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Role for Antioxidants in Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Oxidative Stress
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Role for Antioxidants in Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Oxidative Stress

A special issue of Medical Sciences (ISSN 2076-3271).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (14 December 2018) | Viewed by 7176

Special Issue Editors

Dr. José Antonio Morales-González

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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
Interests: Liver regeneration; ethanol metabolism; transcriptional factor Nrf2; alcoholic liver disease; oxidative stress; cell damage by free radicals; inflammatory process; chronic diseases.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. M.C. Roxana Loera-Cruz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Área de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital Central Militar, México
Interests: neurological rehabilitation in urinary incontinence; spinal cord injury; peripheral neuropathy; cerebral vascular disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, it is known that the inflammatory processes and oxidative stress participate in cellular damage, as well as in the physiopathology of diverse chronic-degenerative diseases. This has been described in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, kidney pathologies, cirrhosis of the liver, acute myocardial infarction, etc., where the participation of damage due to free radicals deriving from oxidative stress is evident.

On the other hand, diverse agents possess the capacity to eliminate free radicals and to diminish the inflammatory processes, these agents known as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories. Some of these are charged with directly eliminating free radicals, such as “free-radical scavengers” and/or agents that activate the regulators of antioxidant enzymes, such as transcriptional factor Nrf2, which favors the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, through Antioxidant Response Elements (ARE), and regulates the inflammatory process. Among these protective agents of damage by free radicals we find the following: Vitamins; resveratrol; curcumin; and geranium, silymarin, etc.

Due to this, the study of the mechanisms of damage to which oxidative stress gives rise in the cell, in order to favor the appearance of chronic-degenerative diseases, is of utmost importance. In addition, directing studies toward finding antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory agents is vital, and these studies open a therapeutic window onto preventing or limiting the damage occasioned by oxidative stress and/or inflammation to the cell and, thus, damage to the organism.

Dr. José Antonio Morales-González
Dr. M.C. Roxana Loera-Cruz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medical Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • cell damage by free radicals
  • inflammatory process
  • transcriptional factor Nrf2
  • ARE elements
  • chronic degenerative diseases
  • antioxidants
  • resveratrol
  • curcumin
  • silymarin
  • phytochemicals
  • anti-inflammatory agents
  • physiology and physiopathology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
Oxidative Profile of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
by Charles Antwi-Boasiako, Gifty B. Dankwah, Robert Aryee, Charles Hayfron-Benjamin, Eric S. Donkor and Andrew D. Campbell
Med. Sci. 2019, 7(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7020017 - 25 Jan 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3793
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a very significant role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) and associated complications. Oxidative stress, which is often experienced by SCD patients as a result of continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), may lead to endothelial dysfunction [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress plays a very significant role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) and associated complications. Oxidative stress, which is often experienced by SCD patients as a result of continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), may lead to endothelial dysfunction and acute inflammation. Antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), often play a protective role. The current study aimed at determining the oxidative profile of persons with SCD at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. This was a case-control study involving 90 patients with SCD (34 HbSS patients at steady state, 30 HbSC at steady state, 15 HbSS with vaso-occlusive crisis, 11 HbSC with vaso-occlusive crisis), and 50 HbAA control group. Whole blood samples were collected from the study participants and analyzed for full blood counts. The blood samples were assayed for SOD and CAT as a measure of antioxidant defense, while lipid peroxidation was quantified as malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that the levels of SOD and CAT were significantly lower in SCD patients as compared to the control group. Patients with HbSS vaso-occlusive crisis had the lowest levels of SOD and CAT. The difference in SOD levels between HbSS at steady state and HbSC with vaso-occlusive crisis was, however, not significant (p = 0.228). The MDA level was significantly higher in SCD patients compared to the control group. This study concludes that the levels of various antioxidant enzymes (erythrocyte SOD and erythrocyte CAT) and oxidative marker (MDA) and are altered in SCD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role for Antioxidants in Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Oxidative Stress)
8 pages, 266 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Antioxidant Consumption, Body Mass Index and the Waist-Hip Ratio in Early Postmenopause
by Carlos A. Jiménez-Zamarripa, Liliana Anguiano-Robledo, Patricia Loranca-Moreno, M. Esther Ocharan-Hernández and Claudia C. Calzada-Mendoza
Med. Sci. 2019, 7(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7010004 - 03 Jan 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2835
Abstract
Oxidative stress is present in early postmenopause. Antioxidants, present in food, avoid or limit the damage caused by free radicals. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the consumption of vitamin A, vitamin C, and Selenium was adequate in postmenopausal women [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is present in early postmenopause. Antioxidants, present in food, avoid or limit the damage caused by free radicals. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the consumption of vitamin A, vitamin C, and Selenium was adequate in postmenopausal women and its relationship with levels of malondialdehyde. A descriptive, cross-sectional prospective clinical study was carried out with 132 women (45–55 years old) in postmenopause. The body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The participants were surveyed about their food consumption for seven days. The plasmatic concentration of malondialdehyde was quantified by the methyl-phenyl-indole method. The women were grouped according to their BMI. All groups showed similar consumption of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, which exceeded the daily recommended level. According to the WHR, 87% had android fat distribution. Selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin A intake were below the daily recommended/suggested levels. The greater the BMI, the higher the plasmatic concentration of malondialdehyde in the patients. It was observed an elevated caloric intake, android fat distribution, and a greater BMI was accompanied by a lower consumption of antioxidants and an increased level of malondialdehyde. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role for Antioxidants in Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Oxidative Stress)
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