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Applied Sciences
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Powder Injection Moulding
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Powder Injection Moulding

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2017) | Viewed by 13993

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Volker Piotter

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, IAM-WK, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Interests: powder metallurgy; micro system technology; polymer processing; injection moulding; powder injection moulding; sintering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Powder injection moulding (PIM) holds a remarkable position in the manufacturing of high value add metal and ceramic components. This assessment is based on technical, as well as economic, merits. Among these, the high economic efficiency in mass production has to be emphasized. Further benefits are the capability to fabricate geometrically complex devices and the wide range of processable materials. Typical metals are different kinds of steel, soft magnetic alloys, copper, titanium, or hard metals. Most used non-metals are aluminum/zirconium oxide ceramics, followed by silicon nitride.

The process chain consists of four main steps: Feedstock preparation, i.e., the compounding of powder and binder, shaping by injection moulding, debinding, and sintering to the final dense part. Up to now, the smallest details, in the 10-µm range, or even lower, can be achieved, whereas weights of the largest parts exceed 300 g.

Typical fields of application are automotive components, medical devices, electronic products, consumer goods, firearms, etc.

Current research activities comprise the utilization of PIM in micro system technologies (MicroPIM), as well as the development of multi-material variants. Among these, the so-called multi-component and in-mould-labeling process conducts have to be mentioned. Ambitious approaches have been started concerning the simulation of the fluidic behaviour of the PIM feedstocks taking into account the complex interactions of liquid binders and solid particles.  

Dr. Volker Piotter
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • powder injection moulding
  • PIM
  • MIM
  • CIM
  • metals
  • ceramics
  • hard metals
  • feedstock
  • sintering
  • simulation
  • MicroPIM

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

2532 KiB  
Article
Modelling and numerical simulation of Supercritical CO2 debinding of Inconel 718 components elaborated by Metal Injection Molding
by Aboubakry Agne and Thierry Barrière
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(10), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7101024 - 06 Oct 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4710
Abstract
A debinding step using the supercritical state of a fluid has been increasingly investigated for extracting organic binders from components obtained by metal-injection molding. It consists of placing the component in an enclosure subjected to pressure and temperatures higher than the critical point [...] Read more.
A debinding step using the supercritical state of a fluid has been increasingly investigated for extracting organic binders from components obtained by metal-injection molding. It consists of placing the component in an enclosure subjected to pressure and temperatures higher than the critical point to perform polymer extraction of the Metal-injection molding (MIM) component. It is an alternative to conventional solvent debinding. The topic of this study is to model and simulate the supercritical debinding stage to elucidate the mechanism of polymer degradation and stabilization with a three-dimensional model. Modelling this extraction process would optimize the process on an industrial scale. It can be physically described by Fick’s law of diffusion. The model’s main parameter is the diffusion coefficient, which is identified by using linear regression based on the least-squares method. In the model, an effective length scale is specially developed to take into account the diffusion in all directions. The tests were performed for extracting polyethylene glycol, an organic additive, using supercritical CO2 in injected components. The feedstock is composed of polypropylene, polyethylene glycol, and stearic-acid as binder mixed with Inconel 718 super-alloy powders. The identified parameters were used to calculate the diffusion coefficient and simulate the supercritical debinding step on the Comsol Multiphysics® finite-element software platform to predict the remaining binder. The obtained numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed numerical simulations allow for the determination of the remaining polyethylene glycol (PEG) binder distribution with respect to processing parameters for components during the supercritical debinding process at any time. Moreover, this approach can be used in other formulation, powder, and binder systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Powder Injection Moulding)
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9601 KiB  
Article
Microporous Titanium through Metal Injection Moulding of Coarse Powder and Surface Modification by Plasma Oxidation
by Mohammed Menhal Shbeh, Aleksey Yerokhin and Russell Goodall
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010105 - 22 Jan 2017
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 8789
Abstract
Titanium is one of the most attractive materials for biomedical applications due to having excellent biocompatibility accompanied by good corrosion resistance. One popular processing technique for Ti is Metal Injection Moulding (MIM). However, there are several issues associated with the use of this [...] Read more.
Titanium is one of the most attractive materials for biomedical applications due to having excellent biocompatibility accompanied by good corrosion resistance. One popular processing technique for Ti is Metal Injection Moulding (MIM). However, there are several issues associated with the use of this technique, such as the high cost of the fine powder used, the high level of contamination and consequent alteration to material properties, as well as the large volume shrinkage that occurs during sintering. In this study, the use of a relatively coarse Ti powder with a mean particle size of 75 μm to process Ti parts with the potential for biomedical applications by MIM will be examined, compared to a commercial Ti feedstock, and subsequently coated using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO). The results show that samples produced with the coarse powder shrink 35% less and have a relative density 14% less with an average pore size three-times larger than that of the commercial feedstock. This helps increase the potential competitiveness of MIM in the production of biomedical parts, as it reduces cost, shrinkage and results in more intentionally-induced micropores, such as are desired for biomedical implants. PEO treatment of the samples yields a thick rough coating comprised of a mixture of rutile and anatase with interconnected microporous channels and openings resembling the mouth of a volcanic crater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Powder Injection Moulding)
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