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Gels, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2016) – 5 articles

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3949 KiB  
Article
Effect of Xanthan Gum on the Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Sodium Caseinate Acid Gels
by María E. Hidalgo, Mirta Armendariz, Jorge R. Wagner and Patricia H. Risso
Gels 2016, 2(3), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2030023 - 10 Sep 2016
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7745
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of xanthan gum (XG) on the gelation process of bovine sodium caseinate (NaCAS) induced by acidification with glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) and on the mixed acid gel microstructure. Before GDL addition, segregative phase separation was [...] Read more.
The aim of this work was to study the effect of xanthan gum (XG) on the gelation process of bovine sodium caseinate (NaCAS) induced by acidification with glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) and on the mixed acid gel microstructure. Before GDL addition, segregative phase separation was observed in all the NaCAS-XG mixtures evaluated. The gelation process was analyzed by using a fractional factorial experimental design. The images of the microstructure of the mixed acid gels were obtained by conventional optical microscopy and the mean diameter of the interstices was determined. Both the elastic character and the microstructure of the gels depended on the concentrations of XG added. As XG concentration increased, the kinetics of the gelation process was modified and the degree of compactness and elasticity component of the gel network increased. The microstructure of gels depends on the balance among thermodynamic incompatibility, protein gelation and NaCAS-XG interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheology of Gels)
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1272 KiB  
Review
Rheology of Emulsion-Filled Gels Applied to the Development of Food Materials
by Ivana M. Geremias-Andrade, Nayla P.B.G. Souki, Izabel C.F. Moraes and Samantha C. Pinho
Gels 2016, 2(3), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2030022 - 16 Aug 2016
Cited by 78 | Viewed by 10924
Abstract
Emulsion-filled gels are classified as soft solid materials and are complex colloids formed by matrices of polymeric gels into which emulsion droplets are incorporated. Several structural aspects of these gels have been studied in the past few years, including their applications in food, [...] Read more.
Emulsion-filled gels are classified as soft solid materials and are complex colloids formed by matrices of polymeric gels into which emulsion droplets are incorporated. Several structural aspects of these gels have been studied in the past few years, including their applications in food, which is the focus of this review. Knowledge of the rheological behavior of emulsion-filled gels is extremely important because it can measure interferences promoted by droplets or particle inclusion on the textural properties of the gelled systems. Dynamic oscillatory tests, more specifically, small amplitude oscillatory shear, creep-recovery tests, and large deformation experiments, are discussed in this review as techniques present in the literature to characterize rheological behavior of emulsion-filled gels. Moreover, the correlation of mechanical properties with sensory aspects of emulsion-filled gels appearing in recent studies is discussed, demonstrating the applicability of these parameters in understanding mastication processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheology of Gels)
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156 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Raman Subrahmanyam, et al. On the Road to Biopolymer Aerogels—Dealing with the Solvent. Gels 2015, 1, 291–313
by Raman Subrahmanyam, Pavel Gurikov, Paul Dieringer, Miaotian Sun and Irina Smirnova
Gels 2016, 2(3), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2030021 - 09 Aug 2016
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 3882
Abstract
The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [1].[...] Full article
6920 KiB  
Review
Hydrogels as Extracellular Matrix Analogs
by Eva C. González-Díaz and Shyni Varghese
Gels 2016, 2(3), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2030020 - 03 Aug 2016
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 8820
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component of tissue that provides physical scaffolding to cells. Emerging studies have shown that beyond structural support, the ECM provides tissue-specific biochemical and biophysical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hydrogel-based platforms have [...] Read more.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component of tissue that provides physical scaffolding to cells. Emerging studies have shown that beyond structural support, the ECM provides tissue-specific biochemical and biophysical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hydrogel-based platforms have played a key role in advancing our knowledge of the role of ECM in regulating various cellular functions. Synthetic hydrogels allow for tunable biofunctionality, as their material properties can be tailored to mimic those of native tissues. This review discusses current advances in the design of hydrogels with defined physical and chemical properties. We also highlight research findings that demonstrate the impact of matrix properties on directing stem cell fate, such as self-renewal and differentiation. Recent and future efforts towards understanding cell-material interactions will not only advance our basic understanding, but will also help design tissue-specific matrices and delivery systems to transplant stem cells and control their response in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering)
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6657 KiB  
Article
Immobilization of Colloidal Monolayers at Fluid–Fluid Interfaces
by Peter T. Bähler, Michele Zanini, Giulia Morgese, Edmondo M. Benetti and Lucio Isa
Gels 2016, 2(3), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2030019 - 08 Jul 2016
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5601
Abstract
Monolayers of colloidal particles trapped at an interface between two immiscible fluids play a pivotal role in many applications and act as essential models in fundamental studies. One of the main advantages of these systems is that non-close packed monolayers with tunable inter-particle [...] Read more.
Monolayers of colloidal particles trapped at an interface between two immiscible fluids play a pivotal role in many applications and act as essential models in fundamental studies. One of the main advantages of these systems is that non-close packed monolayers with tunable inter-particle spacing can be formed, as required, for instance, in surface patterning and sensing applications. At the same time, the immobilization of particles locked into desired structures to be transferred to solid substrates remains challenging. Here, we describe three different strategies to immobilize monolayers of polystyrene microparticles at water–decane interfaces. The first route is based on the leaking of polystyrene oligomers from the particles themselves, which leads to the formation of a rigid interfacial film. The other two rely on in situ interfacial polymerization routes that embed the particles into a polymer membrane. By tracking the motion of the colloids at the interface, we can follow in real-time the formation of the polymer membranes and we interestingly find that the onset of the polymerization reaction is accompanied by an increase in particle mobility determined by Marangoni flows at the interface. These results pave the way for future developments in the realization of thin tailored composite polymer-particle membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colloid Chemistry)
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