http://www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors/special_issues/sensors-environmental-monitoring/ {snippet name="submission_info"} http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/103/ In 1997, the Sensor Web was conceived at the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)to take advantage of the increasingly inexpensive, yet sophisticated, mass consumer-marketchips for the computer and telecommunication industries and use them to create platforms thatshare information among themselves and act in concert as a single instrument. This instrumentwould be embedded into an environment to monitor and even control it. The Sensor Web’spurpose is to extract knowledge from the data it collects and use this information to intelligentlyreact and adapt to its surroundings. It links a remote end-user's cognizance with the observedenvironment. Here, we examine not only current progress in the Sensor Web technology, butalso its recent application to problems in hydrology to illustrate the general concepts involved. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/103/ Mon, 28 Feb 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-02-28 5 1 Article 103 117 1424-8220 Environmental Studies with the Sensor Web: Principles and Practice 2005-02-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010103 Kevin A. Delin Shannon P. Jackson David W. Johnson Scott C. Burleigh Richard R. Woodrow J. Michael McAuley James M. Dohm Felipe Ip Ty P.A. Ferré Dale F. Rucker Victor R. Baker http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/97/ Artificial neural networks (ANN) were applied for use with electronic-nosegenerated analytical signals. The use of ANN as a sensor calibration means was evaluated.Piezoelectric quartz sensors array in addition to the ANN data allow recognition of aliphaticnitrohydrocarbons С1–С3. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/97/ Mon, 28 Feb 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-02-28 5 1 Article 97 102 1424-8220 Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Multitouch- Sensitive Systems for the Detection of Nitrohydrocarbons in the Air 2005-02-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010097 Andrew V. Kalach http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/85/ In this paper, the relationship between typical circuit structures of gas sensorcircuits and their output noise is analyzed. By using averaged segmenting periodical graphand improved histogram estimation methods, we estimated their noise power spectra andoptimal probability distribution functions (pdf). The results were confirmed throughexperiment studies. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/85/ Mon, 28 Feb 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-02-28 5 1 Article 85 96 1424-8220 Circuit and Noise Analysis of Odorant Gas Sensors in an E-Nose 2005-02-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010085 Fengchun Tian Simon X. Yang Kevin Dong http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/70/ Electrochemical biosensors have superior properties over other existingmeasurement systems because they can provide rapid, simple and low-cost on-fielddetermination of many biological active species and a number of dangerous pollutants. Inour work, we suggested a new heavy metal biosensor based on interaction of heavy metalions (Cd2+ and Zn2+ ) with phytochelatin, which was adsorbed on the surface of the hangingmercury drop electrode, using adsorptive transfer stripping differential pulse voltammetry.In addition, we applied the suggested technique for the determination of heavy metals in abiological sample – human urine and platinum in a pharmaceutical drug. The detectionlimits (3 S/N) of Cd(II), Zn(II) and cis-platin were about 1.0, 13.3 and 1.9 pmole in 5 μl,respectively. On the basis of the obtained results, we propose that the suggested techniqueoffers simple, rapid, and low-cost detection of heavy metals in environmental, biologicaland medical samples. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/70/ Mon, 28 Feb 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-02-28 5 1 Article 70 84 1424-8220 Phytochelatin Modified Electrode Surface as a Sensitive Heavy- Metal Ion Biosensor 2005-02-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010070 Vojtech Adam Josef Zehnalek Jitka Petrlova David Potesil Bernd Sures Libuse Trnkova Frantisek Jelen Jan Vitecek Rene Kizek http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/61/ Absorption and fluorescence properties of 4 hydraulic oils (3 biological and 1petroleum-based) were investigated. In-situ LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) analysis of theoils on a brown sandy loam soil was performed. With calibration, quantitative detection wasachieved. Estimated limits of detection were below ca. 500 mg/kg for the petroleum-basedoil and ca. 2000 mg/kg for one biological oil. A semi-quantitative classification scheme isproposed for monitoring of the biological oils. This approach was applied to investigate themigration of a biological oil in soil-containing compartments, namely a soil column and asoil bed. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/61/ Mon, 28 Feb 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-02-28 5 1 Article 61 69 1424-8220 In-situ LIF Analysis of Biological and Petroleum-based Hydraulic Oils on Soil 2005-02-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010061 Matthias Lemke Rebeca Fernández-Trujillo Hans-Gerd Löhmannsröbenc http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/51/ Groundwater contamination from 90Sr is an environmental challenge posed topresent and former nuclear weapons related sites. Traditional methods of extractinggroundwater samples and performing laboratory analyses are expensive, time-consumingand induce significant disposal challenges. The authors present here a prototype countercapable of measuring 90Sr groundwater concentrations in-situ at or below the drinking waterlimit of 8 pCi/liter. The 90Y daughter of 90Sr produces high-energy electrons, which cancreate Cerenkov light. Photomultiplier tubes convert the Cerenkov light into an electronicpulse, which then undergoes signal processing with standard electronics. Strontium-90concentrations near the drinking water limit can be measured in a matter of hours if it is insecular equilibrium with the 90Y daughter. The prototype counter is compact, can bedeployed in an American Standard 6-inch, well while operated by a single person, andtransmits the results to a central monitoring location. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/51/ Mon, 28 Feb 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-02-28 5 1 Article 51 60 1424-8220 Cerenkov Counter for In-Situ Groundwater Monitoring of 90Sr 2005-02-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010051 Robert C. Runkle Ronald L. Brodzinski David V. Jordan John S. Hartman Walter K. Hensley Melody A. Maynard William A. Sliger John E. Smart Lindsay C. Todd http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/38/ The capabilities of a “universal platform” for the deployment of analyticalsensors in the field for long-term monitoring of environmental contaminants were expandedin this investigation. The platform was previously used to monitor trichloroethene inmonitoring wells and at groundwater treatment systems (1,2). The platform was interfacedwith chromium (VI) and conductivity analytical systems to monitor shallow wells installedadjacent to the Columbia River at the 100-D Area of the Hanford Site, Washington. Agroundwater plume of hexavalent chromium is discharging into the Columbia River throughthe gravels beds used by spawning salmon. The sampling/analytical platform was deployedfor the purpose of collecting data on subsurface hexavalent chromium concentrations atmore frequent intervals than was possible with the previous sampling and analysis methodsemployed a the Site. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/38/ Mon, 28 Feb 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-02-28 5 1 Article 38 50 1424-8220 Automated Ground-Water Sampling and Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium using a “Universal” Sampling/Analytical System 2005-02-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010038 Scott R. Burge Dave A. Hoffman Mary J. Hartman Richard J. Venedam http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/4/ This paper surveys the needs associated with environmental monitoring and longtermenvironmental stewardship. Emerging sensor technologies are reviewed to identifycompatible technologies for various environmental monitoring applications. Thecontaminants that are considered in this report are grouped into the following categories:(1) metals, (2) radioisotopes, (3) volatile organic compounds, and (4) biologicalcontaminants. United States regulatory drivers are evaluated for different applications (e.g.,drinking water, storm water, pretreatment, and air emissions), and sensor requirements arederived from these regulatory metrics. Sensor capabilities are then summarized according tocontaminant type, and the applicability of the different sensors to various environmentalmonitoring applications is discussed. http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/4/ Mon, 28 Feb 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-02-28 5 1 Other 4 37 1424-8220 Overview of Sensors and Needs for Environmental Monitoring 2005-02-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010004 Clifford K. Ho Alex Robinson David R. Miller Mary J. Davis http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/1/ n/a http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/5/1/1/ Fri, 28 Jan 2005 00:00:00 CET Sensors 2005-01-28 5 1 Editorial 1 3 1424-8220 Sensors for Environmental Monitoring 2005-01-28 doi: 10.3390/s5010001 Clifford K. Ho M. J. Schöning