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Sustainability in Electrical Engineering

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2015) | Viewed by 47228

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nikos E. Mastorakis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Hellenic Naval Academy, 185 38 Pireas, Greece
Interests: multidimensional systems; computational methods for operation of electric railway systems; applied mathematics for environmental xenobiotic analysis; neural networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cornelia A. Bulucea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Craiova 200440, Romania
Interests: synchronous generators for electric power systems; generator circuit breakers; electric traction motors for electric railway vehicles; applied mathematics for pollutant analysis in electric power plants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concepts of sustainability need to be addressed along with the understanding that sustainable development is not about certificates or awards, but instead it is about the vitality of life on Earth. Future needs for sustainable development are likely to include a change in human values through education, and an industrial metabolism shift through responsible practical actions. A sustainable industrial metabolism, integrating technical and ecological aspects is one of the greatest challenges of humanity within the present industrial world. In line with this idea, the performance of sustainable electrical processes, systems and devices should be addressed. Research articles focusing on sustainability in electrical engineering and related topics are welcome for this Special Issue.

Topics of Interest:

  • Sustainability of Electric Power Systems
  • Applied Mathematics for Energy and Environment
  • Computational Methods in Electrical and Environmental Engineering
  • Sustainable Electric Railway Systems
  • Electric Equipment and Techniques for Industrial Waste Treatment
  • Mathematical Models to Correlate Biomedicine and Electrical Engineering
  • Strategic Management for Sustainability in Electrical Engineering
  • Energy and Exergy Efficiency of Industrial Systems
  • Renewable Energy Systems

Prof. Dr. Nikos E. Mastorakis
Dr. Cornelia A. Bulucea
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

References:

  1. Bulucea, C.A.; Rosen, M.A.; Nicola, D.A.; Mastorakis, N.E. Synoptic Approach of Synchronous Generator on Disconnection Processes in Electric Power Systems Comprising Generator Circuit Breakers. Wseas Transactions Power Syst. 2014, 9, 219–231.
  2. Bulucea, C.A.; Rosen, M.A.; Nicola, D.A.; Mastorakis, N.E. Approaching the Processes in the Generator Circuit Breaker at Disconnection through Sustainability Concepts. Sustainability 2013, 5, 1161–1176.
  3. Bulucea, C.A.; Rosen, M.A.; Mastorakis, N.E.; Brindusa, C. Approaching Resonant Absorption of Environmental Xenobiotics Harmonic Oscillation by Linear Structures. Sustainability 2012, 4, 561–573.
  4. Bulucea, C.A.; Rosen, M.A.; Nicola, D.A.; Mastorakis, N.E. Utilizing the Exergy Concept to Address Environmental Challenges of Electric Systmes. Entropy 2012, 14, 1894–1914.
  5. Bulucea, C.A.; Nicola, D.A.; Mastorakis, N.E.; Cismaru, D.C. Three-Phase Transformer Dynamic Regimes Modelling as Targeted Approach in Industrial Ecology. In Proceedings of the 5th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, 23–25 February 2010; pp. 234–241.
  6. Rosen, M.A.; Bulucea, C.A. Using Exergy to Understand and Improve the Efficiency of Electrical power Technologies. Entropy 2009, 11, 820–835.
  7. Mastorakis, N.E.; Bulucea, C.A.; Nicola, D.A. Modeling of Three-phase Induction Motors in Dynamic Regimes According to an Ecosystem Pattern. In Proceedings of the 13th WSEAS International Conference on Systems (CSCC’09), Rodos (Rhodes) Island, Greece, 22–24 July 2009; pp. 338–346
  8. Rosen, M.A.; Bulucea, C.A. Assessing Electrical Systems via Exergy: a Dualist View Incorporating Technical and Environmental Dimensions. In Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Engineering Education (EE’09), Rodos (Rhodes) Island, Greece, 22–24 July 2009; pp.116–123.
  9. Mastorakis, N.E.; Bulucea, C.A.; Nicola, D.A. Assessment of Thre-phase Induction Motors Dynamic Regims Following Ecosystem Patterns. Wseas Transactions Circuits Syst. 2009, 8, 651–661.
  10. Bulucea C.A; Nicola, D.A.; Manolea, G.; Brandusa, C.; Cismaru. D. Sustainability Concepts in Environmental and Engineering Education. Wseas Transactions Adv. Eng. Educ. 2008, 5, 447–458.
  11. Bulucea, C.A.; Nicola, D.A.; Brandusa, C.; Cismaru, D. Energy and Exergy Efficiencies in Urban Electric Transportation Systems. Wseas Transactions Environ. Dev. 2008, 4, 247–259.
  12. Bulucea, C.A.; Brandusa, C. Experimental Characterization of Environmental Impacts from Underground Electric Metro in Braking Regime. In Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS/IASME International Conference on ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS, HIGH VOLTAGES, ELECTRIC MACHINES (POWER’07), Venice, Italy, 21–23 November 2007; pp.254–255.

Keywords

  • electric systems
  • energy efficiency
  • environmental stewardship
  • mathematical models
  • sustainable development

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

4865 KiB  
Article
Lithium-Ion Batteries: Thermal Behaviour Investigation of Unbalanced Modules
by Odile Capron, Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar, Thierry Coosemans, Peter Van den Bossche and Joeri Van Mierlo
Sustainability 2015, 7(7), 8374-8398; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7078374 - 29 Jun 2015
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6462
Abstract
In this paper, the thermal behaviour of an unbalanced battery module made of large lithium iron phosphate cylindrical cells of 18 Ah nominal capacity is investigated during its discharge with 18 A, 54 A and 90 A currents. For this study, several cells [...] Read more.
In this paper, the thermal behaviour of an unbalanced battery module made of large lithium iron phosphate cylindrical cells of 18 Ah nominal capacity is investigated during its discharge with 18 A, 54 A and 90 A currents. For this study, several cells were assigned in the module to 5%, 10% and 20% initial depth of discharge (DoD). The thermal management of the cells in the module is achieved based on a forced air cooling. The computations of the temperature distribution inside the cells and the module are performed with a two-dimensional modelling approach. During the discharges, the cells with a non-zero initial DoD show a more pronounced temperature increase up to 5% compared to the reference cells. In the end of the three discharges, the highest temperatures 26.5 °C (18 A), 29.6 °C (54 A) and 32.3 °C (90 A), respectively, are reached for the cells with the highest initial DoD. For these cells, with the increase in the current rate, the highest amount of total heat exceeds 25 W. The reactive and the active heats are found to be the main contributors to the total heat generated by the cells. This study provides the effect of the initial DoD of the cells on the temperature development occurring in an unbalanced battery module during its discharge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Electrical Engineering)
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727 KiB  
Article
Effect of Agricultural Feedstock to Energy Conversion Rate on Bioenergy and GHG Emissions
by Chih-Chun Kung and Meng-Shiuh Chang
Sustainability 2015, 7(5), 5981-5995; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7055981 - 13 May 2015
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5574
Abstract
Taiwan is eager to develop renewable energy because it is vulnerable to energy price distortion and ocean level rise. Previous studies show bioenergy technologies can be applied mutually, but pay little attention on feedstocks to energy conversion rate, which has potential influences on [...] Read more.
Taiwan is eager to develop renewable energy because it is vulnerable to energy price distortion and ocean level rise. Previous studies show bioenergy technologies can be applied mutually, but pay little attention on feedstocks to energy conversion rate, which has potential influences on policy making in renewable energy and environment. This study employs a price endogenous mathematical programming model to simultaneously simulate the market operations under various feedstocks to energy conversion rates, energy prices, and greenhouse gas (GHG) prices. The result shows pyrolysis-based electricity can reach up to 2.75 billion kWh annually, but it will be driven out at low conversion rate and high GHG price. Pyrolysis plus biochar application will be the optimal option in terms of carbon sequestration. Market valuation on potential threats of extreme weather could have substantial influences on ethanol and renewable electricity generation. To achieve aimed GHG emission reduction and/or bioenergy production, government intervention may be involved to align the market operation with Taiwan’s environmental policy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Electrical Engineering)
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2001 KiB  
Article
Research on the Multi-Period Small-Signal Stability Probability of a Power System with Wind Farms Based on the Markov Chain
by Rundong Ge, Wenying Liu, Huiyong Li, Jianzong Zhuo and Weizhou Wang
Sustainability 2015, 7(4), 4582-4599; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7044582 - 17 Apr 2015
Viewed by 5333
Abstract
In the traditional studies on small-signal stability probability of a power system with wind farms, the frequency of wind speed was often assumed to obey to some extent a particular probability distribution. The stability probability that is thus obtained, however, actually only reflects [...] Read more.
In the traditional studies on small-signal stability probability of a power system with wind farms, the frequency of wind speed was often assumed to obey to some extent a particular probability distribution. The stability probability that is thus obtained, however, actually only reflects the power system stability characteristics on long time scales. In fact, there is a direct correlation between the change of wind speed and the current state of wind speed, resulting in the system stability characteristics in different time periods having a great difference compared with that of long time scales. However, the dispatchers are more concerned about the probability that the power system remains stable in the next period or after several periods, namely the stability characteristics of the power system in a short period or multi-period. Therefore, research on multi-period small-signal stability probability of a power system with wind farms has important theoretical value and practical significance. Based on the Markov chain, this paper conducted in-depth research on this subject. Firstly, the basic principle of the Markov chain was introduced, based on which we studied the uncertainty of wind power by adopting the transition matrix and the wind speed−power output transformation model and established the probability distribution model of multi-period wind power. Then the boundary-based small-signal stability probability evaluation method was used to establish an evaluation model of multi-period small-signal stability probability of power system with wind farms. Finally, taking the power system with two wind farms as an example, we analyzed its small-signal stability probability and studied the influence of the initial states of wind speed and different periods on the probability of stability. This study provides a new method and support for analyzing the small-signal stability probability of a power system with wind farms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Electrical Engineering)
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1154 KiB  
Article
Sustainability Aspects of Energy Conversion in Modern High-Speed Trains with Traction Induction Motors
by Marc A. Rosen, Doru A. Nicola, Cornelia A. Bulucea and Daniel C. Cismaru
Sustainability 2015, 7(3), 3441-3459; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7033441 - 20 Mar 2015
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7731
Abstract
Some aspects are illustrated of energy conversion processes during the operation of electric railway vehicles with traction induction motors, in order to support transport systems’ sustainability. Increasing efforts are being expended to enhance the sustainability of transportation technologies and systems. Since electric drive [...] Read more.
Some aspects are illustrated of energy conversion processes during the operation of electric railway vehicles with traction induction motors, in order to support transport systems’ sustainability. Increasing efforts are being expended to enhance the sustainability of transportation technologies and systems. Since electric drive systems are used with variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) inverters and traction induction motors, these machines with appropriate controls can realize both traction and electric braking regimes for electric traction vehicles. In line with this idea, this paper addresses the operation sustainability of electric railway vehicles highlighting the chain of interactions among the main electric equipment on an electrically driven railway system supplied from an a.c. contact line: The contact line-side converter, the machine-side converter and the traction induction motor. The paper supports the findings that electric traction drive systems using induction motors fed by network-side converters and VVVF inverters enhance the sustainable operation of railway trains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Electrical Engineering)
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1131 KiB  
Article
Estimating Solar Irradiation Absorbed by Photovoltaic Panels with Low Concentration Located in Craiova, Romania
by Ionel L. Alboteanu, Cornelia A. Bulucea and Sonia Degeratu
Sustainability 2015, 7(3), 2644-2661; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7032644 - 04 Mar 2015
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 8990
Abstract
Solar irradiation is one of the important parameters that should be taken into consideration for the design and utilization of a photovoltaic system. Usually, the input parameters of a photovoltaic system are solar irradiation, the ambient environment temperature and the wind speed, and [...] Read more.
Solar irradiation is one of the important parameters that should be taken into consideration for the design and utilization of a photovoltaic system. Usually, the input parameters of a photovoltaic system are solar irradiation, the ambient environment temperature and the wind speed, and as a consequence most photovoltaic systems are equipped with sensors for measuring these parameters. This paper presents several mathematical models for solar irradiation assessment. The starting point is represented by the mathematical model of extraterrestrial irradiation, and resulting finally in the model for solar irradiation, absorbed by a low concentration photovoltaic panel. These estimating models of solar irradiation have been particularized for the Craiova, Romania, and have been verified through numerical simulation. Regarding terrestrial solar irradiation, four mathematical models have been adopted, namely Adnot, Haurwitz, Kasten and Empirical (EIM). Of these, the most appropriate for the Craiova location were the models Adnot and Empirical. Consequently, for the calculation of the solar irradiation absorbed by the photovoltaic (PV) panels with low concentration, these models have been taken into consideration. In this study, a comparative analysis was also carried out with respect to the solar irradiation absorbed by the PV panels without concentration and those with collectedness of the solar radiation. This analysis was based on the results of numerical simulation and experimental tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Electrical Engineering)
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3968 KiB  
Article
Stationary Charging Station Design for Sustainable Urban Rail Systems: A Case Study at Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., China
by Heng Li, Jun Peng, Weirong Liu and Zhiwu Huang
Sustainability 2015, 7(1), 465-481; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7010465 - 05 Jan 2015
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 8347
Abstract
In 2014, more than 43 cities in China were racing to construct their urban rail systems (including metro and light rail systems), recognizing that an urban rail system will be a good solution to the tough problems that they are faced with, including [...] Read more.
In 2014, more than 43 cities in China were racing to construct their urban rail systems (including metro and light rail systems), recognizing that an urban rail system will be a good solution to the tough problems that they are faced with, including traffic congestion and PM2.5 air pollution. On 22 August 2012, the first electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) energy storage-type rail vehicle in the world was unveiled at Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., China. The EDLC rail system has been considered a promising sustainable urban rail system, which is expected to further improve the energy efficiency and to reduce environmental pollution. The first commercial EDLC tram produced by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co. has been applied at Guangzhou Metro Corp. recently. From the view point of scientific research, the system design and energy management of EDLC rail systems have been extensively studied in the literature, while the stationary charging station design for the EDLC energy storage-type urban rail vehicles has been rarely reported. Thus, the aim of this paper is to report a stationary charging station that has been successfully applied in the EDLC rail system produced by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Electrical Engineering)
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