Nanostructures in Biology: Challenges and Perspectives

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2018) | Viewed by 5097

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Guest Editor
Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Magnetic Framework Composites (MFCs); sol-gel, ceramics, metallic, magnetic, mesoporous nanoparticles and nanopowders; enzymes bio-conjugation on surfaces and particles
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Dear Colleagues, 

Nanotechnology is now a thriving field with increasing interconnections with biological systems. For example, doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous silica can selectively release drugs at biological pH (Minati et al., Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2013), gold nanoparticles has been used as Raman probes for imaging brain tumours both in vitro and in living mice (Kircher et al., Nature Medicine 2012), dye-doped silica can be used as new label systems for DNA microarray technology (Ricco et al., Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2011), and now ultraporous Metal-Organic Frameworks can be grown around biomacromolecules (Liang et al., Nature Communications, 2015) with enormous implications for drug delivery and sensing (Horcajada et al., Nature Materials, 2010).

This is a very exciting time at the interface between the living matter and the material world, and we encourage scientists of diverse backgrounds (material science, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, biology) to contribute with original researches, or with review articles, devoted to synthesis, interaction, and novel applications of nanostructures for biological systems.

Dr. Raffaele Riccò
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • nanostructures
  • drug delivery
  • sensing
  • biological systems
  • porous materials
  • multifunctional materials
  • enzymes
  • bio-functionalization
  • surface modification

Published Papers (1 paper)

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20 pages, 3563 KiB  
Article
Biocompatible Coatings from Smart Biopolymer Nanoparticles for Enzymatically Induced Drug Release
by Christian Tolle, Jan Riedel, Carina Mikolai, Andreas Winkel, Meike Stiesch, Dagmar Wirth and Henning Menzel
Biomolecules 2018, 8(4), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom8040103 - 28 Sep 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4491
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be used as a smart drug delivery system, when they release the drug only upon degradation by specific enzymes. A method to create such responsive materials is the formation of hydrogel nanoparticles, which have enzymatically degradable crosslinkers. Such hydrogel nanoparticles were [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles can be used as a smart drug delivery system, when they release the drug only upon degradation by specific enzymes. A method to create such responsive materials is the formation of hydrogel nanoparticles, which have enzymatically degradable crosslinkers. Such hydrogel nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation sodium alginate with lysine-rich peptide sequences—either α-poly-L-lysine (PLL) or the aggrecanase-labile sequence KKKK-GRD-ARGSV↓NITEGE-DRG-KKKK. The nanoparticle suspensions obtained were analyzed by means of dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Degradation experiments carried out with the nanoparticles in suspension revealed enzyme-induced lability. Drugs present in the polymer solution during the ionotropic gelation can be encapsulated in the nanoparticles. Drug loading was investigated for interferon-β (IFN-β) as a model, using a bioluminescence assay with MX2Luc2 cells. The encapsulation efficiency for IFN-β was found to be approximately 25%. The nanoparticles suspension can be used to spray-coat titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) as a common implant material. The coatings were proven by ellipsometry, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An enzyme-responsive decrease in layer thickness is observed due to the degradation of the coatings. The Alg/peptide coatings were cytocompatible for human gingival fibroblasts (HGFIB), which was investigated by CellTiterBlue and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. However, HGFIBs showed poor adhesion and proliferation on the Alg/peptide coatings, but these could be improved by modification of the alginate with a RGD-peptide sequence. The smart drug release system presented can be further tailored to have the right release kinetics and cell adhesion properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructures in Biology: Challenges and Perspectives)
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