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Polymers
Special Issues
Holographic Materials and Photonic Applications
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Holographic Materials and Photonic Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2019) | Viewed by 20827

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Manuel Francisco Ortuño Sánchez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. I.U. Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
2. Department de Física, Ing. de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
Interests: photopolymers; holography; biopolymers; h-pdlc; liquid crystal polymers; light sensitive materials; dyes; micro- and nanoparticles; glass materials; dye chemistry; nano materials; holographic memories; optical microdevices; holographic optical elements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, photonic applications, such as sensors, holographic memories, solar concentrators, and optical elements, undergo quick development. These applications are increasing their complexity and need materials with new features; for example, a specific internal structure, low toxicity, and the ability to interact with specific molecules or analytes. In addition, new techniques and experimental procedures related to sample preparation, stabilization, bleaching, and manipulation of spacers are necessary.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the progress and fundamental aspects of holographic materials, photonic applications, and the experimental procedures involved. Interesting manuscripts for this Special Issue are related to one or more of these three main aspects. Therefore, in the materials scope, works on photopolymers, light sensitive materials, additives, nanomaterials and composites are welcome. In relation to the applications, those related to holographic optical elements, sensors, holographic memories, etc., would be interesting. Regarding experimental procedures, manuscripts related to sample preparation, formulation, stabilization processes, preparation of films, manipulation of spacers, etc., are welcome.

Dr. Manuel Francisco Ortuño Sánchez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Holographic polymers and composites (liquid crystals, nanomaterials, additives, etc.)
  • Photopolymers
  • HPDLC
  • Low toxicity materials for holography
  • Holographic optical elements
  • Diffractive gratings
  • Sensors
  • Holographic lenses
  • Holographic interferometry
  • Materials for holographic data storage
  • Applications in photonics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 3612 KiB  
Article
Polymer M-Z Thermal Optical Switch at 532-nm Based on Wet Etching and UV-Writing Waveguide
by Jiawen Lv, Yue Cao, Baizhu Lin, Yue Yang, Yue Sun, Shuai Li, Yunji Yi, Fei Wang and Daming Zhang
Polymers 2019, 11(6), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11060995 - 04 Jun 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3068
Abstract
Polymer thermal optical switches have low power consumption and 532 nm is the communication window of polymer fiber. Polymer thermal optical switches at 532 nm are rarely reported, because of switching extinction ratio properties that are restricted by modes of the waveguide. Single [...] Read more.
Polymer thermal optical switches have low power consumption and 532 nm is the communication window of polymer fiber. Polymer thermal optical switches at 532 nm are rarely reported, because of switching extinction ratio properties that are restricted by modes of the waveguide. Single mode waveguide at 532 nm is hard to fabricate due to the dissolution of core and cladding materials. A polymer M-Z thermal optical switch at 532 nm was first demonstrated based on the wet etching method. The proposed thermal optical switch was consisted of silica substrate, photosensitive polymer core, and cladding material. The device was fabricated and tested with the power consumption of 6.55mW, extinction of 4.8 dB, and switching time of 0.23 ms (rise)/0.28 ms (down). An optimized switch structure combining with the UV-writing technique and graphene thermal conduction layer was proposed based on the experiments above. A side electrode was designed to reduce the power consumption and the switching time. The optimized device was calculated to have a power consumption of 1.5 mW. The switching time of the UV-writing device was simulated to be 18.2 μs (rise) and 85 μs (down). The device is promising in the wearable device and laser radar area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holographic Materials and Photonic Applications)
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14 pages, 2209 KiB  
Article
Holographic Formation of Non-uniform Diffraction Structures by Arbitrary Polarized Recording Beams in Liquid Crystal-photopolymer Compositions
by Artem Semkin and Sergey Sharangovich
Polymers 2019, 11(5), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050861 - 11 May 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3279
Abstract
In this work, the theoretical model of non-uniform diffraction structures’ holographic formation in liquid crystal-photopolymer (LC-PPM) composite materials with a dye-sensitizer is developed. The model takes into account the arbitrary character of amplitude and phase spatial distributions of recording light field, its arbitrary [...] Read more.
In this work, the theoretical model of non-uniform diffraction structures’ holographic formation in liquid crystal-photopolymer (LC-PPM) composite materials with a dye-sensitizer is developed. The model takes into account the arbitrary character of amplitude and phase spatial distributions of recording light field, its arbitrary polarization state and also a non-linearity of the recording process. Two the most common types of liquid crystal-photopolymer composite are investigated: Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLC) and polymer-stabilized liquid crystals (PSLC). Numerical simulations for the most common cases of holographic formation schemes are made. It is shown that due to the photo-induced Freedericksz transition, in the case of arbitrary polarization states of recording light beams, the non-uniform polarization diffraction grating (PDG) is formed in LC-PPM. Numerical simulations’ results show that PDG’s contribution to the change of the dielectric tensor of the media is comparable with the contribution of the photopolymerization-diffusion process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holographic Materials and Photonic Applications)
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14 pages, 4068 KiB  
Article
Influence of Tert-Butylthiol and Tetrahydrofuran on the Holographic Characteristics of a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal: A Research Line Toward a Specific Sensor for Natural Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas
by María P. Mora, Manuel G. Ramírez, Francisco Brocal, Manuel Ortuño, Augusto Beléndez and Inmaculada Pascual
Polymers 2019, 11(2), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11020254 - 02 Feb 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2976
Abstract
Tert-Butylthiol (TBT) and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) are odorant substances added to natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas to help their detection by the human smell. In this research, TBT and THT are incorporated into a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal and their influence in the [...] Read more.
Tert-Butylthiol (TBT) and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) are odorant substances added to natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas to help their detection by the human smell. In this research, TBT and THT are incorporated into a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal and their influence in the main holographic characteristics of the photopolymer are studied in order to open the way towards the design of a holographic sensor to detect natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holographic Materials and Photonic Applications)
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16 pages, 5699 KiB  
Article
Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings in CYTOP Fibers for Angle Measurement with Dynamic Compensation
by Arnaldo Leal-Junior, Antreas Theodosiou, Camilo Díaz, Carlos Marques, Maria José Pontes, Kyriacos Kalli and Anselmo Frizera-Neto
Polymers 2018, 10(6), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10060674 - 17 Jun 2018
Cited by 77 | Viewed by 4421
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the use of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) for angle measurements over a range of different oscillatory frequencies. The POFBGs are inscribed in low-loss, cyclic transparent amorphous fluoropolymers (CYTOP) and are imprinted using the direct-write, plane-by-plane femtosecond laser inscription [...] Read more.
This paper demonstrates the use of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) for angle measurements over a range of different oscillatory frequencies. The POFBGs are inscribed in low-loss, cyclic transparent amorphous fluoropolymers (CYTOP) and are imprinted using the direct-write, plane-by-plane femtosecond laser inscription method. As the polymer has a viscoelastic response and given that the Young’s modulus depends on the oscillatory frequency, a compensation technique for sensor frequency cross-sensitivity and hysteresis is proposed and verified. Results show that the proposed compensation technique is able to provide a root mean squared error (RMSE) reduction of 44%, and a RMSE as low as 2.20° was obtained when compared with a reference potentiometer. The hysteresis reduction provided by the proposed technique is 55%, with hysteresis <0.01. The results presented in this paper can pave the way for movement analysis with POFBG providing higher sensitivity and low hysteresis over a large range of motion frequencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holographic Materials and Photonic Applications)
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11 pages, 5728 KiB  
Article
Diffractive and Interferometric Characterization of Nanostructured Photopolymer for Sharp Diffractive Optical Elements Recording
by Roberto Fernández, Sergi Gallego, Yasuo Tomita, Inmaculada Pascual and Augusto Beléndez
Polymers 2018, 10(5), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10050518 - 10 May 2018
Viewed by 3238
Abstract
We study the behavior of a nanoparticle-polymer composite (NPC) material, based on a thiol-ene monomer system, working with long grating spacing. Thus, we evaluate the suitability of the NPC for storing complex diffractive optical elements with sharp profiles, such as blazed gratings. Using [...] Read more.
We study the behavior of a nanoparticle-polymer composite (NPC) material, based on a thiol-ene monomer system, working with long grating spacing. Thus, we evaluate the suitability of the NPC for storing complex diffractive optical elements with sharp profiles, such as blazed gratings. Using holographic methods, we measure the “apparent” diffusion of the material and the influence of the spatial period on this diffusion. The applicability of this material in complex diffractive optical elements (DOEs) recording is analyzed using an interferometric method. Supported by the results of this analysis, we record blazed gratings with different grating spacing and measure the maximum diffraction efficiency (DE) achieved. The results show that NPC has a good behavior in this range of spatial frequencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holographic Materials and Photonic Applications)
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14 pages, 12967 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of H-PDLC Using the Split-Field Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
by Sergio Bleda, Jorge Francés, Sergi Gallego, Andrés Márquez, Cristian Neipp, Inmaculada Pascual and Augusto Beléndez
Polymers 2018, 10(5), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10050465 - 24 Apr 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3093
Abstract
In this work, an accurate numerical modeling of the diffraction properties of transmission holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) gratings is presented. The method considers ellipsoid geometry-based liquid crystal (LC) droplets with random properties regarding size and location across the H-PLDC layer and [...] Read more.
In this work, an accurate numerical modeling of the diffraction properties of transmission holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) gratings is presented. The method considers ellipsoid geometry-based liquid crystal (LC) droplets with random properties regarding size and location across the H-PLDC layer and also the non-homogeneous orientation of the LC director within the droplet. The direction of the LC director inside the droplets can be varied to reproduce the effects of the external voltage applied in H-PDLC-based gratings. From the LC director distribution in the droplet, the permittivity tensor is defined, which establishes the optical anisotropy of the media, and it is used for numerically solving the light propagation through the system. In this work, the split-field finite-difference time-domain method (SF-FDTD) is applied. This method is suited for accurately analyzing periodic media, and it considers spatial and time discretisation of Maxwell’s equations. The scheme proposed here is used to investigate the influence on the diffraction properties of H-PDLC as a function of the droplets size and the bulk fraction of LC dispersed material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holographic Materials and Photonic Applications)
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