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Nutritional and Nutrigenomic Regulation of Adipose Tissue: The Spotlight on Micronutrients

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 April 2019) | Viewed by 9497

Special Issue Editor

Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: endothelial cells; diet; bioactive metabolites; infectious and non-communicable disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I believe that we need an open platform for the discussion of current problems in the nutrition related to adipose tissue. Decades ago we face an epidemics of macronutrients overconsumption. The late realization of detrimental effects of cholesterol and saturated fat rich diets that was replaced by high carbohydrate diet created epidemics of obesity. Eventually, the risks associated with obesity are responsible for the majority of disabilities and mortalities in our society. Now we face the possibility of new epidemics, overconsumption of micronutrients supplemented with food, drinks, and actual ‘once a day’ supplements. Many award-winning discoveries in micronutrient field still left unaddressed many questions started with potential unspecific effects of micronutrients, assessment of their deficiency and toxicity levels in specific tissues and in specific populations. Importantly, new studies indicated that imbalance in micronutrients can stimulate or block obesogenic processes independent on macronutrient consumption. The dynamic conversion of micronutrients into bioactive metabolites and hormone-like short-living compounds complicated the investigation. An example of controversial views include the role of vitamin A and carotenoids on development of adipose tissue, its differentiation into white and brown adipose tissue, and contribution of these processes on obesity. We just start to lean how obesity can impair vitamin delivery to the other tissues. The drug regimen, diet, activity, age, and sex influence composition of adipose tissue and micronutrient absorption and function; however, these interaction remain understudied. One of the challenges hindering this research is the analytical methods and their capabilities to detect micronutrients in lipid-enriched adipose tissues. We also would like to take definition of micronutrients broadly, and do not limit the focus of publications to vitamins or polyphenols. The specific fatty acids and fatty alcohols participate in gene regulation and contribute to regulation of signaling processes via acylation. Their biomedical role is related to their function as micronutrients.  We welcome these and other topics to this special issue to learn, speculate, and inspire future research on micronutrients and adipose tissue.

Dr. Ouliana Ziouzenkova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Thermogenesis
  • Lipid
  • Vitamins
  • Antioxidants
  • Metabolic diseases

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 4510 KiB  
Article
Natural and Artificial Sweeteners and High Fat Diet Modify Differential Taste Receptors, Insulin, and TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Pathways in Adipose Tissues of Rats
by Mónica Sánchez-Tapia, Jonathan Martínez-Medina, Armando R Tovar and Nimbe Torres
Nutrients 2019, 11(4), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040880 - 19 Apr 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 9208
Abstract
It is difficult to know if the cause for obesity is the type of sweetener, high fat (HF) content, or the combination of sweetener and fat. The purpose of the present work was to study different types of sweeteners; in particular, steviol glycosides [...] Read more.
It is difficult to know if the cause for obesity is the type of sweetener, high fat (HF) content, or the combination of sweetener and fat. The purpose of the present work was to study different types of sweeteners; in particular, steviol glycosides (SG), glucose, fructose, sucrose, brown sugar, honey, SG + sucrose (SV), and sucralose on the functionality of the adipocyte. Male Wistar rats were fed for four months with different sweeteners or sweetener with HF added. Taste receptors T1R2 and T1R3 were differentially expressed in the tongue and intestine by sweeteners and HF. The combination of fat and sweetener showed an additive effect on circulating levels of GIP and GLP-1 except for honey, SG, and brown sugar. In adipose tissue, sucrose and sucralose stimulated TLR4, and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK). The combination of HF with sweeteners increased NFκB, with the exception of SG and honey. Honey kept the insulin signaling pathway active and the smallest adipocytes in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue and the highest expression of adiponectin, PPARγ, and UCP-1 in BAT. The addition of HF reduced mitochondrial branched-chain amino transferase (BCAT2) branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (BCKDH) and increased branched chain amino acids (BCAA) levels by sucrose and sucralose. Our data suggests that the consumption of particular honey maintained functional adipocytes despite the consumption of a HF diet. Full article
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