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Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors
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Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2019) | Viewed by 23141

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ilaria Fratoddi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: nanomaterials; metal nanoparticles; metal oxide nanoparticles; polymers; nanostructured polymeric materials; hybrid nanostructures; organometallic complexes; nanomaterials synthesis and characterization; nanomaterial applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In last few years, nanomaterials based on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as well nanostructured polymers have found a wide range of uses in chemical sensors as a viable alternative to bulk ceramics or semiconducting compounds. The enhanced sensitivity towards gaseous analytes has made them ideal candidates in the design of absorption and detection devices and gas sensors, including sensing applications for relative humidity, hydrogen, flammable gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and highly toxic inorganic or organometallic volatile molecules such as Hg- and Hg-based compounds.

Nanostructure plays an important role in the sensitivity of low quantities as well as in the selectivity of different analytes thanks to a modern chemiometric approach that could improve the selectivity of a sensing array. The research for selective, sensible, accurate, and reliable sensors is still a hot topic and warrants further investigation from the point of view of different materials, different sizes, and different morphologies, with the aim of deepening the understanding of the different sensing mechanisms involved.

The synthesis of novel nanostructured materials suitable for applications in sensor devices opens new avenues, for example, the use of different chemical functionalities in nanostructured polymers or hydrophilic/hydrophobic layers on metal nanoparticle surfaces, as well as the formation of new nanocomposites that could show an enhanced and synergistic selectivity with respect to the starting components.

This Special Issue, entitled "Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors", intends to highlight the emerging studies on nanomaterials based on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as well nanostructured polymers and their applications in chemical sensors and, in particular, gas and vapor sensors. For this Special Issue, we invite the submission of review articles, original research articles, and communications/letters to editors covering (but not limited to) the following topics: the preparation of new materials suitable for chemical sensors and gas sensors, functionalized metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, nanostructured polymers, and composites-based gas sensors.

We look forward to receiving your contribution to this Special Issue.

Dr. Ilaria Fratoddi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • functionalized metal nanoparticles
  • nanostructured polymers
  • nanocomposites
  • gas/vapor detection
  • gas/vapor absorption
  • chemical sensors

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4869 KiB  
Article
A Highly Sensitive and Selective ppb-Level Acetone Sensor Based on a Pt-Doped 3D Porous SnO2 Hierarchical Structure
by Wenjing Quan, Xuefeng Hu, Xinjie Min, Junwen Qiu, Renbing Tian, Peng Ji, Weiwei Qin, Haixin Wang, Ting Pan, Suishi Cheng, Xiaoqiang Chen, Wei Zhang, Xiaoru Wang and Hua Zheng
Sensors 2020, 20(4), 1150; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041150 - 19 Feb 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3923
Abstract
In view of the low sensitivity, high operating temperature and poor selectivity of acetone measurements, in this paper much effort has been paid to improve the performance of acetone sensors from three aspects: increasing the surface area of the material, improving the surface [...] Read more.
In view of the low sensitivity, high operating temperature and poor selectivity of acetone measurements, in this paper much effort has been paid to improve the performance of acetone sensors from three aspects: increasing the surface area of the material, improving the surface activity and enhancing gas diffusion. A hierarchical flower-like Pt-doped (1 wt %) 3D porous SnO2 (3DPS) material was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. The micropores of the material were constructed by subsequent annealing. The results of the experiments show that the 3DPS-based sensor's response is strongly dependent on temperature, exhibiting a mountain-like response curve. The maximum sensor sensitivity (Ra/Rg) was found to be as high as 505.7 at a heating temperature of 153 °C and with an exposure to 100 ppm acetone. Additionally, at 153 °C, the sensor still had a response of 2.1 when exposed to 50 ppb acetone gas. The 3DPS-based sensor also has an excellent selectivity for acetone detection. The high sensitivity can be explained by the increase in the specific surface area brought about by the hierarchical flower-like structure, the enhanced surface activity of the noble metal nanoparticles, and the rapid diffusion of free-gas and adsorbed gas molecules caused by the multiple channels of the microporous structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors)
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13 pages, 4376 KiB  
Article
Effects of Chemical State of the Pd Species on H2 Sensing Characteristics of PdOx/SnO2 Based Chemiresistive Sensors
by Tianjiao Qi, Jie Sun, Xi Yang, Fanfan Yan and Ji Zuo
Sensors 2019, 19(14), 3131; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143131 - 16 Jul 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4188
Abstract
In this paper, the PdOx nanoparticles modified SnO2 are prepared using sputtering and wet chemical methods. The SnO2 nanoparticles are separately added to a concentration of 0.75% to 10% PdCl2 to obtain a PdCl2/SnO2 composite material, [...] Read more.
In this paper, the PdOx nanoparticles modified SnO2 are prepared using sputtering and wet chemical methods. The SnO2 nanoparticles are separately added to a concentration of 0.75% to 10% PdCl2 to obtain a PdCl2/SnO2 composite material, which is calcined for 1 to 2 h at the temperatures of 120 °C, 250 °C, 450 °C and 600 °C. The PdOx/SnO2 nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructural observations revealed PdOx with different chemical states attached to the surface of SnO2. Hydrogen response change tests were performed on the obtained PdOx/SnO2 gas sensing materials. The results show that the high gas sensing performance may be attributed to the contribution of the PdOx-loaded SnO2. In hydrogen, the best sensitivity response was attained at 80 °C, which is 60 times that of pristine SnO2. It clarifies the role of PdOx in the gas sensing mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors)
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12 pages, 2117 KiB  
Article
Classification of Tea Aromas Using Multi-Nanoparticle Based Chemiresistor Arrays
by Tuo Gao, Yongchen Wang, Chengwu Zhang, Zachariah A. Pittman, Alexandra M. Oliveira, Kan Fu, Jing Zhao, Ranjan Srivastava and Brian G. Willis
Sensors 2019, 19(11), 2547; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112547 - 04 Jun 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4580
Abstract
Nanoparticle based chemical sensor arrays with four types of organo-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were introduced to classify 35 different teas, including black teas, green teas, and herbal teas. Integrated sensor arrays were made using microfabrication methods including photolithography and lift-off processing. Different types [...] Read more.
Nanoparticle based chemical sensor arrays with four types of organo-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were introduced to classify 35 different teas, including black teas, green teas, and herbal teas. Integrated sensor arrays were made using microfabrication methods including photolithography and lift-off processing. Different types of nanoparticle solutions were drop-cast on separate active regions of each sensor chip. Sensor responses, expressed as the ratio of resistance change to baseline resistance (ΔR/R0), were used as input data to discriminate different aromas by statistical analysis using multivariate techniques and machine learning algorithms. With five-fold cross validation, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) gave 99% accuracy for classification of all 35 teas, and 98% and 100% accuracy for separate datasets of herbal teas, and black and green teas, respectively. We find that classification accuracy improves significantly by using multiple types of nanoparticles compared to single type nanoparticle arrays. The results suggest a promising approach to monitor the freshness and quality of tea products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors)
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10 pages, 3277 KiB  
Article
Distance-Based Paper Device Combined with Headspace Extraction for Determination of Cyanide
by Papichaya Khatha, Thanyarat Phutthaphongloet, Phenphitcha Timpa, Benjawan Ninwong, Kamolwich Income, Nalin Ratnarathorn and Wijitar Dungchai
Sensors 2019, 19(10), 2340; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102340 - 21 May 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4081
Abstract
We report for the first time a distance-based paper device based on gold/silver core shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) for a simple, inexpensive, instrument-free, and portable determination of cyanide by the naked eye. Au@Ag NPs immobilized on a paper channel were etched by cyanide [...] Read more.
We report for the first time a distance-based paper device based on gold/silver core shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) for a simple, inexpensive, instrument-free, and portable determination of cyanide by the naked eye. Au@Ag NPs immobilized on a paper channel were etched by cyanide ions so that a yellow color band length of Au@Ag NPs is proportional to a decrease in the cyanide concentration. Quantification is achieved by measuring color length, thus eliminating the need to differentiate hues and intensities by the user, and the processing data of each imaging device. Moreover, the paper-based headspace extraction was combined with the distance-based paper device to improve the sensitivity. The enrichment factor was found to be 30-fold and the linearity was found in the range 0.05–1 mg L−1. The naked eye detection limit was 10 μg L−1 where the World Health Organization (WHO) have regulated the maximum level of cyanide in drinking water as 70 μg L−1. Our proposed device also showed no interference from common cations and anions presenting in seawater and waste water including thiocyanate, chloride. Finally, our device has been successfully applied to determine cyanide ions in seawater, drinking water, tap water and wastewater providing satisfactory precision and accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors)
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9 pages, 3145 KiB  
Article
Flexible and Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensor Based on Organic Nanofibers Decorated by Pd Nanoparticles
by Hongchuan Jiang, Yibing Yu, Luying Zhang, Jun Zhu, Xiaohui Zhao and Wanli Zhang
Sensors 2019, 19(6), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061290 - 14 Mar 2019
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2962
Abstract
A highly sensitive and flexible hydrogen sensor based on organic nanofibers decorated by Pd nanoparticles (NPs) was designed and fabricated for low-concentration hydrogen detection. Pd NPs were deposited on organic nanofiber materials by DC magnetron sputtering. The temperature dependence of the sensitivity at [...] Read more.
A highly sensitive and flexible hydrogen sensor based on organic nanofibers decorated by Pd nanoparticles (NPs) was designed and fabricated for low-concentration hydrogen detection. Pd NPs were deposited on organic nanofiber materials by DC magnetron sputtering. The temperature dependence of the sensitivity at 25 ppm H2 was characterized and discussed, and the maximum response of the sensor increased linearly with increasing measurement temperature. Performances of the hydrogen sensor were investigated with hydrogen concentration ranging from 5 ppm to 50 ppm. This sensor exhibits high sensitivity, with the response up to 6.55% for H2 as low as 5 ppm, and the output response of the hydrogen sensor increased linearly with the square root of hydrogen concentration. A cycling test between pure nitrogen and 25 ppm hydrogen concentration was performed, and the hydrogen sensor exhibited excellent consistency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors)
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11 pages, 3194 KiB  
Article
HCl Gas Sensor Coating Based on Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Nanoparticles Prepared from Water-Methanol Binary Solvent
by Masanobu Matsuguchi and Shinnosuke Fujii
Sensors 2018, 18(10), 3283; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103283 - 29 Sep 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2573
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanoparticles formed in water-methanol binary solvent were successfully deposited on a resonator surface at room temperature by exploiting the cononsolvency effect on the phase transition of PNIPAM aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the nanoparticles were secondary [...] Read more.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanoparticles formed in water-methanol binary solvent were successfully deposited on a resonator surface at room temperature by exploiting the cononsolvency effect on the phase transition of PNIPAM aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the nanoparticles were secondary and made up of agglomerated primary spherical particles of about 10-nm diameter, buried in the film. The magnitude of the sensor response toward HCl gas was larger than that of the nanoparticle sensor prepared from pure water solvent, and the sensitivity to 1 ppm of HCl of sensor-coated nanoparticles based on the present method was 3.3 Hz/ppm. The recovery of the sensors was less than 90% at first cycle measurement, but had improved to almost 100% at the third cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles-Based Gas Sensors)
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