Retrieving Sub-Canopy Terrain from ICESat-2 Data Based on the RNR-DCM Filtering and Erroneous Ground Photons Correction Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
2.1. Study Area
2.2. ICESat-2 Data
2.3. Reference Signal Photon Cloud Data
2.4. Airborne LiDAR Data
3. Methodologies
3.1. Overview of the Proposed Method
3.2. Photon Cloud Filtering
3.2.1. Grid Filtering
3.2.2. RNR-DCM Filtering
- (1)
- RNR Filtering
- (2)
- DCM Filtering
3.3. Sub-Canopy Terrain Retrieval
3.4. Assessment
3.4.1. Assessment of Filtering Results
3.4.2. Assessment of Sub-Canopy Terrain Results
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Photon Cloud Filtering Results
4.2. Results of Sub-Canopy Terrain Retrieval
4.2.1. Ground Photon Extraction
4.2.2. Identification and Correction of Erroneous Ground Photons
4.2.3. Sub-Canopy Terrain Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Area | Region | Granule ID | Latitude |
---|---|---|---|
CA | CAR | ATL03_20190414053207_02440301_001_01/gt3l | 6.38N–6.46N |
LD | USA | ATL03_20190407114719_01410302_002_01/gt1l | 43.23N–43.32N |
BOW | USA | ATL03_20190407114719_01410302_002_01/gt3l | 43.07N–43.15N |
HARV | USA | ATL03_20190411113900_02020302_003_01/gt2l | 42.43N–42.52N |
Region | R | P | F | OA | TP | FP | FN | TN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CA | 0.973 | 0.985 | 0.979 | 0.975 | 18,376 | 280 | 511 | 11,984 |
LD | 0.962 | 0.985 | 0.974 | 0.967 | 15,955 | 242 | 626 | 9124 |
BOW | 0.963 | 0.983 | 0.973 | 0.965 | 22,118 | 390 | 846 | 11,887 |
HARV | 0.959 | 0.985 | 0.972 | 0.961 | 26,018 | 385 | 1115 | 10,605 |
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Wu, Y.; Zhao, R.; Hu, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, K. Retrieving Sub-Canopy Terrain from ICESat-2 Data Based on the RNR-DCM Filtering and Erroneous Ground Photons Correction Approach. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 3904. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153904
Wu Y, Zhao R, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang K. Retrieving Sub-Canopy Terrain from ICESat-2 Data Based on the RNR-DCM Filtering and Erroneous Ground Photons Correction Approach. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(15):3904. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153904
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Yang, Rong Zhao, Qing Hu, Yujia Zhang, and Kun Zhang. 2023. "Retrieving Sub-Canopy Terrain from ICESat-2 Data Based on the RNR-DCM Filtering and Erroneous Ground Photons Correction Approach" Remote Sensing 15, no. 15: 3904. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153904