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Hydrology
Special Issues
Snow Hydrology: Monitoring and Modelling
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Snow Hydrology: Monitoring and Modelling

A special issue of Hydrology (ISSN 2306-5338). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Processes and Modelling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2019) | Viewed by 12056

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Juan Ignacio López Moreno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Campus de Aula Dei, Avda. Montañana, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: snow hydrology; climatic change; water resources management; recent evolution of the Pyrenean Glaciers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Simon Gascoin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CESBIO, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Interests: snow hydrology; remote sensing; glaciology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Steven Fassnacht

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Interests: snow hydrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Knowledge of the snowpack is of utmost importance for understanding the hydrological response over most mountains and cold land regions, worldwide. Traditionally, analysis and modeling of snowpacks has been very challenging due to the lack of high-quality observations at high elevation and at remote sites. In the last few years, there have been substantial advances in new emerging techniques to acquire snow and meteorological information, in new remote sensing products, and in new modeling and data assimilation tools. These have all facilitated the study of snow processes and snow hydrology in many parts of the world, and such techniques have undeniable potential to be applied to other areas where snowpacks have been still marginally understood or even considered.

The objectives of this Special Issue are to present methodological approaches and applied case studies that represent advances in the field of the monitoring and modeling of spatial and temporal variability of snow and its hydrological response. It includes topics such as:

- Techniques for snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements, such as ground-based and remote sensing techniques;

- Development and testing of optimized sampling strategies for the snowpack;

- Experimental approaches to better understand the spatial and temporal variability of the snowpack and its hydrological output;

- Application and development of models (including assimilation techniques) and/or natural tracers to quantify the contribution of snow to groundwater, river streams and water management systems.

Dr. Juan Ignacio López-Moreno
Dr. Simon Gascoin
Dr. Steven Fassnacht
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Hydrology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • snow hydrology
  • snow measurements
  • sampling strategies
  • remote sensing
  • snow and hydrological models
  • snow data assimilation
  • use of tracers for snow hydrology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1595 KiB  
Article
‘Teflon Basin’ or Not? A High-Elevation Catchment Transit Time Modeling Approach
by Jan Schmieder, Stefan Seeger, Markus Weiler and Ulrich Strasser
Hydrology 2019, 6(4), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6040092 - 22 Oct 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3242
Abstract
We determined the streamflow transit time and the subsurface water storage volume in the glacierized high-elevation catchment of the Rofenache (Oetztal Alps, Austria) with the lumped parameter transit time model TRANSEP. Therefore we enhanced the surface energy-balance model ESCIMO to simulate the ice [...] Read more.
We determined the streamflow transit time and the subsurface water storage volume in the glacierized high-elevation catchment of the Rofenache (Oetztal Alps, Austria) with the lumped parameter transit time model TRANSEP. Therefore we enhanced the surface energy-balance model ESCIMO to simulate the ice melt, snowmelt and rain input to the catchment and associated δ18O values for 100 m elevation bands. We then optimized TRANSEP with streamflow volume and δ18O for a four-year period with input data from the modified version of ESCIMO at a daily resolution. The median of the 100 best TRANSEP runs revealed a catchment mean transit time of 9.5 years and a mobile storage of 13,846 mm. The interquartile ranges of the best 100 runs were large for both, the mean transit time (8.2–10.5 years) and the mobile storage (11,975–15,382 mm). The young water fraction estimated with the sinusoidal amplitude ratio of input and output δ18O values and delayed input of snow and ice melt was 47%. Our results indicate that streamflow is dominated by the release of water younger than 56 days. However, tracers also revealed a large water volume in the subsurface with a long transit time resulting to a strongly delayed exchange with streamflow and hence also to a certain portion of relatively old water: The median of the best 100 TRANSEP runs for streamflow fraction older than five years is 28%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Snow Hydrology: Monitoring and Modelling)
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19 pages, 4882 KiB  
Article
How Surface Radiation on Forested Snowpack Changes across a Latitudinal Gradient
by Bijan Seyednasrollah and Mukesh Kumar
Hydrology 2019, 6(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6030062 - 22 Jul 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3585
Abstract
Radiation is the major driver of snowmelt, and, hence, its estimation is critically important. Net radiation reaching the forest floor is influenced by vegetation density. Previous studies in mid-latitude conifer forests have confirmed that net radiation decreases and then subsequently increases with increasing [...] Read more.
Radiation is the major driver of snowmelt, and, hence, its estimation is critically important. Net radiation reaching the forest floor is influenced by vegetation density. Previous studies in mid-latitude conifer forests have confirmed that net radiation decreases and then subsequently increases with increasing vegetation density, for clear sky conditions. This leads to the existence of a net radiation minimum at an intermediate vegetation density. With increasing cloud cover, the minimum radiation shifts toward lower densities, sometimes resulting in a monotonically increasing radiation with vegetation density. The net radiation trend, however, is expected to change across sites, affecting the magnitude and timing of individual radiation components. This research explores the variability of net radiation on a snow-covered forest floor for different vegetation densities along a latitudinal gradient. We especially investigate how the magnitude of minimum/maximum radiation and the corresponding vegetation density change with the site geographical location. To evaluate these, the net radiation is evaluated using the Forest Radiation Model at six different locations in predominantly white spruce (Picea glauca) canopy cover across North America, ranging from 45 to 66° N latitudes. Results show that the variation of net radiation with vegetation density considerably varies with latitude. In higher latitude forests, the magnitude of net radiation is generally smaller, and the minimum radiation is exhibited at relatively sparser vegetation densities, under clear sky conditions. For interspersed cloudy sky conditions, net radiation non-monotonically varies with latitude across the sites, depending on the seasonal sky cloudiness and air temperature. The latitudinal sensitivity of net radiation is lower on north-facing hillslopes than on south-facing sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Snow Hydrology: Monitoring and Modelling)
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24 pages, 21539 KiB  
Article
Extent Changes in the Perennial Snowfields of Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska
by Molly E. Tedesche, Erin D. Trochim, Steven R. Fassnacht and Gabriel J. Wolken
Hydrology 2019, 6(2), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6020053 - 17 Jun 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4610
Abstract
Perennial snowfields in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) in the central Brooks Range of Alaska are a critical component of the cryosphere. They serve as habitat for an array of wildlife, including caribou, a species that is crucial as [...] Read more.
Perennial snowfields in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) in the central Brooks Range of Alaska are a critical component of the cryosphere. They serve as habitat for an array of wildlife, including caribou, a species that is crucial as a food and cultural resource for rural subsistence hunters and Native Alaskans. Snowfields also influence hydrology, vegetation, permafrost, and have the potential to preserve valuable archaeological artifacts. By deriving time series maps using cloud computing and supervised classification of Landsat satellite imagery, we calculated areas and evaluated extent changes. We also derived changes in elevations of the perennial snowfields that remained stable for at least four years. For the study period of 1985 to 2017, we found that total areas of perennial snowfields in GAAR are decreasing, with most of the notable changes in the latter half of the study period. Equilibrium areas, or bright areas, of the snowfields are shrinking, while ablation, or dark areas, are growing. We also found that the snowfields occur at higher elevations over time. Climate change may be altering the distribution, elevation, and extent of perennial snowfields in GAAR, which could affect caribou populations and subsistence lifestyles in rural Alaska. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Snow Hydrology: Monitoring and Modelling)
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