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24 pages, 4857 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Accuracy of Navigation and Robot-Assisted Systems for Dental Implant Placement: A Systematic Review

by Daria Pisla, Vasile Bulbucan, Mihaela Hedesiu, Calin Vaida, Alexandru Pusca, Rares Mocan, Paul Tucan, Cristian Dinu and Doina Pisla

Dent. J. 2025, 13(11), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13110537 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) aims to improve placement accuracy versus freehand drilling. We compared the three-dimensional accuracy of robot-guided CAIS (r-CAIS), dynamic navigation (d-CAIS), static-template guidance (s-CAIS), and freehand (FH) in clinical and in vitro settings. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, [...] Read more.

Background: Computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) aims to improve placement accuracy versus freehand drilling. We compared the three-dimensional accuracy of robot-guided CAIS (r-CAIS), dynamic navigation (d-CAIS), static-template guidance (s-CAIS), and freehand (FH) in clinical and in vitro settings. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (1 January 2019–2025). Eligible populations were adults receiving conventional or zygomatic implants in vivo, plus validated in vitro human-jaw models using plan-versus-placement workflows; studies had to report study-level means with dispersion for ≥1 primary outcome with ≥5 implants per arm. Interventions were r-CAIS, d-CAIS, or s-CAIS; with a baseline as the freehand technique. Risk of bias used RoB 2 (RCTs), ROBINS-I (non-randomized clinical), and QUIN (in vitro). Because of heterogeneity in definitions and workflows, we performed a descriptive synthesis by modality (no meta-analysis). Registration: OSF. Results: Forty-three studies (7 RCTs, 10 non-randomized clinical, 26 in vitro) reported more than 4000 implants. Across studies, typical study-level means for global linear deviation clustered around < 1 mm (r-CAIS), ~1 mm (d-CAIS), ~1.3 mm (s-CAIS), and ~1.8 mm (FH). In clinical contexts, d-CAIS often showed slightly lower angular deviation than s-CAIS. Conclusions: CAIS improves accuracy versus freehand. d-CAIS and s-CAIS show similar linear accuracy, with d-CAIS frequently yielding slightly lower angular deviation; r-CAIS exhibits tight error clusters in our dataset, but limited comparative clinical evidence precludes superiority claims. Limitations: non-uniform registration/measurement, variable operator experience, and absence of meta-analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Public Health Landscape: Challenges, Technological Innovation and Opportunities in the 21st Century)

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16 pages, 1283 KB

Open AccessArticle

Antibiotic Resistance to Critically Important Antimicrobials and Virulence Genes in Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated from Eurasian Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) and Their Association with Mobile Genetic Elements

by Ana Isabel Vela, Carlos Serna, María Ugarte-Ruiz, Aránzazu Buendia, Almudena Casamayor, Johan Manuel Calderón Bernal, Lucas Domínguez, María Dolores Cid and José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(11), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12111083 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

The phenotypic resistance of 56 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Eurasian griffon vultures was subjected to surveillance testing with the microdilution method using a standardized panel of antimicrobials. Isolates were also characterized by MLST. Additionally, the genome of 19 isolates with phenotypic resistance to [...] Read more.

The phenotypic resistance of 56 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Eurasian griffon vultures was subjected to surveillance testing with the microdilution method using a standardized panel of antimicrobials. Isolates were also characterized by MLST. Additionally, the genome of 19 isolates with phenotypic resistance to linezolid, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and/or high-level resistance to gentamicin were sequenced to determine their antimicrobial resistance (ARGs) and virulence-associated genes and to identify mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Most isolates (82.1%) exhibited non-wild-type phenotypes to six antimicrobial agents, and multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 34% of the isolates. Most MDR isolates (53%) belonged to ST16, ST116 and ST35. ARGs were localized on the chromosome as well as on various MGEs previously reported in human, food and livestock isolates, suggesting that vultures may acquire antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and/or ARGs as a consequence of anthropogenic pollution. Overall, 22 virulence-associated genes encoding cell surface and secreted factors were identified, some of which were located on MGEs that also carried ARGs. The significant proportion of E. faecalis isolates recovered from vultures that exhibited MDR phenotypes and harbored MGEs carrying ARGs and virulence-associated genes is cause for concern, since vultures may act as spreaders of these genes to the environment, domestic animals and humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Sequencing and Bioinformatics for Tracking MDR Bacteria in Veterinary and One Health Interfaces)

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14 pages, 607 KB

Open AccessArticle

Acculturation Gap Conflict and Self-Control Mediate the Association Between Negative Affect and Sleep Problems for Hispanic/Latino(a) Adolescents

by Manuel J. Bruzos, Benjelene D. Sutherland, Matthew T. Sutherland and Elisa M. Trucco

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(11), 1722; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22111722 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Adolescent sleep problems are a public health concern, as roughly 60–70% of U.S. teens obtain less sleep than is recommended. Negative affect is a risk factor for adolescent sleep problems. However, factors explaining this association, to our knowledge, have not been explored [...] Read more.

Background: Adolescent sleep problems are a public health concern, as roughly 60–70% of U.S. teens obtain less sleep than is recommended. Negative affect is a risk factor for adolescent sleep problems. However, factors explaining this association, to our knowledge, have not been explored in Hispanic/Latino(a) (H/L) adolescents. Acculturation gap conflict and low self-control may act as mediators linking negative affect to sleep problems. Methods: A sample of 223 H/L adolescents was assessed at three time points. We hypothesized that acculturation gap conflict and low self-control assessed at Wave 2 would mediate the association between negative affect at Wave 1 and sleep problems at Wave 3. Results: Negative affect predicted higher acculturation gap conflict, which in turn was associated with less self-control, and less self-control then predicted more sleep problems. Conclusions: These findings highlight acculturation gap conflict and low self-control as processes through which negative affect can impact later sleep problems in H/L adolescents. Elucidating modifiable factors impacting sleep health among H/L youth may inform intervention strategies. Targeting affect regulation, as well as improving parent-adolescent relationship quality within the context of acculturative differences, may help reduce sleep problems among this demographic group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Health Risks and Protective Factors in Youth Delinquency)

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17 pages, 2736 KB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of LncRNAs Involved in the Salt Stress Responses of Eurotium cristatum and Functional Analysis of Their Roles in Morphological Differentiation and Metabolic Regulation

by Yihan Wang, Zhenggang Xu, Meng Dong, Xiangdong Qing, Zhanjun Liu, Qinglin Zhang and Zhiyuan Hu

Biology 2025, 14(11), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14111592 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators in eukaryotic organisms, yet their roles in filamentous fungi, particularly in environmental adaptation and metabolic changes, remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the roles of lncRNAs in salt stress response, morphological differentiation, and metabolic regulation in [...] Read more.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators in eukaryotic organisms, yet their roles in filamentous fungi, particularly in environmental adaptation and metabolic changes, remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the roles of lncRNAs in salt stress response, morphological differentiation, and metabolic regulation in Eurotium cristatum. Using strand-specific RNA sequencing, we identified lncRNAs in sexual and asexual mycelia of E. cristatum and analyzed their expression profiles. We identified 203 lncRNAs, with 120 significantly differentially expressed (FDR < 0.01; |log₂ (fold change)| ≥ 1) under salt stress, including 57 upregulated and 63 downregulated in the asexual morph compared to the sexual morph. These lncRNAs correlated with physiological indicators like mycelial biomass, polysaccharide content, and melanin production. Target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis revealed that these lncRNAs influenced morphogenesis and secondary metabolite synthesis in E. cristatum by regulating pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, peroxisome function, and protein ubiquitination. The lncRNA MSTRG.10627.3 showed the highest upregulation (log₂FC = 10.53, FDR < 1 × 10⁻¹⁰⁵), while MSTRG.3124.1 was significantly downregulated in the sexual morph (log₂FC = −4.94, FDR < 1 × 10⁻⁸⁸). A regulatory network of lncRNAs involved in salt stress responses was constructed, providing insights into fungal environmental adaptation mechanisms and potential targets for industrial strain improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Microbiology)

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23 pages, 6381 KB

Open AccessArticle

Temporal Convolutional and LSTM Networks for Complex Mechanical Drilling Speed Prediction

by Yang Huang, Wu Yang, Junrui Hu and Yihang Zhao

Symmetry 2025, 17(11), 1962; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111962 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Accurate prediction of drilling speed is essential in mechanical drilling operations, as it improves operational efficiency, enhances safety, and reduces overall costs. Traditional prediction methods, however, are often constrained by delayed responsiveness, limited exploitation of real-time parameters, and inadequate capability to model complex [...] Read more.

Accurate prediction of drilling speed is essential in mechanical drilling operations, as it improves operational efficiency, enhances safety, and reduces overall costs. Traditional prediction methods, however, are often constrained by delayed responsiveness, limited exploitation of real-time parameters, and inadequate capability to model complex temporal dependencies, ultimately resulting in suboptimal performance. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel model termed CTLSF (CNN-TCN-LSTM with Self-Attention), which integrates multiple neural network architectures within a symmetry-aware framework. The model achieves architectural symmetry through the coordinated interplay of spatial and temporal learning modules, each contributing complementary strengths to the prediction task. Specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) extract localized spatial features from sequential drilling data, while Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) capture long-range temporal dependencies through dilated convolutions and residual connections. In parallel, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks model unidirectional temporal dynamics, and a self-attention mechanism adaptively highlights salient temporal patterns. Furthermore, a sliding window strategy is employed to enable real-time prediction on streaming data. Comprehensive experiments conducted on the Volve oilfield dataset demonstrate that the proposed CTLSF model substantially outperforms conventional data-driven approaches, achieving a low Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.8439, a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2.19%, and a high coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9831. These results highlight the effectiveness, robustness, and symmetry-aware design of the CTLSF model in predicting mechanical drilling speed under complex real-world conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Asymmetry Study in Graph Theory)

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28 pages, 20208 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Diurnal Difference of the Impact Mechanism of Urban Green Space on Surface Temperature and Sustainable Planning Strategies

by Mengrong Shu, Yichen Lu, Rongxiang Chen, Kaida Chen and Xiaojie Lin

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10193; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210193 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Urban densification intensifies the heat island effect, threatening ecological security. Green spaces, as crucial spatial elements in regulating the urban thermal environment, remain poorly understood in terms of their morphological characteristics and regulatory mechanisms, with a lack of systematic quantification and recognition of [...] Read more.

Urban densification intensifies the heat island effect, threatening ecological security. Green spaces, as crucial spatial elements in regulating the urban thermal environment, remain poorly understood in terms of their morphological characteristics and regulatory mechanisms, with a lack of systematic quantification and recognition of diurnal variations. This study, focusing on Shanghai’s main urban area, constructs physiological, physical, and morphological variables of green spaces based on high-resolution remote sensing data and the MSPA landscape morphology analysis framework. By integrating machine learning models with the SHAP interpretation algorithm, it analyses the influence mechanism of green spaces on Land Surface Temperature (LST) and its non-linear characteristics from the perspective of diurnal variation. The results indicate the following: (1) Green spaces exhibit pronounced diurnal variation in LST influence. Daytime cooling is primarily driven by vegetation cover, vegetation activity, and surface albedo through evapotranspiration and shading; night-time cooling depends on soil moisture and green space spatial structure and is achieved via thermal storage-radiative heat dissipation and cold air transport. (2) Green space indicators exhibit pronounced nonlinearity and threshold effects on LST. Optimal cooling efficiency occurs under moderate vegetation activity and moderate humidity conditions, whereas extreme high humidity or high vegetation activity may induce heat retention effects. (3) Day–night thermal regulation mechanisms differ markedly. Daytime cooling primarily depends on vegetation transpiration and shading to suppress surface warming; night-time cooling is dominated by soil thermal storage release, longwave radiation dissipation, and ventilation transport, enabling cold air to diffuse across the city and establishing a stable, three-dimensional nocturnal cooling effect. This study systematically reveals the distinct diurnal cooling mechanisms of high-density urban green spaces, providing theoretical support for refined urban thermal environment management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Green Infrastructure for Heat Mitigation and Social Equity: Global Perspectives and Challenges)

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19 pages, 2528 KB

Open AccessArticle

NEXThaler^® in Focus: Evaluating Inhalers’ Expectations, Experiences, and Preferences Across Patients, General Practitioners, and Specialists

by Piotr Damiański, Maciej Wojakiewicz, Tomasz Dębowski, Wojciech Jerzy Piotrowski and Adam Jerzy Białas

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(22), 8070; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228070 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Choosing the optimal inhaler is crucial for effective management of asthma and COPD. Preferences and experiences may differ between patients and healthcare providers. The NEXThaler^®, a dry powder inhaler (DPI), was developed to simplify inhalation and improve patient satisfaction. Aim: [...] Read more.

Introduction: Choosing the optimal inhaler is crucial for effective management of asthma and COPD. Preferences and experiences may differ between patients and healthcare providers. The NEXThaler^®, a dry powder inhaler (DPI), was developed to simplify inhalation and improve patient satisfaction. Aim: This survey examined factors influencing inhaler selection and compared perceptions of NEXThaler^® with currently used or prescribed inhalers (CUI/CPI) among patients, general practitioners (GPs), and specialists. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Poland among 96 patients with asthma or COPD and 151 physicians (70 GPs, 81 specialists). Participants assessed inhaler attributes using MaxDiff scaling and rated their CUI/CPI and NEXThaler^® on a Likert scale to evaluate usability and satisfaction. Results: Both patients and physicians prioritized ease of inhalation and confidence in administering the correct dose. Patients rated these highest (means 11.09; 95% CI 10.16–12.02 and 9.83; 95% CI 8.87–10.79), similar to physicians (12.35; 95% CI 11.76–12.94 and 15.41; 95% CI 14.78–16.04). Device size and clarity of instructions had a minimal impact on inhaler choice (patients: 3.44; 95% CI, 2.93–3.95 and 3.64; 95% CI, 2.82–4.46; physicians: 0.91; 95% CI, 0.58–1.24 and 1.60; 95% CI, 1.28–1.92). For CPI, specialists rated devices higher than GPs in terms of quality, feedback systems, clarity of manuals, and confidence that patients use the inhaler correctly (p < 0.05). For NEXThaler^®, both groups gave comparable, high scores (median 5 [4–5]; p > 0.05). Patients rated NEXThaler^® higher than their CUI for innovation, ease of use, dose counter, and feedback features (p < 0.001). Overall, 79% of healthcare providers and 71% of patients preferred NEXThaler^®. Conclusions: Both patients and healthcare providers evaluated NEXThaler^® positively, particularly regarding usability and dose control. However, the results also highlight ongoing gaps in inhaler-related knowledge and confidence, especially in primary care, emphasizing the need for continued education and collaborative training to improve the effectiveness of inhalation therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Respiratory Medicine)

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15 pages, 482 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Artificial Intelligence in Suicide Prevention: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Risk Prediction, Fully Automated Interventions, and AI-Guided Treatment Allocation

by Invención Fernández-Quijano, Ivan Herrera-Peco, Fidel López-Espuela, Carolina Suárez-Llevat, Raquel Moreno-Sánchez and Carlos Ruíz-Núñez

Psychiatry Int. 2025, 6(4), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint6040143 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been proposed as a transformative tool in suicide prevention, yet most evidence remains observational. To provide a rigorous benchmark, we systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating AI-based interventions targeting suicidal thoughts, behaviours, or help-seeking. Methods: Following PRISMA [...] Read more.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been proposed as a transformative tool in suicide prevention, yet most evidence remains observational. To provide a rigorous benchmark, we systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating AI-based interventions targeting suicidal thoughts, behaviours, or help-seeking. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to 31 May 2025. Eligible studies were RCTs in humans that incorporated AI or machine learning for risk prediction, automated intervention, or treatment allocation. Methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale and certainty of evidence with GRADE. Results: From 1101 screened records, six RCTs (n = 793) met all criteria. Three studies tested machine learning risk prediction, two evaluated fully automated interventions (a transformer-based recommender and a digital nudge), and one examined AI-assisted treatment allocation. Risk-prediction models stratified short-term suicidal outcomes with accuracies of up to 0.67 and AUC values around 0.70. Digital interventions reduced counsellor response latency or increased crisis-service uptake by 23%. Algorithm-guided allocation reduced the occurrence of suicidal events when randomisation aligned with model recommendations. Methodological quality was moderate to high (median PEDro = 8/10), but GRADE certainty was low due to small samples and imprecision. Conclusions: AI can enhance discrete processes in suicide prevention, including risk stratification, help-seeking, and personalized treatment. However, the current evidence is limited, and larger multisite RCTs with longer follow-up, CONSORT-AI compliance, and equity-focused design are urgently required. Full article

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17 pages, 2821 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Collaborative Planning Method for Distributed Energy Storage Based on Differentiated Demands

by Zhiwei Li, Xijun Ren, Li Zhang, Tiancheng Shi, Yufeng Liu, Jiayao Wang, Huizhou Liu, Xueao Qiu and Zixuan Wang

Processes 2025, 13(11), 3680; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113680 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

With the continuous increase in the proportion of wind and solar power, the strong randomness and volatility of distributed new energy output have brought great challenges to the planning, regulation, and operation of the new distribution system. Distributed energy storage, with its characteristics [...] Read more.

With the continuous increase in the proportion of wind and solar power, the strong randomness and volatility of distributed new energy output have brought great challenges to the planning, regulation, and operation of the new distribution system. Distributed energy storage, with its characteristics such as scattered location distribution, flexible installation, small capacity, and diverse forms and application scenarios, is increasingly becoming an important resource and technical means to enhance the consumption capacity of new energy and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system. This paper proposes a collaborative planning method for distributed energy storage based on differentiated demands. First, the typical application scenarios of distributed energy storage are analyzed; secondly, the source–load matching degree and modularity are proposed as cluster division indicators. Voltage fluctuation, load fluctuation, and the net income of distributed energy storage are combined into multiple optimization objectives. Based on differentiated demands, a two-layer optimal configuration model of distributed energy storage is proposed and solved by using the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified through a modified IEEE33 node simulation example. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimal Design, Control and Simulation of Energy Management Systems)

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36 pages, 4826 KB

Open AccessArticle

Deep Tech Ecosystems as Drivers of Sustainable Development: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Perspectives from Europe and Poland

by Dominik Kowal and Wojciech Przewoźnik

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10195; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210195 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Deep tech is a broad concept encompassing scientifically and technologically advanced innovations, enterprises, and projects based on profound scientific and engineering knowledge. It addresses complex technological challenges while considering environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Ambitious R&D initiatives act as catalysts for innovative solutions [...] Read more.

Deep tech is a broad concept encompassing scientifically and technologically advanced innovations, enterprises, and projects based on profound scientific and engineering knowledge. It addresses complex technological challenges while considering environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Ambitious R&D initiatives act as catalysts for innovative solutions and for transforming companies and sectors toward sustainable development. The literature review highlights the multifaceted nature of deep tech, particularly from diverse stakeholder perspectives—both those directly and indirectly engaged in this field. Fully utilizing deep tech’s potential requires strong scientific, infrastructural, regulatory, and financial foundations. Europe, including dynamically developing EU countries such as Poland, increasingly recognizes the need to build an ecosystem that supports the development and commercialization of frontier technologies grounded in scientific progress. This article clarifies key deep tech concepts and outlines current conditions for technological innovation in Europe. Drawing on desk research, participatory observation, and a survey, it presents an initial analysis of Poland’s deep tech ecosystem. The exploratory pilot study serves as a basis for more focused future research on key sectoral challenges. The findings offer a preliminary assessment of the potential and barriers related to science-based innovation and provide a clearer picture of Poland’s emerging deep tech landscape. This enables more accurate interpretation of results and insights into the sector’s future development. For Europe and the EU, enhancing global competitiveness in deep tech will require coordinated actions and stronger connections among local ecosystems at different stages of maturity, such as those in Poland. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Sustainability in Digital Ecosystems)

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16 pages, 693 KB

Open AccessReview

Implementation Timeframes for the Addition of New Conditions to Newborn Bloodspot Screening Programmes: A Scoping Review

by Margaret M. Brennan, Aoife O’Connell, Loretta O’Grady, Mohamed Elsammak, Jennifer J. Brady, Paul Marsden, Heather Burns and Abigail Collins

Int. J. Neonatal Screen. 2025, 11(4), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijns11040106 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are being added to the Newborn Bloodspot Screening (NBS) programme in the Republic of Ireland. To support this expansion, we conducted a scoping review to identify reported timeframes for implementing national, regional or state-wide [...] Read more.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are being added to the Newborn Bloodspot Screening (NBS) programme in the Republic of Ireland. To support this expansion, we conducted a scoping review to identify reported timeframes for implementing national, regional or state-wide expanded NBS programmes. We performed a scoping review of the literature published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible articles described the timeframes for implementation of expanded NBS programmes for SCID, SMA or additional metabolic conditions. Sources included PubMed, Embase, citation searching, the International Journal of Neonatal Screening and grey literature. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria, describing the addition of new conditions—SCID (N = 7), SMA (N = 4), or multiple conditions (N = 3) to expanded NBS programmes in the United States (US), Europe (Belgium, Catalonia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and Tuscany), Hong Kong and New Zealand. In most jurisdictions, the implementation of NBS programmes for new conditions took two to six years. The implementation of NBS for new conditions requires considerable time and coordinated efforts. Further research providing greater detail on the specific implementation steps, along with associated timelines, would provide valuable guidance for jurisdictions aiming to expand NBS programmes globally. Full article

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17 pages, 2981 KB

Open AccessArticle

CD44v9 Expression in Pretreatment Biopsies as a Predictor of Chemotherapy Resistance in Gastric Cancer

by Katsuji Sawai, Kenji Koneri, Masato Tamaki, Yasuo Hirono and Takanori Goi

Cancers 2025, 17(22), 3657; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17223657 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Gastric cancer is a major global health burden. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conversion surgery can improve survival, treatment responses vary owing to chemotherapy resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), characterized by self-renewal and drug resistance, are closely linked to treatment efficacy and prognosis. [...] Read more.

Background: Gastric cancer is a major global health burden. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conversion surgery can improve survival, treatment responses vary owing to chemotherapy resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), characterized by self-renewal and drug resistance, are closely linked to treatment efficacy and prognosis. Among these, CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9) plays an important role in redox regulation and chemoresistance. Although its expression in resected gastric cancer specimens has been associated with poor prognosis, little is known about its expression in pretreatment biopsies and its relationship with therapeutic responses. This study aimed to clarify the predictive value of CD44v9 expression in gastric cancer biopsy specimens. Methods: Pretreatment biopsy specimens from 84 patients with gastric cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy or conversion surgery at our institution were analyzed. Associations between CD44v9 expression, histological response, and prognosis were evaluated. Results: High CD44v9 expression was observed in 25% of patients and was significantly associated with a poor histological response (p = 0.046). Although CD44v9 expression was not directly linked to prognosis, a poor histological response correlated with worse survival (p = 0.045). In the multivariate analysis, conversion surgery (p = 0.018) and poor histological response (p = 0.011) were identified as independent predictors of poor outcomes. Conclusions: Evaluation of CD44v9 expression in pretreatment biopsies may help predict chemotherapy resistance in patients with gastric cancer. This biomarker assessment could guide individualized treatment strategies and improve patient management outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Therapy)

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19 pages, 4292 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Repeat DNA Patterns in Four Amaranthus Species

by Alexandra V. Amosova, Olga Yu. Yurkevich, Alexey R. Semenov, Murat S. Gins, Julia V. Kalnyuk, Lyudmila V. Zemtsova, Alexander I. Morozov, Ekaterina D. Badaeva, Svyatoslav A. Zoshchuk and Olga V. Muravenko

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(22), 11026; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262211026 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Amaranthus L. includes valuable and promising crops of multi-purpose use, having high morphological diversity and complicated taxonomy. Their karyotypes and genomic relationships remain insufficiently studied. For the first time, a comparative repeatome analysis of Amaranthus tricolor L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus [...] Read more.

Amaranthus L. includes valuable and promising crops of multi-purpose use, having high morphological diversity and complicated taxonomy. Their karyotypes and genomic relationships remain insufficiently studied. For the first time, a comparative repeatome analysis of Amaranthus tricolor L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. was performed based on the high-throughput sequencing data obtained via bioinformatic analyses using the RepeatExplorer2/TAREAN/DANTE_LTR pipelines. Interspecific variations in the abundance of Ty1 Copia and Ty3 Gypsy retroelements, DNA transposons, and ribosomal and satellite DNA (satDNA) were detected. Based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosome mapping of 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and satDNAs AmC9 and AmC70, and unique karyograms of A. tricolor, A. cruentus, Amaranthus paniculatus L., and A. hypochondriacus were constructed. The analysis of the interspecies genome diversity/similarity in DNA repeat contents, sequences of the identified satDNAs, and chromosome distribution patterns of the studied molecular markers indicated that these species might also share a common evolutionary ancestor. However, the genomes of A. cruentus, A. paniculatus, and A. hypochondriacus were more similar compared to A. tricolor, which aligns with the previous phylogenetic data. Our results demonstrate that cytogenomic studies might provide important data on Amaranthus species relationships elucidating taxonomy and evolution of these valuable crops. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Repetitive DNA)

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17 pages, 4185 KB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Association Studies for Grain Micronutrient Concentration in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

by Chandranandani Negi, Krishan Kumar, Raman Dhariwal, Pritesh Vyas and Neeraj Kumar Vasistha

Plants 2025, 14(22), 3472; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14223472 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

The micronutrient content is a major aspect of food quality and has been under threat after a gain in production post-green revolution. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are the micronutrients that are cofactors for many enzymes and play a critical role in human [...] Read more.

The micronutrient content is a major aspect of food quality and has been under threat after a gain in production post-green revolution. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are the micronutrients that are cofactors for many enzymes and play a critical role in human physiology. Deciphering the accumulation of these micronutrients in wheat and the identification of QTLs associated with these elements is very significant for cutting the risk of malnutrition in humans. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 105 lines from an elite panel of the Wheat Association Mapping Initiative (WAMI) was performed for the two cropping seasons of 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 for the grain calcium and magnesium content (GCaC and GMgC). Notably, two marker trait associations (MTAs), wsnp_Ex_c2718_5038582, Kukri_c11327_977, and RAC875_c9984_1003, were found for the GCaC, and similarly three MTAs (Tdurum_contig28802_213, wsnp_Ex_c34597_42879693, and RFL_Contig6053_3082) were identified for the GMgC in both the cropping seasons, proving their utility and non-redundancy. An MTA associated with a SNP marker (wsnp_Ex_c34597_42879718) was also identified in the two seasons and was significant for both the GCaC and GMgC. Candidate gene analysis showed the association of these MTAs with some of the very vital genes associated with activities where Ca and Mg play significant roles. Our study widens the insights on the genetic control of Ca and Mg accumulation in wheat and the utilization of this information for future breeding programs, wherein wheat improvement with enhanced Ca and Mg may be designed and conducted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cereals Genetics and Breeding)

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18 pages, 2149 KB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Characterization and In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of a Polysaccharides Obtained from Fructus arctii

by Pin Gong, Jiawei Gao, Hui Long, Haotian Gao, Wenjuan Yang, Jing Wang, Nan Li, Yanni Zhao, Huan Liu and Fuxin Chen

Molecules 2025, 30(22), 4403; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224403 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

In recent years, the number of diabetes patients worldwide has been increasing daily, and more than 700 million people are in a prediabetic state. Fructus arctii exhibits notable anti-diabetic activity, but its active components remain unclear. In this study, a polysaccharide (FAP-W) was [...] Read more.

In recent years, the number of diabetes patients worldwide has been increasing daily, and more than 700 million people are in a prediabetic state. Fructus arctii exhibits notable anti-diabetic activity, but its active components remain unclear. In this study, a polysaccharide (FAP-W) was extracted and characterized using UV, FTIR, HPLC, NMR, AFM, the Congo red test, and SEM. FAP-W has a molecular weight of 1.99 × 10⁴ Da and mainly consists of α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-fructofuranosyl-(1→2)]₁₀-β-d-furanofructosyl units. Monosaccharide analysis revealed mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in a 3.4:23.59:21.27:47.7 ratio. In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, FAP-W significantly increased glucose consumption, enhanced glycogen content, and elevated HK and PK activities. It also decreased TG, MDA, and ROS levels while improving SOD activity. These results suggest that FAP-W ameliorates insulin resistance, regulates glucose–lipid metabolism, and alleviates oxidative stress, indicating its potential as a functional food or therapeutic candidate for diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Chemistry)

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19 pages, 661 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Maximal Covering Location Problem Under Uncertainty Through Possibility Theory

by Javad Nematian, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Shahryar Ghorbani, Darjan Karabašević and Pavle Brzaković

Mathematics 2025, 13(22), 3653; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13223653 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study presents a practical framework for the maximal covering location problem (MCLP) under uncertainty. The approach combines possibility theory with chance-constrained programming to represent both imprecision and randomness in demand. Demand is modeled as fuzzy random variables. Using the Zadeh extension principle, [...] Read more.

This study presents a practical framework for the maximal covering location problem (MCLP) under uncertainty. The approach combines possibility theory with chance-constrained programming to represent both imprecision and randomness in demand. Demand is modeled as fuzzy random variables. Using the Zadeh extension principle, both the fuzzy and fuzzy random formulations are transformed into equivalent deterministic mixed-integer programs. Clear linearization steps are provided for the objective function and constraints. Two specifications are examined to reflect different attitudes toward risk. The first specification uses possibility measures, reflecting an optimistic stance, while the second uses necessity measures and represents a conservative approach. Computational experiments conducted in an urban facility context show that increasing the possibility or probability level results in more conservative solutions and a smaller amount of covered demand. In contrast, lower thresholds lead to more exhaustive coverage with greater exposure to uncertainty. In the deterministic scenario, full coverage becomes attainable as the number of facilities increases. Under uncertainty, the models balance coverage with robustness based on the chosen risk tolerance levels. The proposed framework serves as a flexible decision support tool, enabling planners to align facility location choices with their risk tolerance while maintaining tractability with standard optimization solvers. Full article

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23 pages, 4156 KB

Open AccessArticle

Derivatization of Bufadienolides at Carbon-3 of the Steroid Core and Their Consequences for the Interaction with Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase

by Lucy Kate Ladefoged, Birgit Schiøtt and Natalya U. Fedosova

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(22), 11027; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262211027 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Bufadienolides exert broad-spectrum pharmacological activities relevant to cardiology and novel cancer treatments. Their efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profiles are significantly affected by modifications at carbon-3 (C3) of the steroid core. We have applied molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the consequences of (i) variations [...] Read more.

Bufadienolides exert broad-spectrum pharmacological activities relevant to cardiology and novel cancer treatments. Their efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profiles are significantly affected by modifications at carbon-3 (C3) of the steroid core. We have applied molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the consequences of (i) variations in size of the substituent at C3, (ii) the type of linker at C3 (ether vs. N-methoxy), and (iii) stereochemistry (C3β vs. C3α) for derivatives’ interactions with Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase. The model compounds included bufalin, bufalin-N-glucose, bufalin-O-glucose as well as digoxigenin, digoxigenin monodigitoxoside and digoxin. It was shown that the optimal size of the substituent is a trade-off between the ability to form stabilizing interactions and steric and entropic interferences. The former is strongly affected by the nature of the linker due to its impact on the spatial position of the ligand: N-methoxy linker imposes rotational restrictions and places the core into a less favorable position compared to an ether bond. Similarly, the change from β- to α-anomer delocalizes the substituent precluding contacts with amino acid residues of the binding site. The presented mechanistic model of bufadienolide interactions with Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase helps to anticipate the consequences of modifications while designing derivatives with high anticancer activity but reduced cardiotoxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Na, K-ATPase in Health and Disease)

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Graphical abstract

42 pages, 3632 KB

Open AccessArticle

Logistic Biplots for Ordinal Variables Based on Alternating Gradient Descent on the Cumulative Probabilities, with an Application to Survey Data

by Julio C. Hernández-Sánchez, Laura Vicente-González, Elisa Frutos-Bernal and José L. Vicente-Villardón

Algorithms 2025, 18(11), 718; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18110718 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Biplot methods provide a framework for the simultaneous graphical representation of both rows and columns of a data matrix. Classical biplots were originally developed for continuous data in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). In recent years, several extensions have been proposed for [...] Read more.

Biplot methods provide a framework for the simultaneous graphical representation of both rows and columns of a data matrix. Classical biplots were originally developed for continuous data in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). In recent years, several extensions have been proposed for binary and nominal data. These variants, referred to as logistic biplots (LBs), are based on logistic rather than linear response models. However, existing formulations remain insufficient for analyzing ordinal data, which are common in many social and behavioral research contexts. In this study, we extend the biplot methodology to ordinal data and introduce the ordinal logistic biplot (OLB). The proposed method estimates row scores that generate ordinal logistic responses along latent dimensions, whereas column parameters define logistic response surfaces. When these surfaces are projected onto the space defined by the row scores, they form a linear biplot representation. The model is based on a framework, leading to a multidimensional structure analogous to the graded response model used in Item Response Theory (IRT). We further examine the geometric properties of this representation and develop computational algorithms—based on an alternating gradient descent procedure—for parameter estimation and computation of prediction directions to facilitate visualization. The OLB method can be viewed as an extension of multidimensional IRT models, incorporating a graphical representation that enhances interpretability and exploratory power. Its primary goal is to reveal meaningful patterns and relationships within ordinal datasets. To illustrate its usefulness, we apply the methodology to the analysis of job satisfaction among PhD holders in Spain. The results reveal two dominant latent dimensions: one associated with intellectual satisfaction and another related to job-related aspects such as salary and benefits. Comparative analyses with alternative techniques indicate that the proposed approach achieves superior discriminatory power across variables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Numerical Algorithms and Their Applications)

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10 pages, 412 KB

Open AccessArticle

Low Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism and Pre-Eclampsia in Women Cared for in a Specialist Antenatal Clinic for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

by Amy Gosling, Sofia Rellou, Konstantina Rosiou, Tracey Glanville and Christian Philipp Selinger

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(22), 8072; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228072 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Pregnant women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) require careful management to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Whether IBD is a risk factor for pre-eclampsia is controversial. We aimed to investigate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), pre-eclampsia, and risk of [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Pregnant women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) require careful management to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Whether IBD is a risk factor for pre-eclampsia is controversial. We aimed to investigate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), pre-eclampsia, and risk of disease flare from low-dose aspirin. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the Leeds combined IBD antenatal clinic providing joint specialist gastroenterology and obstetric consultations from 2015 to 2024. Primary outcomes were incidence of VTE, incidence of pre-eclampsia, and disease flare whilst taking aspirin. Results: In 574 pregnancies a single episode of VTE occurred. Adherence to VTE prophylaxis guidelines was good for post-partum periods but only 2 of 51 cases with third-trimester flare received the required VTE prophylaxis. The incidence of pre-eclampsia in this cohort was low at 2.7%. The majority of women deemed high-risk for pre-eclampsia received prophylaxis with aspirin in accordance with guidelines. The risk of symptomatic disease flare was not increased for aspirin users (21.6% versus 22.2% for non-users (p = 0.61)). Conclusions: The incidence of VTE and pre-eclampsia was low in this cohort of pregnant women with IBD. Pre-eclampsia prophylaxis in adherence to guidelines was good and was not associated with an increased flare risk. VTE prophylaxis for third-trimester flares was insufficient and requires better attention from IBD specialists, who are most likely to encounter patients with IBD flares. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Obstetrics & Gynecology)

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19 pages, 2441 KB

Open AccessArticle

Melatonin Improves Intestinal Barrier Impairment in a Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

by Francesca Sulas, Gaia Favero, Sara Anna Bonini, Claudio Lonati, Daniela Pinto, Maurizio Memo, Fabio Rinaldi and Rita Rezzani

Biology 2025, 14(11), 1594; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14111594 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition mainly characterized by social impairments and repetitive behaviors. An altered intestinal barrier morphology and increased transmucosal leaks have also been implicated in ASD; in fact, comorbidities such as gastrointestinal problems (leaky gut) have frequently been [...] Read more.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition mainly characterized by social impairments and repetitive behaviors. An altered intestinal barrier morphology and increased transmucosal leaks have also been implicated in ASD; in fact, comorbidities such as gastrointestinal problems (leaky gut) have frequently been reported in these patients. The regulation of tight junctions (TJs) is essential in maintaining intestinal barrier morphology and in regulating the delicate balance of trafficking between the intestinal lumen and the submucosa. To date, there are no definitive treatments for ASD comorbidities; however, melatonin (MLT) represents a well-validated and tolerated treatment for sleep disorders in ASD patients. The potential beneficial effects of MLT on this disorder have been and continue to be better investigated. In this context, the present study examines the effects of oral MLT administration (10 mg/kg/day for 16 weeks) on the intestinal barrier in BTBR T + Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, a validated ASD model. Morphological analyses of the ileum of these animals reveal modified villus height (Vh), crypt depth (Cd), and Vh–Cd ratios; an inflammatory state; and a decrease in Paneth cells. Moreover, these mice showed altered TJ expression compared to the control animals (C57BL6/J mice). Notably, MLT normalizes morphological indices and TJ expression, consistent with an improved gut barrier morphology. These data collectively suggest that orally administered MLT can promote the remodeling of the intestinal barrier; thus, we can suppose that MLT reduces gastrointestinal barrier leaks. The overall safety and economy of MLT use suggest that this indolamine could be efficacious as an adjuvant therapy to reduce the condition known as leaky gut. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental Biology 100 Years After the Foundation of the Italian Society: A Celebratory Special Issue)

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23 pages, 787 KB

Open AccessReview

Targeting Cancer Through Thymoquinone: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Prospects

by Nosayba Al-Damook, Molham Sakkal, Mostafa Khair, Walaa K. Mousa, Ghalia Khoder and Rose Ghemrawi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(22), 11029; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262211029 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Thymoquinone (TQ), the active compound in Nigella sativa (black seed), has shown promising effects against cancer in many laboratory studies. In this review, we explore how TQ works on different aspects of cancer, from stopping cancer cell growth and spread, to triggering cancer [...] Read more.

Thymoquinone (TQ), the active compound in Nigella sativa (black seed), has shown promising effects against cancer in many laboratory studies. In this review, we explore how TQ works on different aspects of cancer, from stopping cancer cell growth and spread, to triggering cancer cell death, reducing inflammation, and helping the immune system fight back. We also highlight how TQ may overcome one of the biggest problems in cancer treatment—chemoresistance. When used together with common treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy, TQ has been shown to improve their effects and reduce harmful side effects in preclinical models. Our review further discusses how TQ affects cancer stem cells, the tumor environment, and gene regulation through epigenetics. While these findings are encouraging, the lack of human studies remains a major gap. We also address TQ’s limited absorption and suggest ways to improve its delivery in the body, such as using nanoparticles or other carriers. Through this review, we aim to show the wide-ranging potential of TQ as a natural compound that may help make cancer treatments more effective and better tolerated. We call for clinical studies to take this research further and bring TQ closer to use in real-world cancer care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Oncology)

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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 1055 KB

Open AccessReview

Gene Editing for Sugar Perception Transport and Source–Sink Optimization in Soybean

by Shuqi Ding, Li Chen, Wensheng Hou and Yupeng Cai

Agronomy 2025, 15(11), 2621; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112621 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Sugars serve as primary energy sources and key essential signaling molecules, playing pivotal roles in regulating plant growth and development. Crop yield is tightly linked to the efficient partitioning of photoassimilates from source leaves to sink organs. This process is intricately regulated by [...] Read more.

Sugars serve as primary energy sources and key essential signaling molecules, playing pivotal roles in regulating plant growth and development. Crop yield is tightly linked to the efficient partitioning of photoassimilates from source leaves to sink organs. This process is intricately regulated by sugar sensing and transport systems, which orchestrate the dynamic source–sink balance by modulating phloem loading, long-distance translocation, and sink unloading. While substantial progress has been made in deciphering these mechanisms in model organisms, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network in soybean—a globally significant crop with unique plant architecture in which leaves, inflorescences, and pods are borne on nodes—remains elusive. The emergence of gene-editing tools, notably CRISPR/Cas9, offers powerful tools for dissecting redundant transporter families and targeted engineering of key regulatory nodes. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the molecular networks governing sugar perception and long-distance transport, with a specific focus on soybean. It further explores the utility of gene editing in accelerating the functional characterization of critical components and highlights potential molecular targets for manipulating source–sink dynamics to enhance soybean yield. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of CRISPR–Cas in Evolving Agriculture and Plant Biotechnology)

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9 pages, 932 KB

Open AccessBrief Report

Impact of Diet and Maternal Obesity on Human Milk Hyaluronan

by Christopher Hoover, Karni S. Moshal, Jeffrey V. Eckert, Adam P. Wilson, Kathryn Y. Burge, David A. Fields and Hala Chaaban

Nutrients 2025, 17(22), 3560; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17223560 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Human milk hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan with barrier-protective and immunomodulatory functions, may be influenced by maternal characteristics. The effects of maternal obesity and acute dietary intake on milk HA concentrations remain unclear. Methods: This secondary analysis included 35 lactating mothers (n [...] Read more.

Background: Human milk hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan with barrier-protective and immunomodulatory functions, may be influenced by maternal characteristics. The effects of maternal obesity and acute dietary intake on milk HA concentrations remain unclear. Methods: This secondary analysis included 35 lactating mothers (n = 19 normal weight [NW], n = 16 obese [OB]) at 6 weeks postpartum who participated in two separate, but standardized, protocols: (1) Study One, which consisted of hourly milk collections for six hours following a standardized high-fat meal with a sugar-sweetened beverage beginning at 6:00 am, and (2) Study Two, which consisted of daily morning milk collections for seven consecutive days to assess temporal stability (Monday-Sunday). HA concentrations were quantified by an ELISA and analyzed using a mixed-effects and repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: In Study One, postprandial HA concentrations remained stable with no effect of time, BMI, or time × BMI interaction (p > 0.05). In Study Two, HA did not vary significantly by day (p = 0.082) but was higher in OB versus NW mothers (151.9 ± 18.7 vs. 96.5 ± 12.4 ng/mL; p = 0.0396), with the largest difference observed on Day 1 (p = 0.0117). Mean HA values trended upward later in the week (Day 6 and 7), suggesting potential influences of habitual dietary intake or weekend energy patterns. Conclusions: Milk HA concentrations were not altered by acute dietary intake but were consistently higher across multiple days in mothers with obesity. These results indicate that milk HA varies with maternal metabolic status and may also be influenced by habitual dietary patterns, including fluctuations between weekday and weekend intake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Maternal Nutrition from Preconception, Through Pregnancy and Lactation)

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13 pages, 266 KB

Open AccessArticle

Weak 2-Local Inner Derivations of Semiprime ∗-Banach Algebras

by Boxian Li and Xiangqi Qiang

Mathematics 2025, 13(22), 3652; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13223652 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

This paper introduces and examines the concept of weak 2-local inner derivations and their relationship to

P

-2-local mappings. It is established that every such mapping on a semiprime ∗-Banach algebra with a faithful trace is a derivation, which also provides a complete [...] Read more.

This paper introduces and examines the concept of weak 2-local inner derivations and their relationship to

P

-2-local mappings. It is established that every such mapping on a semiprime ∗-Banach algebra with a faithful trace is a derivation, which also provides a complete characterization on finite von Neumann algebras. Additionally, it is shown that weak 2-local inner derivations coincide with the 2-local reflection closure of the inner derivations. Full article

13 pages, 428 KB

Open AccessReview

Photon-Counting Computed Tomography in Thoracic Surgery: A Narrative Review of Current and Future Applications

by Giuseppe Mangiameli, Debora Brascia, Filippo Lococo and Giuseppe Marulli

Cancers 2025, 17(22), 3656; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17223656 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) introduces a new era in thoracic imaging by offering ultra-high spatial resolution, reduced noise, spectral imaging capabilities, and lower radiation dose compared to conventional CT. These features are particularly relevant in thoracic surgery, where precise anatomical and functional assessment [...] Read more.

Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) introduces a new era in thoracic imaging by offering ultra-high spatial resolution, reduced noise, spectral imaging capabilities, and lower radiation dose compared to conventional CT. These features are particularly relevant in thoracic surgery, where precise anatomical and functional assessment is essential throughout the perioperative period. This narrative review outlines the clinical potential of PCCT in surgical planning, intra- and postoperative evaluation, and follow-up of both oncologic and non-oncologic thoracic conditions. PCCT enables accurate bronchovascular mapping and iodine-based perfusion imaging, supporting sublobar resection planning and risk stratification in patients with complex anatomy or reduced lung function. Postoperatively, it enhances detection of subtle complications—such as air leaks or hematomas—and improves image quality near metallic implants through advanced artifact reduction techniques. The ability to combine high-resolution imaging with functional data allows for comprehensive evaluation in a single scan and may aid in differentiating fibrosis from local recurrence. Despite its promises, PCCT adoption is currently limited by high cost, restricted availability, and the need for training and system integration. Furthermore, prospective clinical studies are still needed to determine its impact on surgical outcomes. As technological and infrastructural challenges are addressed, PCCT may become a valuable component of image-guided thoracic surgery, contributing to safer, more personalized care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies in Thoracic Surgery)

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25 pages, 2688 KB

Open AccessArticle

Wildfire Prediction in British Columbia Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models: A Data-Driven Framework

by Maryam Nasourinia and Kalpdrum Passi

Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2025, 9(11), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9110290 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Wildfires pose a growing threat to ecosystems, infrastructure, and public safety, particularly in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. In recent years, the frequency, severity, and scale of wildfires in BC have increased significantly, largely due to climate change, human activity, and [...] Read more.

Wildfires pose a growing threat to ecosystems, infrastructure, and public safety, particularly in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. In recent years, the frequency, severity, and scale of wildfires in BC have increased significantly, largely due to climate change, human activity, and changing land use patterns. This study presents a comprehensive, data-driven approach to wildfire prediction, leveraging advanced machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. A high-resolution dataset was constructed by integrating five years of wildfire incident records from the Canadian Wildland Fire Information System (CWFIS) with ERA5 reanalysis climate data. The final dataset comprises more than 3.6 million spatiotemporal records and 148 environmental, meteorological, and geospatial features. Six feature selection techniques were evaluated, and five predictive models—Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, and an RNN + LSTM—were trained and compared. The CatBoost model achieved the highest predictive performance with an accuracy of 93.4%, F1-score of 92.1%, and ROC-AUC of 0.94, while Random Forest achieved an accuracy of 92.6%. The study identifies key environmental variables, including surface temperature, humidity, wind speed, and soil moisture, as the most influential predictors of wildfire occurrence. These findings highlight the potential of data-driven AI frameworks to support early warning systems and enhance operational wildfire management in British Columbia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic AI for Natural Disasters Detection, Prediction and Modeling)

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20 pages, 1131 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nature-Based Solution for Sustainable Urban Pavement Construction in South Africa

by Douglas Aghimien and John Aliu

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(11), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9110479 (registering DOI) - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

As urban areas in developing countries, including South Africa, continue to grapple with the adverse challenges of climate change and rapid population growth, there is an increasing call for nature-inspired solutions. This is because nature-based solutions (NbSs) can significantly enhance urban resilience by [...] Read more.

As urban areas in developing countries, including South Africa, continue to grapple with the adverse challenges of climate change and rapid population growth, there is an increasing call for nature-inspired solutions. This is because nature-based solutions (NbSs) can significantly enhance urban resilience by managing stormwater, reducing flooding and creating livable spaces within urban centers. One such NbS is permeable pavement, which has gained attention for its ability to allow water to infiltrate rather than run off. However, while its use is growing in developed nations, the story is not the same in South Africa, where the literature is silent on its usage and issues of flooding and other associated disasters have persisted. Therefore, this study adopts a post-positivist approach to investigate the application and challenges of permeable pavements as an NbS in South African urban areas. The study reveals a low level of permeable pavement use, albeit an encouraging level of awareness among built environment professionals. Covariance-based structural equation modelling further revealed the significant causes of this poor application. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to create incentives and frameworks that promote permeable pavement adoption in urban areas facing environmental challenges. Moreover, this research contributes to the limited literature on NbSs in South Africa, offering a foundation for future studies and addressing the pressing need for innovative solutions to flooding and urban resilience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urbanization, Regional Planning and Development)

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