Vet. Sci. 2017, 4(2), 20; doi:10.3390/vetsci4020020
Coronary Artery Anomalies in Animals
Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Academic Editors: Sonja Fonfara and Lynne O’Sullivan
Received: 29 January 2017 / Revised: 2 March 2017 / Accepted: 11 April 2017 / Published: 12 April 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comparison of Cardiovascular Systems and Diseases Across Species)
Abstract
Coronary artery anomalies represent a disease spectrum from incidental to life-threatening. Anomalies of coronary artery origin and course are well-recognized in human medicine, but have received limited attention in veterinary medicine. Coronary artery anomalies are best described in the dog, hamster, and cow though reports also exist in the horse and pig. The most well-known anomaly in veterinary medicine is anomalous coronary artery origin with a prepulmonary course in dogs, which limits treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis. A categorization scheme for coronary artery anomalies in animals is suggested, dividing these anomalies into those of major or minor clinical significance. A review of coronary artery development, anatomy, and reported anomalies in domesticated species is provided and four novel canine examples of anomalous coronary artery origin are described: an English bulldog with single left coronary ostium and a retroaortic right coronary artery; an English bulldog with single right coronary ostium and transseptal left coronary artery; an English bulldog with single right coronary ostium and absent left coronary artery with a prepulmonary paraconal interventricular branch and an interarterial circumflex branch; and a mixed-breed dog with tetralogy of Fallot and anomalous origin of all coronary branches from the brachiocephalic trunk. Coronary arterial fistulae are also described including a coronary cameral fistula in a llama cria and an English bulldog with coronary artery aneurysm and anomalous shunting vessels from the right coronary artery to the pulmonary trunk. These examples are provided with the intent to raise awareness and improve understanding of such defects. View Full-TextKeywords:
heart; congenital; single coronary; veterinary; dog; cat
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (CC BY 4.0).
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Scansen, B.A. Coronary Artery Anomalies in Animals. Vet. Sci. 2017, 4, 20.
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