http://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/grunwald_winstein/ Dear Colleagues, The IJMS has agreed to publishe a special issue commemorating the 60th anniversary of the original Grunwald-Winstein Equation. In recent years several papers have highlighted its usefulness in Physical Organic Chemistry, especially appreciating its contribution in providing information utilized in the determination of mechanisms of reaction of useful organic compounds. I now strongly urge you to take advantage of this forum provided by IJMS, to submit your research articles or review commentaries on LFER’s, and studies on solvent interactions, for possible publication in this journal during 2008. Thank you, Malcolm J. D’Souza Guest Editor Leading Papers and Reviews D’Souza, M. J.; Reed, D.; Koyoshi, F.; Kevill, D. N. Consideration of the Factors Influencing the Specific Rates of Solvolysis of p-Methoxyphenyl Chloroformate. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2007, 8, 788-796 Kevill, D. N.; Koyoshi, F.; D’Souza M. J. Correlations of the Specific Rates of Solvolysis of Aromatic Carbamoyl Chlorides, Chloroformates, Chlorothionoformates, and Chlorodithioformates Revisited. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2007, 8, 346-362 Kyong, J. B.; Chan, J. R.; Kim, Y.-G.; Kevill, D. N. Rate and Product Studies with 2-Adamantyl Fluoroformate Under Solvolytic Conditions. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2007, 20, 525-531 Kevill, D. N.; Ryu, Z. H.; Niedermeyer, M. A.; Koyoshi, F.; D’Souza, M. J. Rate and Product Studies in the Solvolyses of Methanesulfonic Anhydride and a Comparison with Methanesulfonyl Chloride Solvolyses. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2007, 20, 431-438 Fujita, M.; Mishima, E.; Okuyama, T. Solvolysis of Methoxy-Substituted Diaryliodonium Tetrafluoroborates: Attempted Generation of a Stabilized Aryl Cation. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2007, 20, 241-244 Kevill, D. N.; Koh, H. J. Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of Diphenylphosphinyl Chloride Using an Extended Form of the Grunwald-Winstein Equation. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2007, 20, 88-92 Creary, X.; O'Donnell, B. D.; Vervaeke, M. Homoallyl-Cyclopropylcarbinyl Cation Manifold. Trimethylsilyl versus Aryl Stabilization. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2007, 9, 3360-3368 Kevill, D. N.; Kyong, J. B. Intramolecular Nucleophilic Assistance in the Solvolyses of Benzyl Derivatives: Solvolyses of o-Nitrobenzyl Bromide and Tosylate. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2007, 210-215 Berger, S. T. A.; Seeliger, F. H.; Hofbauer, F.; Mayr, H. Electrophilicity Parameters for 2-Benzylidene-indan-1,3-diones-A Systematic Extension of the Benzhydrylium Based Electrophilicity Scale. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 18, 3020-3026 Lee, S. H.; Rhu, C. J.; Kyong, J. B.; Kim, D. K.; Kevill, D. N. Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of Isopropyl Fluoroformate Using the Extended Grunwald-Winstein Equation. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2007, 28, 657-661 Liu, K. –T.; Chang, L. –W. ; Chin, C. –P. Kinetic Evidence for the Solvent Intervention in the Solvolysis of Tertiary Benzylic Benzoates. Chin. J. Chem. 2006, 24, 1238-1241 Bentley, T. W. Additivity Rules Using Similarity Models for Chemical Reactivity: Calculation and Interpretation of Electrofugality and Nucleofugality. Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 6514-6520 Bentley, T. W.; Garley, M. S. Correlations and Predictions of Solvent Effects on Reactivity: Some Limitations of Multi-Parameter Equations and Comparisons with Similarity Models Based on One Solvent Parameter. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2006, 19, 341-349 Kevill, D. N.; Park, B. C.; Park, K. H.; D’Souza, M. J.; Yaakoubd, L.; Mlynarski, S. L.; Kyong, J. B. Rate and Product Studies in the Solvolyses of N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl and 2-Propanesulfonyl Chlorides. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4, 1580-1586 D’Souza, M. J.; Boggs, M.E.; Kevill, D. N. Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of 2-Furancarbonyl Chloride & Three Naphthoyl Chlorides. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2006, 173-178 Denegri, B.; Streiter, A.; Juri, S.; Ofial, A. R.; Kronja, O.; Mayr, H. Kinetics of the Solvolyses of Benzhydryl Derivatives: Basis for the Construction of a Comprehensive Nucleofugality Scale. Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 1648-1656 Kevill, D. N.; Ryu, Z. H. Additional Solvent Ionizing Power Values for Binary Water-1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol Solvents. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2006, 7, 451-455 Kyong, J. B.; Ryu, S. H.; Kevill, D. N. Rate and Product Studies of Solvolyses of Benzyl Fluoroformate. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2006, 7, 186-196 Kevill, D. N.; Goken, E. G.; Park, B. C. Correlation of the Specific Rates of Solvolysis of Trimethylsilylmethyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate Using a Two-term Grunwald-Winstein Equation. J. Chem. Res. 2006, 173-175 Fujio, M.; Umezaki, Y.; Alam, Md. A.; Kikukawa, K.; Fujiyama, R.; Tsuno, Y. The β-Silicon Effect. II. Substituent Effects on the Solvolysis of 1-Aryl-2-(aryldimethylsilyl)ethyl 3,5-Dinitrobenzoates. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap. 2006, 79, 1091-1099 Submission All papers should be submitted to ijms@mdpi.org. To be published continuously until the deadline and papers will be listed together at the special issue website. Submitted papers should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere. All papers are refereed through a peer-review process. A guide for authors is available on the Instructions for Authors page. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed monthly journal published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International. Open Access publication fees are 800 CHF per paper. English correction fees and/or formatting fees (250 CHF) will be added in certain cases (1050 CHF per paper for those papers that require extensive additional formatting and/or English corrections). http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/3/929/ The specific rates of solvolysis of ethyl fluoroformate have been measured at 24.2 °C in 21 pure and binary solvents. These give a satisfactory correlation over the full range of solvents when the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation is applied. The sensitivities to changes in the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing power scale, and the kF/kCl values are very similar to those for solvolyses of n-octyl fluoroformate, consistent with the addition step of an addition-elimination pathway being rate-determining. For methanolysis, a solvent deuterium isotope effect of 3.10 is compatible with the incorporation of general-base catalysis into the substitution process. For five representative solvents, studies were made at several temperatures and activation parameters determined. The results are also compared with those reported earlier for ethyl chloroformate and mechanistic conclusions are drawn. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/3/929/ Mon, 02 Mar 2009 00:00:00 CET International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2009-03-02 10 3 Article 929 941 1422-0067 Corrrelation of the Specific Rates of Solvolysis of Ethyl Fluoroformate Using the Extended Grunwald-Winstein Equation 2009-03-02 doi: 10.3390/ijms10030929 Mi Hye Seong Jin Burm Kyong Young Hoon Lee Dennis N. Kevill http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/12/2639/ Additional specific rates of solvolysis have been determined, mainly in fluoroalcohol containing solvents, for benzenesulfonyl chloride (1) and p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2). For trans-β-styrenesulfonyl chloride (3), a study has been carried out in 43 pure and binary solvents, covering a wide range of hyroxylic solvent systems. For the specific rates of solvolyses of each of the three substrates, a good correlation was obtained over the full range of solvents when the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation was applied. The sensitivities to changes in solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power are similar to values determined earlier and an SN2 process is proposed. For 3, kinetic solvent isotope effects of 1.46 for kH2O/kD2O and 1.76 for kMeOH/kMeOD were determined. These are also compared to literature values for other sulfonyl chlorides. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/12/2639/ Wed, 17 Dec 2008 00:00:00 CET International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2008-12-17 9 12 Article 2639 2657 1422-0067 Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of Two Arenesulfonyl Chlorides and of trans-β-Styrenesulfonyl Chloride — Precursors in the Development of New Pharmaceuticals 2008-12-17 doi: 10.3390/ijms9122639 Zoon Ha Ryu Sang Wok Lee Malcolm J. D’Souza Lamia Yaakoubd Samantha E. Feld Dennis N. Kevill http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/11/2231/ Specific rates of solvolysis at 25oC for p-nitrophenyl chloroformate (1) are analyzed using the extended (two-term) Grunwald-Winstein equation. For 39 solvents, the sensitivities (l = 1.68±0.06 and m = 0.46±0.04) towards changes in solvent nucleophilicity (l) and solvent ionizing power (m) obtained, are similar to those previously observed for phenyl chloroformate (2) and p-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (3). The observations incorporating new kinetic data in several fluoroalcohol-containing mixtures, are rationalized in terms of the reaction being sensitive to substituent effects and the mechanism of reaction involving the addition (association) step of an additionelimination (association-dissociation) pathway being rate-determining. The l/m ratios obtained for 1, 2, and 3, are also compared to the previously published l/m ratios for benzyl chloroformate (4) and p-nitrobenzyl chloroformate (5). http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/11/2231/ Thu, 13 Nov 2008 00:00:00 CET International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2008-11-13 9 11 Article 2231 2242 1422-0067 Extended Grunwald-Winstein Analysis - LFER Used to Gauge Solvent Effects in p-Nitrophenyl Chloroformate Solvolysis 2008-11-13 doi: 10.3390/ijms9112231 Malcolm J. D’Souza Kevin E. Shuman Shannon E. Carter Dennis N. Kevill http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/9/1704/ The influence of carbon-carbon multiple bonds on the solvolyses of 3-chloro-3-methylbutyne (1), 2-chloro-2-phenylpropane (2), 2-bromo-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane (3), 4-chloro-4-methyl-2-pentyne (4) and 2-chloro-2-methylbutane (5) is critically evaluated through the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation. Substrates 1, 3 and 5 lead to correlations with unexpected negative sensitivity, h, to changes in the aromatic ring parameter, I. It is claimed that I is not a pure parameter, reflecting also some solvent nucleophilicity, NOTs, character. In substrates 2 and 4 the possibility of rearside solvation is reduced due to steric hindrance and/or cation stabilization and the best found correlations involve only the solvent ionizing power, Y, and I. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/9/1704/ Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:00:00 CEST International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2008-09-04 9 9 Article 1704 1716 1422-0067 The Influence of Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds on the Solvolyses of Tertiary Alkyl Halides: a Grunwald-Winstein Analysis 2008-09-04 doi: 10.3390/ijms9091704 Marina C. Reis Ruben Elvas-Leitão Filomena Martins http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/5/914/ Specific rates of solvolysis in hydroxylic solvents available for the solvolysis of 2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride and phenylmethanesulfonyl chloride are supplemented by determining the values in fluoroalcohol-containing solvents. The data sets are then correlated using the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation. For both substrates, it is found that a single correlation controls the influence of solvent over the full range of solvent composition. The sensitivities to solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power are compared to values available for other substrates. Three of these previous studies are upgraded by the incorporation of additional specific rate values from the recent literature. With a methyl, isopropyl, benzyl, aromatic or heteroaromatic group as the R group of RSO2Cl, a concerted SN2 mechanism is proposed for the solvolysis. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/5/914/ Sat, 24 May 2008 00:00:00 CEST International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2008-05-24 9 5 Article 914 925 1422-0067 Concerted Solvent Processes for Common Sulfonyl Chloride Precursors used in the Synthesis of Sulfonamide-based Drugs 2008-05-24 doi: 10.3390/ijms9050914 Malcolm J. D’Souza Lamia Yaakoubd Stacey L. Mlynarski Dennis N. Kevill