Against Gravity: Upwelling in Shallow Waters

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2017) | Viewed by 6134

Special Issue Editor

College of Science & Engineering, Bedford Park, Flinders University, PO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Interests: upwelling science; coastal and estuarine oceanography; transport and mixing time scales; diffusion; dense-water cascades; geophysical hydrodynamic modelling; sediment transport

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As many of you know, the vertical movement (i.e., upwelling) of nutrient-rich seawater into the euphotic zone is one of the most important physical processes in marine ecosystems. This process facilitates enhanced photosynthesis inherent with the creation of phytoplankton, which is the basis of most marine food chains. While there is an exhaustive list of publications on coastal upwelling explained by classical Ekman theory, upwelling mechanisms in shallow water (total depth < theoretical Ekman-layer depth) such as on the inner continental shelf, around islands, and oceanic bays and estuaries are less-well understood and documented.

This Special Issue aims to shed more light into upwelling mechanisms in shallow water, including their interaction with river and pollutant (e.g., sewage) discharges, cross-shelf exchange processes, irregular coastline and bathymetry, and human-made structures—on relatively short timescales of hours to days and sub-mesoscale length scales of up to a few kilometres. Welcome are research papers, reviews and case studies addressing those upwelling features and mechanisms theoretically, experimentally, numerically and/or based on field studies. In addition, this special issue also welcomes papers on upwelling-related engineering solutions from artificial upwelling technologies to modern observing platforms. I sincerely look forward to receiving original and exciting contributions of high quality for this Special Issue.

Dr. Jochen Kämpf
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Artificial upwelling
  • Coastal upwelling
  • Engineering technologies
  • Observing platforms
  • Upwelling around islands
  • Upwelling (general)
  • Upwelling in estuaries
  • Upwelling in oceanic bays
  • Upwelling in the nearshore zone

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

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Article
Wind-Driven Overturning, Mixing and Upwelling in Shallow Water: A Nonhydrostatic Modeling Study
by Jochen Kämpf
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2017, 5(4), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse5040047 - 02 Oct 2017
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5695
Abstract
Using a nonhydrostatic numerical model, this work demonstrates that onshore winds are a principal agent of overturning and vigorous vertical mixing in nearshore water of lakes and inner continental shelves. On short (superinertial) timescales of a few hours, onshore winds create surface currents [...] Read more.
Using a nonhydrostatic numerical model, this work demonstrates that onshore winds are a principal agent of overturning and vigorous vertical mixing in nearshore water of lakes and inner continental shelves. On short (superinertial) timescales of a few hours, onshore winds create surface currents pushing water against the shore which, via the associated pressure gradient force, creates an undercurrent. The resulting overturning circulation rapidly becomes dynamically unstable due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism, internal gravity waves form, and vigorous vertical mixing follows. The vertical extent of the overturning cell depends on the speed of surface currents and density stratification (which is influenced by other processes such as tidal mixing). In smaller enclosed water bodies, wave reflection in conjunction with dynamical instabilities support rapid mixed-layer deepening and overturning of the entire water column. Based on these findings, the author postulates that dynamic instabilities following from onshore wind events are of fundamental importance to biogeochemical cycles and ecological processes in shelf seas and lakes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Against Gravity: Upwelling in Shallow Waters)
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