Special Issue "Advances in Applied Thermodynamics"

Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. Brian Agnew
School of the Built and Natural Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
Website: http://www.northumbria.ac.uk/sd/academic/bne/study/aec/acestaff/brianagnew
E-Mail: brian.agnew@northumbria.ac.uk
Phone: +44 191 227 3779
Fax: +44 191 227 3066
Interests: turbomachinery; thermal systems; CHP; finite time thermodynamics; entropy generation; exergy analysis of complex systems; combined cycles

Dear Colleagues,

The concept of entropy originated in the period when thermodynamics was concerned with the conditions under which heat can be converted to work. It was formalized and named (from the Greek εντροπία, transformation) by Rudolf Clausius from considerations of reversible processes. Usually today an irreversible transformation is identified by the Clausius Inequality. In his later work Clausius included irreversible process to derive the Second Law of Thermodynamics as an equality and included a term to account for entropy generation by dissipative processes. A more generalized formulation of the entropy concept, developed by Boltzmann, is associated with disorder or the destruction of the coherence of an initial state. This has been widely adopted in many diverse fields of study including chemistry, biology, cosmology and information science. An indication of the importance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics can be gauged by the following statement made by Sir Arthur Eddington "If someone points out to you that your pet theory of the universe is in disagreement with Maxwell's equations- then so much the worse for Maxwell's equations. If it is found to be contradicted by observation-well, these experimentalists do bungle things sometimes. But if your theory is found to be against the Second Law of Thermodynamics I can offer you no hope". The Second Law played a key role in the development of Classical Thermodynamics in the 20th century with entropy revealing some essential characteristics of the behavior of matter and energy. In moving away from equilibrium states and adopting mathematical techniques from other branches of science the analysis of Carnot has been extended to include thermodynamic systems with fixed rates or durations and constraints on heat or mass transfer surfaces. This exciting development has established the conditions appropriate to time or rate constrained processes and the conditions for optimal configurations of heat and mass exchange processes. It is clear that such techniques will play an important part in energy saving technologies that are so important today.

Prof. Dr. Brian Agnew
Guest Editor

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• finite time thermodynamics
• entropy generation minimization
• optimization
• thermodynamic systems