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Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Solar Radiation, Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2008) | Viewed by 65891

Special Issue Editors

Department of Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus 14280 Bolu, Turkey
Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, University Park, PA 16802-5000, USA
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue will focus on the integration of remote sensing, sensors, geographical information systems (GIS), process-based models, and empirical models to quantify interactions among solar radiation, climate and biogeochemical cycles in ecological systems at local-to-global scales. Full research papers with new findings and reviews about the state-of-the-art of integration methods for spatial and temporal modeling of changes in the biosphere-atmosphere-hydrosphere-pedosphere systems are welcome. Submissions are strongly encouraged for the following topics, but are not limited to the following:

  • Utilization of remotely sensed data for solar radiation (SR), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), canopy dynamics, land-use/land-cover dynamics;
  • Application of GIS and geostatistics to model feedbacks and dynamics of solar radiation and biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, water);
  • Integration of remotely sensed data, GIS, and mechanistic and empirical models to have a better understanding and quantification of interactions among solar radiation, climate, distribution of ecosystems and/or plant functional types, and biological and/or ecosystem productivity; and
  • Simulation of changes in SR, PAR and cloudiness and their impacts on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate change scenarios.

Prof. Dr. Turgay Ertekin
Dr. Fatih Evrendilek
Guest Editors

Keywords

  • spatio-temporal modeling
  • biogeochemical cycles
  • climate change
  • spatial interpolation
  • remote sensing
  • GIS
  • biological productivity

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

307 KiB  
Article
Modeling Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Optimum Tilt Angles for Solar Collectors in Turkey
by Can Ertekin, Fatih Evrendilek and Recep Kulcu
Sensors 2008, 8(5), 2913-2931; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8052913 - 06 May 2008
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 12694
Abstract
Quantifying spatial and temporal variations in optimal tilt angle of a solar collector relative to a horizontal position assists in maximizing its performance for energy collection depending on changes in time and space. In this study, optimal tilt angles were quantified for solar [...] Read more.
Quantifying spatial and temporal variations in optimal tilt angle of a solar collector relative to a horizontal position assists in maximizing its performance for energy collection depending on changes in time and space. In this study, optimal tilt angles were quantified for solar collectors based on the monthly global and diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface across Turkey. The dataset of monthly average daily global solar radiation was obtained from 158 places, and monthly diffuse radiation data were estimated using an empirical model in the related literature. Our results showed that high tilt angles during the autumn (September to November) and winter (December to February) and low tilt angles during the summer (March to August) enabled the solar collector surface to absorb the maximum amount of solar radiation. Monthly optimum tilt angles were estimated devising a sinusoidal function of latitude and day of the year, and their validation resulted in a high R2 value of 98.8%, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.06o. Full article
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1852 KiB  
Article
Multidirectional Scanning Model, MUSCLE, to Vectorize Raster Images with Straight Lines
by Ismail Rakip Karas, Bulent Bayram, Fatmagul Batuk, Abdullah Emin Akay and Ibrahim Baz
Sensors 2008, 8(4), 2673-2694; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8042673 - 15 Apr 2008
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 11412
Abstract
This paper presents a new model, MUSCLE (Multidirectional Scanning for Line Extraction), for automatic vectorization of raster images with straight lines. The algorithm of the model implements the line thinning and the simple neighborhood methods to perform vectorization. The model allows users to [...] Read more.
This paper presents a new model, MUSCLE (Multidirectional Scanning for Line Extraction), for automatic vectorization of raster images with straight lines. The algorithm of the model implements the line thinning and the simple neighborhood methods to perform vectorization. The model allows users to define specified criteria which are crucial for acquiring the vectorization process. In this model, various raster images can be vectorized such as township plans, maps, architectural drawings, and machine plans. The algorithm of the model was developed by implementing an appropriate computer programming and tested on a basic application. Results, verified by using two well known vectorization programs (WinTopo and Scan2CAD), indicated that the model can successfully vectorize the specified raster data quickly and accurately. Full article
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1941 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Water Heating Systems inTurkey
by Can Ertekin, Recep Kulcu and Fatih Evrendilek
Sensors 2008, 8(2), 1252-1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8021252 - 25 Feb 2008
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 13834
Abstract
In this study, solar water heater was investigated using meteorological and geographical data of 129 sites over Turkey. Three different collector types were compared in terms of absorber material (copper, galvanized sheet and selective absorber). Energy requirement for water heating, collector performances, and [...] Read more.
In this study, solar water heater was investigated using meteorological and geographical data of 129 sites over Turkey. Three different collector types were compared in terms of absorber material (copper, galvanized sheet and selective absorber). Energy requirement for water heating, collector performances, and economical indicators were calculated with formulations using observed data. Results showed that selective absorbers were most appropriate in terms of coverage rate of energy requirement for water-heating all over Turkey. The prices of selective, copper and galvanized absorber type’s heating systems in Turkey were 740.49, 615.69 and 490.89 USD, respectively. While payback periods (PBPs) of the galvanized absorber were lower, net present values (NPVs) of the selective absorber were higher than the rest. Copper absorber type collectors did not appear to be appropriate based on economical indicators. Full article
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2044 KiB  
Article
Application of GeoWEPP for Determining Sediment Yield and Runoff in the Orcan Creek Watershed in Kahramanmaras, Turkey
by Alaaddin Yüksel, Abdullah E. Akay, Recep Gundogan, Mahmut Reis and Muzaffer Cetiner
Sensors 2008, 8(2), 1222-1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8021222 - 22 Feb 2008
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 11865
Abstract
The geo-spatial interface of the WEPP model called GeoWEPP uses digital geo-referenced information integrated with the most common GIS tools to predict sedimentyield and runoff. The model determines where and when the sediment yield and runoffoccurs and locates possible deposition places. In this [...] Read more.
The geo-spatial interface of the WEPP model called GeoWEPP uses digital geo-referenced information integrated with the most common GIS tools to predict sedimentyield and runoff. The model determines where and when the sediment yield and runoffoccurs and locates possible deposition places. In this study, the sediment yield and runofffrom Orcan Creek watershed in Kahramanmaras region was estimated by using GeoWEPPmodel. To investigate the performance of the model, the sediment yield and runoff resultsfrom the GeoWEPP model were compared with the observed monthly data collected fromthe sample watershed. The average Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) between observedand predicted average annual sediment yield and runoff were 2.96 and 8.43, respectively.The index of agreement was 0.98 and 0.99 for sediment yield and runoff, respectively,which indicated that the model predictions provided good results. Full article
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4057 KiB  
Article
Using ASTER Imagery in Land Use/cover Classification of Eastern Mediterranean Landscapes According to CORINE Land Cover Project
by Alaaddin Yüksel, Abdullah E. Akay and Recep Gundogan
Sensors 2008, 8(2), 1237-1251; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8021287 - 21 Feb 2008
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 15554
Abstract
The satellite imagery has been effectively utilized for classifying land covertypes and detecting land cover conditions. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emissionand Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor imagery has been widely used in classificationprocess of land cover. However, atmospheric corrections have to be made by [...] Read more.
The satellite imagery has been effectively utilized for classifying land covertypes and detecting land cover conditions. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emissionand Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor imagery has been widely used in classificationprocess of land cover. However, atmospheric corrections have to be made by preprocessingsatellite sensor imagery since the electromagnetic radiation signals received by the satellitesensors can be scattered and absorbed by the atmospheric gases and aerosols. In this study,an ASTER sensor imagery, which was converted into top-of-atmosphere reflectance(TOA), was used to classify the land use/cover types, according to COoRdination ofINformation on the Environment (CORINE) land cover nomenclature, for an arearepresenting the heterogonous characteristics of eastern Mediterranean regions inKahramanmaras, Turkey. The results indicated that using the surface reflectance data ofASTER sensor imagery can provide accurate (i.e. overall accuracy and kappa values of83.2% and 0.79, respectively) and low-cost cover mapping as a part of inventory forCORINE Land Cover Project. Full article
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