J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2018, 5(1), 16; doi:10.3390/jcdd5010016
Multi-Scale Assessments of Cardiac Electrophysiology Reveal Regional Heterogeneity in Health and Disease
Catherine E. Lipovsky 1,2,†
, Brittany D. Brumback 1,3,†, Aditi Khandekar 1 and Stacey L. Rentschler 1,2,3,*
, Brittany D. Brumback 1,3,†, Aditi Khandekar 1 and Stacey L. Rentschler 1,2,3,*
1
Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
2
Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
3
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
â€
These authors contributed equally to this work.
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 31 January 2018 / Revised: 27 February 2018 / Accepted: 5 March 2018 / Published: 8 March 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology of the Developing and Mature Cardiovascular System)
Abstract
The left and right ventricles of the four-chambered heart have distinct developmental origins and functions. Chamber-specific developmental programming underlies the differential gene expression of ion channel subunits regulating cardiac electrophysiology that persists into adulthood. Here, we discuss regional specific electrical responses to genetic mutations and cardiac stressors, their clinical correlations, and describe many of the multi-scale techniques commonly used to analyze electrophysiological regional heterogeneity. View Full-TextKeywords:
cardiac development; electrophysiology; optical mapping; ECGI
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Lipovsky, C.E.; Brumback, B.D.; Khandekar, A.; Rentschler, S.L. Multi-Scale Assessments of Cardiac Electrophysiology Reveal Regional Heterogeneity in Health and Disease. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2018, 5, 16.
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J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.
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