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Disease Resistance Trade-offs in Crop Breeding for Disease Resistance

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A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2017) | Viewed by 37891

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Morten Lillemo

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
Interests: plant genetics; plant breeding; QTL mapping; resistance breeding; molecular genetics; host-pathogen interactions; powdery mildew control; pre-harvest sprouting resistance; waterlogging tolerance; plant disease detection
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our major food crops are challenged by highly diverse and quickly-evolving pathogen populations, and history is full of examples of cultivars that have been rendered susceptible by new pathogen races. Some disease resistances comes with a cost of yield penalties, or in some cases increased susceptibility to other diseases. The genomics of host-pathogen interactions is moving fast, and the cloning of host resistance genes provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms of resistance against various groups of plant pathogens.

In this Special Issue, we welcome papers that provide new insights into trade-offs between disease resistances, the molecular mechanisms behind resistance to various groups of pathogens, and opinions on how to develop sustainable breeding strategies for long-lasting resistance.

Dr. Morten Lillemo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

food security
disease resistance
resistance breeding
durability of resistance
symbiosis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 7347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GWAS for Fusarium Head Blight Related Traits in Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in an Artificially Warmed Treatment

by Elisane W. Tessmann and David A. Van Sanford

Agronomy 2018, 8(5), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8050068 - 05 May 2018

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5689

Abstract

Global temperature increases will affect Fusarium head blight (FHB) levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A pressing question is whether current sources of resistance will be effective in a warmer environment. We evaluated phenotypic response to disease in 238 soft winter wheat breeding lines and cultivars grown in 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 under control and warmed (+3 °C) conditions. Warming was achieved with heating cables buried 3 cm in the rhizosphere. We measured heading date, plant height, yield, FHB rating, Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON), leaf blotch rating, powdery mildew rating and leaf rust rating. There were significant (p < 0.01) differences among genotypes for all traits measured. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 19 and 10 significant SNPs in the control and warmed treatments, respectively. FDK and DON levels were often significantly (p < 0.05) higher in warmed than in control when we contrasted alleles at important quantitative trait locus (QTL) such as Fhb1, Rht-B1 and D1 and all vernalization and photoperiod loci. Increased rhizosphere temperature resulted in a significantly (p < 0.01) earlier heading date (~3.5 days) both years of the study. Rank correlation between warmed and control treatments was moderate (r = 0.56). Though encouraging, it indicates that selection for performance under warming should be carried out in a warmed environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disease Resistance Trade-offs in Crop Breeding for Disease Resistance)

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545 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genotypic Response of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Natural Field Infection of Ascochyta Blight (Phoma exigua var. diversispora (Bubak) Boerema) under Diverse Environmental Conditions in Rwanda

by Clement Urinzwenimana, Rob Melis and Julia Sibiya

Agronomy 2017, 7(4), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7040072 - 19 Dec 2017

Viewed by 3670

Abstract

Ascochyta blight, caused by Phoma exigua var. diversispora (Bubak) Boerema, is a serious constraint in the cultivation of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Rwanda, particularly in the cool and wet highland production areas. In order to identify resistant genotypes, a germplasm evaluation study was conducted to quantify the impact of the disease on phenotypic and agronomic traits under natural conditions. Field screening trials of 39 bush (Types I, II and III) and 36 climbing (Type IV) genotypes from different accessions within and outside the country were conducted at three sites, namely, Rwerere, Nyamagabe and Musanze Research Stations, for two seasons. The relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC) based on evaluations of the disease severity (percentage leaf area infected), was used to evaluate the genotypes. Thirteen genotypes were identified with some level of ascochyta resistance. The study revealed Rwandan genotypes G 2333 and SMC 18 as new sources of resistance to Ascochyta blight. Additional results showed a negative relationship (r = −0.42 and −0.51 for Seasons A and B, respectively) between ascochyta infection and yield. Further relationships were identified between the plant flower colour and seed size to ascochyta resistance. Some of the identified resistant genotypes can be used to introgress ascochyta resistance into susceptible Rwandan market classes of common bean genotypes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disease Resistance Trade-offs in Crop Breeding for Disease Resistance)

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Review

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792 KiB

Open AccessReview

Trade-Offs in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Disease Resistance, Growth Responses and Perspectives for Crop Breeding

by Catherine N. Jacott, Jeremy D. Murray and Christopher J. Ridout

Agronomy 2017, 7(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7040075 - 16 Nov 2017

Cited by 86 | Viewed by 27834

Abstract

There is an increasing need to develop high-yielding, disease-resistant crops and reduce fertilizer usage. Combining disease resistance with efficient nutrient assimilation through improved associations with symbiotic microorganisms would help to address this. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants, resulting in nutritional benefits and the enhancement of stress tolerance and disease resistance. Despite these advantages, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions are not normally directly considered in plant breeding. Much of our understanding of the mechanisms of AM symbiosis comes from model plants, which typically exhibit positive growth responses. However, applying this knowledge to crops has not been straightforward. In many crop plants, phosphate uptake and growth responses in AM-colonized plants are variable, with AM plants exhibiting sometimes zero or negative growth responses and lower levels of phosphate acquisition. Host plants must also balance the ability to host AMF with the ability to resist pathogens. Advances in understanding the plant immune system have revealed similarities between pathogen infection and AM colonization that may lead to trade-offs between symbiosis and disease resistance. This review considers the potential trade-offs between AM colonization, agronomic traits and disease resistance and highlights the need for translational research to apply fundamental knowledge to crop improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disease Resistance Trade-offs in Crop Breeding for Disease Resistance)

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