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Crystals
Special Issues
Advanced Surface Modifications on Materials
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Advanced Surface Modifications on Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 September 2024 | Viewed by 2527

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rasoul Khandan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
Interests: advanced manufacturing; lattice structure design; smart materials and structures; modeling and simulation
Dr. Mahmoud Moradi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
Interests: laser materials processing; additive manufacturing; welding; design of experiments (DOE)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements in surface modifications on materials, focusing on novel techniques and their applications in materials engineering. Surface modifications play a crucial role in tailoring the properties of materials to meet specific requirements, such as improved functionality, enhanced performance, and increased durability. By altering the surface characteristics, researchers can create materials with unique properties and functionalities that are not achievable through conventional processing methods. This Special Issue brings together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches to advance the field of surface modifications.

Surface modifications encompass a wide range of techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, as well as the incorporation of nanostructures and coatings. By carefully manipulating the surfaces of materials, researchers can modify their chemical composition, roughness, topography, and wettability, among other properties. These modifications can significantly impact a material's behavior, making it more resistant to corrosion, improving adhesion, enhancing biocompatibility, or providing unique optical, electrical, or mechanical properties.

This Special Issue invites original research articles, reviews, and case studies that delve into advanced surface modification techniques and their impact on material performance. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the functionalization of surfaces using self-assembled monolayers, plasma treatment, laser ablation, electrochemical methods, and biomimetic approaches. Additionally, contributions focusing on the development of novel coatings, such as thin films, nanocoatings, and composite coatings, are highly encouraged.

The Special Issue aims to foster interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers in materials science, chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering, facilitating knowledge exchange and promoting the development of innovative surface modification strategies. Ultimately, the goal is to advance the understanding of surface modifications and their potential applications in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, energy, healthcare, and more.

Dr. Rasoul Khandan
Dr. Mahmoud Moradi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • surface modifications
  • advanced surface techniques
  • materials surface engineering
  • surface properties
  • laser surface modification
  • laser surface coating

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7507 KiB  
Article
Electronic and Structural Properties of Antibacterial Ag–Ti-Based Surfaces: An Ab Initio Theoretical Study
by Stefanos Papantoniou-Chatzigiosis, Athina C. Galani, Dimitra Fylaktopoylou, Christina Kourti, Androniki Mosxou, Maria E. Nousia, Thomas Anthopoulos, Elefterios Lidorikis and Christina E. Lekka
Crystals 2024, 14(5), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14050428 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 489
Abstract
Coatings with tunable multifunctional features are important for several technological applications. Ti-based materials have been used in diverse applications ranging from metallic diodes in electronic devices up to medical implants. This work uses ab initio calculations to achieve a more fundamental understanding of [...] Read more.
Coatings with tunable multifunctional features are important for several technological applications. Ti-based materials have been used in diverse applications ranging from metallic diodes in electronic devices up to medical implants. This work uses ab initio calculations to achieve a more fundamental understanding of the structural and electronic properties of β-TiNb and its passive TiO2 film surfaces upon Ag addition, investigating the alterations in the electronic band gap and the stability of the antibacterial coating. We find that Ag’s 4d electrons introduce localized electron states, characterized by bonding features with the favoured Ti first neighbour atoms, approximately −5 eV below the fermi level in both β-TiNb bulk and surface. Ag’s binding energy on β-TiNb(110) depends on the local environment (the lattice site and the type of bonded surface atoms) ranging from −2.70 eV up to −4.21 eV for the adatom on a four-fold Ti site, offering a variety of options for the design of a stable coating or for Ag ion release. In Ti–O terminated anatase and rutile (001) surfaces, surface states are introduced altering the TiO2 band gap. Silver is bonded more strongly, and therefore creates a more stable antibacterial coat on rutile than on anatase. In addition, the Ag coating exhibits enhanced 4d electron states at the highest occupied state on anatase (001),which are extended from −5 eV up to the Fermi level on rutile (001), which might be altered depending on the coat structural features, thus creating systems with tunable electronic band gap that can be used for the design of thin film semiconductors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modifications on Materials)
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13 pages, 3012 KiB  
Article
Anionic Dye Alizarin Red S Removal Using Heat-Treated Dolomite
by Zhaohui Li, Anna Bowman, Angie Rayniak and Shangping Xu
Crystals 2024, 14(2), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14020187 - 13 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 897
Abstract
In modern society, frequent use of synthetic materials in the household and industry presents a great challenge to environmental and water quality. As such, numerous types of research have been conducted for potential removal of emerging contaminants from water using advanced materials. Earth [...] Read more.
In modern society, frequent use of synthetic materials in the household and industry presents a great challenge to environmental and water quality. As such, numerous types of research have been conducted for potential removal of emerging contaminants from water using advanced materials. Earth materials, due to their low costs and vast reserves, have also been evaluated in great details for contaminant removal. In this study, a naturally occurring carbonate mineral dolomite (Dol) was assessed for the removal of an anionic dye alizarin red S (ARS) from aqueous solution before and after heat treatment to increase its performance. The ARS-removal capacities increased from 80 to 130 mmol/kg after heat treatment based on the isotherm study. And the ARS-removal efficiency rose by a factor of four as the partitioning coefficient increased from 1.5 to 6 L/mmol after heat treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed minute conversion of dolomite into calcite after samples being heated at 800 °C for 3 h. However, there were no phase changes for ARS before and after its sorption. Fourie transform infra-red (FTIR) results also showed a minute appearance of calcite after heating. Thus, the increase in ARS sorption could be due to surface reactivation of Dol after heating or due to formation of a minute amount of amorphous MgO in the system as a result of the conversion of Dol to calcite. The results from this study will add new perspectives to the utilization of Earth materials for environmental application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modifications on Materials)
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21 pages, 7816 KiB  
Article
Graphene-Derivative Coatings for the Prevention of Opacification Due to Calcification of Hydrophilic Intraocular Lenses
by Panagiota D. Natsi, Menelaos Kanakis, Labrini Sygellou, Panos S. Gartaganis, Sotirios P. Gartaganis and Petros G. Koutsoukos
Crystals 2024, 14(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14020150 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 779
Abstract
The widespread use of hydrophilic intraocular lenses (IOLs) in eye surgery, fabricated by poly-2-(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), has highlighted their calcification as a serious problem, implying that their surgical explantation is a rather risky process. The field of biomaterials has been developing rapidly in [...] Read more.
The widespread use of hydrophilic intraocular lenses (IOLs) in eye surgery, fabricated by poly-2-(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), has highlighted their calcification as a serious problem, implying that their surgical explantation is a rather risky process. The field of biomaterials has been developing rapidly in recent years, with research interest turning to the development of novel materials which involve either copolymers of PHEMA or protective functional coatings. Graphene coatings are particularly attractive because of their respective unique properties. In the present work, we present the results of the investigation of the development of graphene coatings on hydrophilic IOLs and their subsequent performance with respect to calcification opacification. Hydrophilic IOLs with a water content of 18% by weight were coated with graphene oxide (GO) by equilibration with GO suspensions in water. The concentrations of the suspensions ranged from 1 × 10−4 to 20 × 10−4% w/v. The GO suspensions were equilibrated with the IOLs for 5 days at a constant temperature, 37 °C, and rotated in 30 mL tubes end over end. This treatment resulted in the formation of a uniform coating of GO on the IOLs verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other physicochemical methods. The contact angle of the GO-coated IOLs decreased significantly in comparison with the uncoated IOLs. The GO-coated IOLs exhibited a higher tendency to calcify in supersaturated solutions simulating aqueous humor (SAH). The growth rate of hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH, HAP) on GO-coated IOLs was higher in comparison with the respective untreated IOLs. The conversion of the GO coating via a reduction with phenyl hydrazine resulted in the formation of a reduced-graphene (rGO) surface film, as identified by Raman and XPS spectroscopy. The rGO film was hydrophobic (contact angle 100°) and did not calcify in supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modifications on Materials)
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