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Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 21934

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Prof. Dr. Won-Chun Oh

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Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, 46, Hanseo Ro, Haemi-myun, Seosan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
Interests: carbon nanomaterials; nanocomposite; photocatalysis; energy materials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite all researchers in the field of multi-functional materials and applications, especially the participants of the 15th International Conference on Multi-Functional Materials and Applications (ICMMA 2021), to submit their original research papers for this Special Issue on “Multi-Functional Materials and Applications”, to be published in Nanomaterials.

The conference topics and the scope of this Special Issue cover all aspects of synthesis, characterization, and applications of multi-functional materials and will be divided into main sections:

Nanomaterials related to catalytic and energy materials;
Nanomaterials related to biology;
Nanomaterials related to composites and applications.

The “Nanomaterials related to catalytic and energy materials” section will be devoted to the recent progress in the preparation, modification, and characterization, sensors, energy conversion and storage of nanomaterial. This includes but is not limited to fundamental and applied studies on novel multi-functional materials that can be used in photochemical and electrochemical energy conversion, fuel cells, and energy storage systems such as batteries and supercapacitors.

The “Nanomaterials related to biology” section will be devoted to the various nanomaterials (e.g., polymers, ceramics, and metals) that may be used as biomaterials, the requirements they must meet, and the problems that may be encountered with their use. Approaches from different fields of science (e.g., chemistry, engineering, human health, and medicine) for the design, characterization, modification, and use of nanoscaled biomaterials will be considered.

The “Nanomaterials related to composites and applications” section will be dedicated to the recent progress on all aspects related to composites, environmentally friendly multi-functional nanomaterials, including methods of their synthesis and characterization and their possible applications. A special subsection will be devoted to all advanced ceramic functional materials aspects connected to nanomaterials, including environmentally friendly materials used for nanofabrication, and applications of environmental and new building materials.

This Special Issue will contain full papers, short communications, and reviews. We kindly encourage you to submit a manuscript regarding one of the above topics to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Won-Chun Oh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

7 pages, 2032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Micro-Sphere PDMS for Enhancing Light Extraction in Organic Light-Emitting Devices

by Eun-Jeong Bae, Hyeong-Kyu Maeng, Ji-Soo Shin, Dong-Wook Park, Young-Wook Park and Dong-Hyun Baek

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(12), 2007; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122007 - 10 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1647

Abstract

We present a micro-sphere PDMS film to improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE) in OLEDs. The micro-sphere PDMS film was fabricated with the breath figure (BF) and replica molding process. The polymer template was prepared through stabilization of the water droplets at the polymer/water interface. The micro-sphere PDMS film was fabricated by pouring PDMS on the polymer template. At a 45 mg/mL concentration, the size of the spheres was approximately 12.3 µm and they had the most circular shape, so this condition yielded the best performance, with an improvement of 33% in the EQE and the widest viewing angle ranging from 0° to 50°. As a result, the sphere film’s size and distribution seem to play important roles in enhancing the EQE in OLEDs. Furthermore, the flexible sphere film based on polymeric materials could offer an effective, large-scale, mass-produced product and a simple process and approach to achieve high efficiency in flexible OLEDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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8 pages, 3888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Simple Method for Fabricating an External Light Extraction Composite Layer with RNS to Improve the Optical Properties of OLEDs

by Geun-Su Choi, Shin-Woo Kang, Eun-Jeong Bae, Eun-Bi Jang, Dong-Hyun Baek, Byeong-Kwon Ju and Young-Wook Park

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1430; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091430 - 22 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1727

Abstract

In this study, we fabricated a random nanostructure (RNS) external light extraction composite layer containing high-refractive-index nanoparticles through a simple and inexpensive solution process and a low-temperature mask-free process. We focused on varying the shape and density of the RNSs and adjusted the concentration of the high-refractive-index nanoparticles to control the optical properties. The RNSs fabricated using a low-temperature mask-free process can use the distance between the nanostructures and various forms to control the diffraction and scattering effects in the visible light wavelength range. Consequently, our film exhibited a direct transmittance of ~85% at a wavelength of 550 nm. Furthermore, when the RNSs’ composite film, manufactured using the low-temperature mask-free process, was applied to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), it exhibited an external quantum efficiency improvement of 32.2% compared with the OLEDs without the RNSs. Therefore, the randomly distributed high-refractive-index nanoparticles on the polymer film can reduce the waveguide mode and total reflection at the substrate/air interface. These films can be used as a scattering layer to reduce the loss of the OLED substrate mode. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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21 pages, 6806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Polyaniline Supported CdS/CdS-ZnS/CdS-TiO₂ Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Applications

by Nida Qutub, Preeti Singh, Suhail Sabir, Khalid Umar, Suresh Sagadevan and Won-Chun Oh

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(8), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12081355 - 14 Apr 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2345

Abstract

Photocatalytic degradation can be increased by improving photo-generated electrons and broadening the region of light absorption through conductive polymers. In that view, we have synthesized Polyaniline (PANI) with CdS, CdS-ZnS, and CdS-TiO₂ nanocomposites using the chemical precipitation method, characterized and verified for the photo-degradation of Acid blue-29 dye. This paper provides a methodical conception about in what way conductive polymers “PANI” enhances the performance rate of composite photocatalysts (CdS, CdS-ZnS and CdS-TiO₂). The nanocomposites charge transfer, molar ratio, surface morphology, particle size, diffraction pattern, thermal stability, optical and recombination of photo-generated charge carrier properties were determined. The production of nanocomposites and their efficient photocatalytic capabilities were observed. The mechanism of photocatalysis involved with PC, CZP and CTP nanocomposites are well presented by suitable diagrams representing the exchange of electrons and protons among themselves with supported equations. We discovered that increasing the number of nanocomposites in the membranes boosted both photocatalytic activity and degradation rate. CdS-Zinc-PANI (CZP) and CdS-TiO₂-PANI(CTP) nanocomposites show entrapment at the surface defects of Zinc and TiO₂ nanoparticles due to the demolition of unfavorable electron kinetics, and by reducing the charge recombination, greater photocatalytic activity than CdS-PANI (CP) with the same nanoparticle loading was achieved. With repeated use, the photocatalysts’ efficiency dropped very little, hinting that they may be used to remove organic pollutants from water. The photocatalytic activity of CZP and CTP photocatalytic membranes was greater when compared to CdS-PANI, which may be due to the good compatibility between CdS and Zinc and TiO₂, as well efficient charge carrier separation. PANI can also increase the split-up of photo-excited charge carriers and extend the absorption zone when combined with these nanoparticles. As a result, the development of outrageous performance photocatalysts and their potential uses in ecological purification and solar power conversion has been facilitated. The novelty of this article is to present the degradation of AB-29 Dye using nanocomposites with polymers and study the enhanced degradation rate. Few studies have been carried out on polymer nanocomposites and their application in the degradation of AB-29 dyes and remediation of water purposes. Nanoparticle CdS is a very effective photocatalyst, commonly used for water purification along with nanoparticle ZnS and TiO₂; but cadmium ion-leaching makes it ineffective for practical and commercial use. In the present work, we have reduced the leaching of hazardous cadmium ions by trapping them in a polyaniline matrix, hence making it suitable for commercial use. We have embedded ZnS and TiO₂ along with CdS in a polyaniline matrix and compared their photocatalytic activity, stability, and reusability, proving our nano-composites suitable for commercial purposes with enhanced activities and stabilities, which is a novelty. All synthesized nanocomposites are active within the near-ultraviolet to deep infrared (i.e., 340–850 nm). This gives us full efficiency of the photocatalysts in the sunlight and further proves the commercial utility of our nanocomposites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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8 pages, 1568 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Light Extraction from Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Micro-Nano Hybrid Structure

by Eun-Jeong Bae, Shin-Woo Kang, Geun-Su Choi, Eun-Bi Jang, Dong-Hyun Baek, Byeong-Kwon Ju and Young-Wook Park

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(8), 1266; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12081266 - 08 Apr 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2027

Abstract

In this study, an external light extraction layer with a micro-nano hybrid structure was applied to improve the external light extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A reactive ion-etching (RIE) process, using O₂ and CHF₃ plasma, was performed on the surface of the micro-scale pattern to form micro-nano hybrid structures. According to the results of this study, the nanostructures formed by the treatment of O₂ and CHF₃ were different, and the efficiency according to the structures was analyzed experimentally and theoretically. As a result, the OLED, to which the micro-nano hybrid structure, manufactured through a simple process, is applied, improved the external light extraction efficiency by up to 38%, and an extended viewing angle profile was obtained. Additionally, an effective method for enhancing the out-coupling efficiency of OLEDs was presented by optimizing the micro-nano hybrid structure according to process conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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13 pages, 10005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Sensitive Fingerprint Detection under UV Light on Non-Porous Surface Using Starch-Powder Based Luminol-Doped Carbon Dots (N-CDs) from Tender Coconut Water as a Green Carbon Source

by David Nugroho, Chayanee Keawprom, Saksit Chanthai, Won-Chun Oh and Rachadaporn Benchawattananon

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(3), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030400 - 26 Jan 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4412

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize carbon dots from a natural resource and will be used to detect a latent fingerprint on a non-porous surface. The carbon dots (CDs) were prepared by adding luminol to coconut water and ethanol via a hydrothermal method. Luminol enhances the chemiluminescence of the CDs, which show more distinct blue light under a UV lamp compared with bare CDs. To detect the latent fingerprint, luminol carbon dots (N-CDs) were combined with commercial starch and stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Their characteristics and optical properties were measured using EDX-SEM, HR-TEM, FTIR, XPS, UV–visible absorption, and fluorescence. In this research, it was found that the N-CDs had a d-spacing of 0.5 nm and a size of 12.9 nm. The N-CDs had a fluorescence intensity 551% higher than the standard normally used. N-CDs can be used to detect latent fingerprints on a non-porous surface and are easy to detect under a UV lamp at 395 nm. Therefore, luminol has a high potential to increase sensitive and stable traces of chemiluminescence from the green CDs for forensic latent fingerprint detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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18 pages, 4606 KiB

Open AccessArticle

3D Modeling of Silver Doped ZrO₂ Coupled Graphene-Based Mesoporous Silica Quaternary Nanocomposite for a Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing Effects

by Kamrun Nahar Fatema, Chang-Sung Lim, Yin Liu, Kwang-Youn Cho, Chong-Hun Jung and Won-Chun Oh

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(2), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12020193 - 07 Jan 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1758

Abstract

We described the novel nanocomposite of silver doped ZrO₂ combined graphene-based mesoporous silica (ZrO₂-Ag-G-SiO₂,) in bases of low-cost and self-assembly strategy. Synthesized ZrO₂-Ag-G-SiO₂ were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The ZrO₂-Ag-G-SiO₂ as an enzyme-free glucose sensor active material toward coordinate electro-oxidation of glucose was considered through cyclic voltammetry in significant electrolytes, such as phosphate buffer (PBS) at pH 7.4 and commercial urine. Utilizing ZrO₂-Ag-G-SiO₂, glucose detecting may well be finished with effective electrocatalytic performance toward organically important concentrations with the current reaction of 9.0 × 10⁻³ mAcm⁻² and 0.05 mmol/L at the lowest potential of +0.2 V, thus fulfilling the elemental prerequisites for glucose detecting within the urine. Likewise, the ZrO₂-Ag-G-SiO₂ electrode can be worked for glucose detecting within the interferometer substances (e.g., ascorbic corrosive, lactose, fructose, and starch) in urine at proper pH conditions. Our results highlight the potential usages for qualitative and quantitative electrochemical investigation of glucose through the ZrO₂-Ag-G-SiO₂ sensor for glucose detecting within the urine concentration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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19 pages, 7187 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influencing Factors in the Synthesis of Photoactive Nanocomposites of ZnO/SiO₂-Porous Heterostructures from Montmorillonite and the Study for Methyl Violet Photodegradation

by Is Fatimah, Gani Purwiandono, Putwi Widya Citradewi, Suresh Sagadevan, Won-Chun Oh and Ruey-an Doong

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(12), 3427; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123427 - 17 Dec 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2130

Abstract

In this work, photoactive nanocomposites of ZnO/SiO₂ porous heterostructures (PCHs) were prepared from montmorillonite clay. The effects of preparation methods and Zn content on the physicochemical features and photocatalytic properties were investigated. Briefly, a comparison of the use of hydrothermal and microwave-assisted methods was done. The Zn content was varied between 5 and 15 wt% and the characteristics of the nanomaterials were also examined. The physical and chemical properties of the materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, diffuse-reflectance UV-Vis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and gas sorption analyses. The morphology of the synthesized materials was characterized through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared materials was quantified through the photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet (MV) under irradiation with UV and visible light. It was found that PCHs exhibit greatly improved physicochemical characteristics as photocatalysts, resulting in boosting photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MV. It was found that varied synthesis methods and Zn content strongly affected the specific surface area, pore distribution, and band gap energy of PCHs. In addition, the band gap energy was found to govern the photoactivity. Additionally, the surface parameters of the PCHs were found to contribute to the degradation mechanism. It was found that the prepared PCHs demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity and reusability, as seen in the high degradation efficiency attained at high concentrations. No significant changes in activity were seen until five cycles of photodegradation were done. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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17 pages, 6681 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flower-like SnO₂ Nanoparticle Biofabrication Using Pometia pinnata Leaf Extract and Study on Its Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities

by Is Fatimah, Gani Purwiandono, Habibi Hidayat, Suresh Sagadevan, Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali, Won-Chun Oh and Ruey-An Doong

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 3012; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113012 - 10 Nov 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2462

Abstract

The present study reported biofabrication of flower-like SnO₂ nanoparticles using Pometia pinnata leaf extract. The study focused on the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared SnO₂ nanoparticles and its activity as photocatalyst and antibacterial agent. The characterization was performed by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-DRS and XPS analyses. Photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was examined on bromophenol blue photooxidation; meanwhile, the antibacterial activity was evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. XRD and XPS analyses confirmed the single tetragonal SnO₂ phase. The result from SEM analysis indicates the flower like morphology of SnO₂ nanoparticles, and by TEM analysis, the nanoparticles were seen to be in uniform spherical shapes with a diameter ranging from 8 to 20 nm. SnO₂ nanoparticles showed significant photocatalytic activity in photooxidation of bromophenol blue as the degradation efficiency reached 99.93%, and the photocatalyst exhibited the reusability as the degradation efficiency values were insignificantly changed until the fifth cycle. Antibacterial assay indicated that the synthesized SnO₂ nanoparticles exhibit an inhibition of tested bacteria and showed a potential to be applied for further environmental and medical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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10 pages, 4607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Impurities Control on the Crystallization and Densification of Polymer-Derived SiC Fibers

by Young-jun Joo, Sang-hyun Joo, Hyuk-jun Lee, Young-jin Shim, Dong-geun Shin and Kwang-youn Cho

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2933; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112933 - 02 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1744

Abstract

The polymer-derived SiC fibers are mainly used as reinforcing materials for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) because of their excellent mechanical properties at high temperature. However, decomposition reactions such as release of SiO and CO gases and the formation of pores proceed above 1400 °C because of impurities introduced during the curing process. In this study, polycrystalline SiC fibers were fabricated by applying iodine-curing method and using controlled pyrolysis conditions to investigate crystallization and densification behavior. Oxygen and iodine impurities in amorphous SiC fibers were reduced without pores by diffusion and release to the fiber surface depending on the pyrolysis time. In addition, the reduction of the impurity content had a positive effect on the densification and crystallization of polymer-derived SiC fibers without a sintering aid above the sintering temperature. Consequently, dense Si-Al-C-O polycrystalline fibers containing β-SiC crystal grains of 50~100 nm were easily fabricated through the blending method and controlled pyrolysis conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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15 pages, 3274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Oxygen Vacancy on the Conduction Modulation Linearity and Classification Accuracy of Pr_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ Memristor

by Yeon Pyo, Jong-Un Woo, Hyun-Gyu Hwang, Sahn Nahm and Jichai Jeong

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2684; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102684 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2209

Abstract

An amorphous Pr_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (PCMO) film was grown on a TiN/SiO₂/Si (TiN–Si) substrate at 300 °C and at an oxygen pressure (OP) of 100 mTorr. This PCMO memristor showed typical bipolar switching characteristics, which were attributed to the generation and disruption of oxygen vacancy (OV) filaments. Fabrication of the PCMO memristor at a high OP resulted in nonlinear conduction modulation with the application of equivalent pulses. However, the memristor fabricated at a low OP of 100 mTorr exhibited linear conduction modulation. The linearity of this memristor improved because the growth and disruption of the OV filaments were mostly determined by the redox reaction of OV owing to the presence of numerous OVs in this PCMO film. Furthermore, simulation using a convolutional neural network revealed that this PCMO memristor has enhanced classification performance owing to its linear conduction modulation. This memristor also exhibited several biological synaptic characteristics, indicating that an amorphous PCMO thin film fabricated at a low OP would be a suitable candidate for artificial synapses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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Review

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22 pages, 3782 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review on the Wear, Corrosion and High-Temperature Resistant Properties of Wire Arc-Sprayed Fe-Based Coatings

by Joseph Ndiithi Ndumia, Min Kang, Bertrand Vigninou Gbenontin, Jinran Lin and Samuel Mbugua Nyambura

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2527; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102527 - 27 Sep 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2936

Abstract

Among different thermal spraying methods, arc-spraying has been widely used due to its low operating costs and high deposition efficiency. The rapid progress of cored wire technology in arc-spraying has increased possibilities for the preparation of new Fe-based coating materials with enhanced properties by adding reinforcement particles and alloying elements to suit the different applications. Fe-based coatings have been extensively used because of their high strength, toughness, lower production costs, and availability of raw materials. This makes them suitable replacements for Ni-based coatings in ambient and high-temperature applications. This review discusses the research status and developments of the arc-sprayed Fe-based coatings. The study specifically reviews the wear behavior, corrosion analysis, and high-temperature resistant properties of arc-sprayed Fe-based coatings, aiming to develop an understanding of the protection mechanisms for Fe-based coatings. The performance of the Fe-based coatings depends on the integrity of the coating structure. Optimizing arc-spraying parameters minimizes defects (pores, grain boundaries, unmelted particles, oxides, and microcracks) that deteriorate the coating properties. High amorphous phase content, ceramic reinforcement particles and alloying elements enhance the corrosion, tribological, and high-temperature resistant properties of Fe-based coatings. In high-temperature applications, Fe-based coatings form oxide scales that protect the coating from further oxidation; thus, it is important to select the optimum composition for the alloying elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Materials and Applications and Selected Papers from ICMMA2021)

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