, which could lead to a collision with the launch rails. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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16 pages, 4592 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term Heavy Overload Forecasting of Public Transformers Based on Combined LSTM-XGBoost Model

by Hao Ma, Peng Yang, Fei Wang, Xiaotian Wang, Di Yang and Bo Feng

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031507 - 3 Feb 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1577

Abstract

In order to effectively carry out the heavy overload monitoring and maintenance of public transformers in the distribution network, ensure the reliability of the distribution network power supply, and improve customer satisfaction with electricity consumption, this paper presents a short-term heavy overload forecasting method for public transformers based on the LSTM-XGBOOST combined model. The model extracts heavy overload feature variables from four dimensions, including basic parameter information, weather, time, and recent load, and constructs a short-term second highest load prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to obtain the predicted value of the second highest load rate. After aggregating the heavy overload feature variables and the predicted second highest load rate, the XGboost algorithm is employed to construct a short-term heavy overload prediction model for public transformers to judge whether the public transformers display heavy overload. The test results show that this method has high accuracy in short-term heavy overload forecasting, and can effectively assist in the key monitoring and control of heavy overload in public transformers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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11 pages, 2997 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Speed Tracking Performance for a Coreless Linear Motor Servo System Based on a Fitted Adaptive Fuzzy Controller

by Meizhu Luo, Ji-an Duan and Zhaoxi Yi

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031259 - 24 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 951

Abstract

Fuzzy control is widely used in linear motor servo systems. However, simple fuzzy rules reduce the control accuracy of the servo system, while complex fuzzy rules reduce the speed of its decision making. This paper proposes a fitted adaptive fuzzy controller (FAFC) to improve the speed tracking performance of a coreless linear motor servo system. The FAFC took a planned curve as a motion target. The planned curve is compounded by multiple performance curves of fuzzy control under the same given input. These multiple performance curves cover the variation range of motor parameters, which are offline-obtained. The performance of the planned curve is ensured by the multiple offline performance curves. The FAFC only needs simple fuzzy rules to fit the planned curve, and achieves high control accuracy without affecting the decision speed. The experimental results verified the feasibility of an FAFC. This research shows that an FAFC can effectively shorten the online calculation time of complex algorithms and keep the consistency of performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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16 pages, 4489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Improved Model−Free Current Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on High−Gain Disturbance Observer

by Yufeng Zhang, Zihui Wu, Qi Yan, Nan Huang and Guanghui Du

Energies 2023, 16(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010141 - 23 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1669

Abstract

Predictive current control (PCC) is an advanced control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). When the motor drive system is undisturbed, predictive current control exhibits a good dynamic response speed and steady−state performance, but the conventional PCC control performance of PMSM that depends on the motor body model is vulnerable to parameter perturbation. Aiming at this problem, an improved model−free predictive current control (IMFPCC) strategy based on a high−gain disturbance observer (HGDO) is proposed in this paper. The proposed strategy is introduced with the idea of model−free control, relying only on the system input and output to build an ultra−local current prediction model, which gets rid of the constraints of the motor body parameters. In the paper, the ultra−local structure is optimized by comparing and analyzing the equation of the state of the classical ultra−local structure and PMSM system. The system’s current state variables are incorporated into the ultra−local system modeling, as a result, the current estimation errors existing in the classical ultra−local structure are eliminated. For the unmodeled and parametric perturbation part of the ultra−local system, a high−gain disturbance observer is designed to estimate it in real time. Finally, the proposed IMFPCC strategy is compared with the conventional model−based predictive current control (MPCC) and the conventional model−free predictive current control (CMFPCC) in simulation and experiment. The results show that the current steady−state error of the IMFPCC strategy in the case of parameter variation is only 50% of the MPCC method, which proves the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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13 pages, 7243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Topology and Control Strategy of a Novel Three-Port Converter

by Tao Wang, Xiangqian Chen, Qiang Guo and Shan Li

Energies 2022, 15(17), 6362; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176362 - 31 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1045

Abstract

A novel three-port converter (TPC) is proposed to meet the diversity of demand for electrical equipment in this paper. It interfaces a single input power port and two output ports. The proposed TPC can be viewed as two bidirectional DC-DC converters. With a different operation mode, the proposed TPC can output two DC voltages or a single DC and a single AC voltage. The topology and operation principal of the TPC is analyzed in detail. Moreover, the mathematic model of the TPC is derived. Then, by considering the dynamic response and disturbance suppression, a step by step PI and PR controller design process for TPC is also presented. Both the simulation and the experimental results validate the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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14 pages, 3993 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Analysis and Comparison of Two Permanent-Magnet Width-Modulation Arrays for Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor

by Meizhu Luo, Jian Duan and Zhaoxi Yi

Energies 2022, 15(16), 6026; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15166026 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1057

Abstract

Permanent-magnet (PM) width-modulation array is designed to solve the issues resulting from big pole-pitches of PMLSMs in high-speed and high-precision systems. PM width-modulation array provided in this paper is a kind of segmented magnetic-pole structure, featuring low PM eddy currents and low thrust ripples. First, the magnetomotive force (MMF) excited by the PM width-modulation array is analyzed to prove its feasibility, the PM eddy current of the novel array is studied to show its advantage in high-speed applications, and the electromagnetic models of two PM width-modulation arrays are established, which are designed by the equal area method and the triangular modulation method, respectively. Then, the thrust features and the PM usage amounts of the two PM width-modulation arrays are analyzed by the finite element method (FEM) and the performance comparisons are presented. The prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the analytical results. The experimental data agree well with the simulations and analyses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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Review

Jump to: Research

18 pages, 4995 KiB

Open AccessReview

Efficiency of Applying the Nyquist and V.M. Popov Criteria for Stability Analysis of Linearized Automatic Control Systems in Electromechanics and Power Engineering

by Vladimir Kodkin, Alexander Anikin and Ekaterina Kuznetsova

Energies 2023, 16(2), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020872 - 12 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1801

Abstract

It is well known that all real automatic control systems (ACS) are significantly nonlinear systems. Along with this, in engineering analysis the simplifications of their mathematic description, that is, linearization, are inevitable. These simplifications naturally introduce errors into engineering calculations. For the most complicated calculation of stability conditions, these errors can be very significant, since they lead to not only incorrect forecast of the ACS condition but also to the operating inability of the designed ACS. Most often, engineers simplify nonlinear structures in their calculations. In other words, they linearize these structures according to one of the numerous approaches which have been developed over 100 years. Calculation methods for linear ACS, in particular the Nyquist criterion, can be applied to the already linearized structure for the calculation of ACS stability condition. In this article, the authors suppose that for electromechanical and power ACS it would be more effective to widely use the absolute stability criterions or hyperstability which were developed when solving the “Aizerman problem” by V.M. Popov in the 1960s of the 20th century. This solution is not used as widely as the Nyquist criterion despite its outstanding qualities. In this article, the assumption was made that it is effective to apply the stability criterion of nonlinear ACS for the linearized models of nonlinear systems. Otherwise speaking, it is effective to use the criterion of V.M. Popov and its interpretation according to the logarithmic frequency characteristics of the ACS proposed earlier by the authors of the article. The authors provide simple and illustrative examples and give the results of the simulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Electrical Drives Technology)

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