http://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/energy_technology_21st/ Dear Colleagues, The generation, storage, and transport of energy are among the greatest challenges, if not the most formidable challenge at all, for years to come. Although there have been exciting new developments in these fields, many open questions remain. Many of these are closely connected to materials science, physics, and chemistry. As a result, International Journal of Molecular Sciences will publish a special issue on energy technology for the 21st century. The special issue will showcase the latest and most promising developments for the next centuries. Contributions (reviews and original papers) from all branches of energy technology are welcome and will be considered for publication. Andreas Taubert Guest Editor Related Special Issue Energy Technology for the 21st Century - Materials and Devices in Materials Covered Subtopics and Leading Papers Metal Organic Frameworks Georgiev, I.G.; MacGillivray, L.R. Metal-mediated reactivity in the organic solid state: From self-assembled complexes to metal-organic frameworks. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2007, 36, 1239-1248. Yaghi, O.M. Metal-organic Frameworks: A tale of two entanglements. Nature Mat. 2007, 6, 92-93. Mueller, U.; Schubert, M.; Teich, F.; Puetter, H.; Schierle-Arndt, K.; Pastre, J. Metal-organic frameworks-prospective industrial applications. J. Mat. Chem. 2006, 16, 626-636 Photovoltaics Barnham, K.W. J.; Mazzer, M.; Clive, B. Resolving the energy crisis: nuclear or photovoltaics? Nature Mat. 2006, 5, 161-164. Peter, Laurence M. Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phy. 2007, 9, 2630-2642. Guenes, Serap; Neugebauer, Helmut; Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar. Conjugated Polymer-Based Organic Solar Cells. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1324-1338. Grimes, C.A. Synthesis and application of highly ordered arrays of TiO2 nanotubes. J. Mat. Chem. 2007, 17, 1451-1457. Peter, L.M. Characterization and Modeling of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 6601-6612. Walzer, K.; Maennig, B.; Pfeiffer, M.; Leo, K. Highly Efficient Organic Devices Based on Electrically Doped Transport Layers. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1233-1271. Fuel Cells Bock, T.; Moehwald, H.; Muelhaupt, R. Arylphosphonic acid-functionalized polyelectrolytes as fuel cell membrane material. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2007, 208, 1324-1340. Feldheim, D.L. The New Face of Catalysis. Science 2007, 316, 699-700. Gottesfeld, S. Polymer electrolyte and direct methanol fuel cells. Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry 2007, 5, 544-661. Satyapal, S.; Petrovic, J.; Thomas, G. Gassing up with hydrogen. Scientific American 2007, 296, 80-87. Steininger, H.; Schuster, M.; Kreuer, K. D.; Kaltbeitzel, A.; Bingoel, B.; Meyer, W. H.; Schauff, S.; Brunklaus, G.; Maier, J.; Spiess, H.W. Intermediate temperature proton conductors for PEM fuel cells based on phosphonic acid as protogenic group: A progress report. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2007, I, 1764-1773. Hydrogen Storage Felderhoff, M.;.Weidenthaler, C.; von Helmolt, R.; Eberle, U. Hydrogen storage: the remaining scientific and technological challenges. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2007, 9, 2643-2653. Biofuels Himmel, M.E.; Ding, S.Y.; Johnson, D.K.; Adney, W.S.; Nimlos, M.R.; Brady, J.W.; Foust, T.D. Biomass Recalcitrance: Engineering Plants and Enzymes for Biofuels Production. Science 2007, 315, 804-807. Stephanopoulos, G. Challenges in Engineering Microbes for Biofuels Production. Science 2007, 315, 801-804. Hahn-Haegerdal, B.; Galbe, M.; Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F.; Liden, G.; Zacchi,G. Bio-ethanol - the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of today. Trends Biotechn. 2006, 24, 549-556. Petrus, L.; Noordermeer, M.A. Biomass to biofuels, a chemical perspective. Green Chemistry 2006, 8, 861-867. Clark, J.H.; Budarin, V.; Deswarte, F.E.I.; Hardy, J. J.E.; Kerton, F.M.; Hunt, A.J.; Luque, R.; Macquarrie, D.J.; Milkowski, K.; Rodriguez, A.; Samuel, O.; Tavener, S.J.; White, R.J.; Wilson, A.J. Green chemistry and the biorefinery: a partnership for a sustainable future. Green Chemistry 2006, 8, 853-860. Sticklen, M. Plant genetic engineering to improve biomass characteristics for biofuels. Curr. Opin. Biotechn. 2006, 17, 315-319. Submission All papers should be submitted to ijms@mdpi.com. To be published continuously until the deadline and papers will be listed together at the special issue website. Submitted papers should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere. All papers are refereed through a peer-review process. A guide for authors is available on the Instructions for Authors page. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed monthly journal published by MDPI. Open Access publication fees are 800 CHF per paper. English correction fees and/or formatting fees (250 CHF) will be added in certain cases (1050 CHF per paper for those papers that require extensive additional formatting and/or English corrections). http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/11/4638/ This review is focused on molecular momentum transport at fluid-solid interfaces mainly related to microfluidics and nanofluidics in micro-/nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). This broad subject covers molecular dynamics behaviors, boundary conditions, molecular momentum accommodations, theoretical and phenomenological models in terms of gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces affected by various physical factors, such as fluid and solid species, surface roughness, surface patterns, wettability, temperature, pressure, fluid viscosity and polarity. This review offers an overview of the major achievements, including experiments, theories and molecular dynamics simulations, in the field with particular emphasis on the effects on microfluidics and nanofluidics in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In Section 1 we present a brief introduction on the backgrounds, history and concepts. Sections 2 and 3 are focused on molecular momentum transport at gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces, respectively. Summary and conclusions are finally presented in Section 4. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/11/4638/ Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 CET International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2009-10-29 10 11 Review 4638 4706 1422-0067 Molecular Momentum Transport at Fluid-Solid Interfaces in MEMS/NEMS: A Review 2009-10-29 doi: 10.3390/ijms10114638 Bing-Yang Cao Jun Sun Min Chen Zeng-Yuan Guo http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/1/325/ For the continuous production of electricity with solar heat power plants the storage of heat at a temperature level around 400 °C is essential. High temperature metal hydrides offer high heat storage capacities around this temperature. Based on Mg-compounds, these hydrides are in principle low-cost materials with excellent cycling stability. Relevant properties of these hydrides and their possible applications as heat storage materials are described. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/1/325/ Thu, 15 Jan 2009 00:00:00 CET International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2009-01-15 10 1 Review 325 344 1422-0067 High Temperature Metal Hydrides as Heat Storage Materials for Solar and Related Applications 2009-01-15 doi: 10.3390/ijms10010325 Michael Felderhoff Borislav Bogdanović http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/10/1893/ Saccharomyces cerevisiae present in common Baker’s yeast was used in a microbial fuel cell in which glucose was the carbon source. Methylene blue was used as the electronophore in the anode compartment, while potassium ferricyanide and methylene blue were tested as electron acceptors in the cathode compartment. Microbes in a mediator-free environment were used as the control. The experiment was performed in both open and closed circuit configurations under different loads ranging from 100 kΩ to 400Ω. The eukaryotic S. cerevisiae-based fuel cell showed improved performance when methylene blue and ferricyanide were used as electron mediators, rendering a maximum power generation of 146.71±7.7 mW/m3. The fuel cell generated a maximum open circuit voltage of 383.6±1.5 mV and recorded a maximum efficiency of 28±1.8 % under 100 kΩ of external load. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/10/1893/ Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:00:00 CEST International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2008-10-08 9 10 Article 1893 1907 1422-0067 Performance of a Yeast-mediated Biological Fuel Cell 2008-10-08 doi: 10.3390/ijms9101893 Anuradh Gunawardena Sandun Fernando Filip To http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/7/1156/ Photoinduced biohydrogen production systems, coupling saccharaides biomass such as sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, cellulose, or saccharides mixture hydrolysis by enzymes and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and hydrogen production with platinum colloid as a catalyst using the visible light-induced photosensitization of Mg chlorophyll-a (Mg Chl-a) from higher green plant or artificial chlorophyll analog, zinc porphyrin, are introduced. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/9/7/1156/ Tue, 08 Jul 2008 00:00:00 CEST International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2008-07-08 9 7 Review 1156 1172 1422-0067 Photoinduced Biohydrogen Production from Biomass 2008-07-08 doi: 10.3390/ijms9071156 Yutaka Amao