Potential and Challenges of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Liver Diseases Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hepatic Differentiation of iPSCs in Vitro
3. Applications of iPSCs in Liver Diseases
3.1. Regenerative Medicine
Applications | Diseases | iPSCs from Donor | References |
---|---|---|---|
Regenerative Medicine | fulminant hepatic failure | mouse normal iPSCs | [10] |
liver regeneration | mouse normal iPSCs | [11] | |
liver fibrosis | mouse normal iPSCs | [12] | |
chronic liver disease | mouse normal iPSCs | [13] | |
BAL | liver failure | human normal iPSCs | [14] |
Gene Therapy | A1AT deficiency | A1AT deficiency patient iPSCs | [15] |
WD | WD patient | [16] | |
Liver Diseases Model | HBV, HCV | human normal iPSCs | [17] |
HCV | human normal iPSCs | [18,19] | |
A1AT deficiency GSD, FH, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, hereditary tyrosinemia | patients iPSCs | [5,20] | |
Drug Discovery and Hepatoxicity Screening | Normal liver | patients iPSCs or human normal iPSCs | [5,21,22,23,24,25] |
3.2. BAL
3.3. Gene Therapy in Hereditary Liver Disease
3.4. iPSCs in Liver Diseases Model
3.4.1. iPSCs from Normal Individuals
3.4.2. iPSCs from Patients
3.5. In Drug Discovery and Hepatoxicity Screening
4. Challenges of iPSCs Application
4.1. Large Expansion System of iPSCs
4.2. Immaturity of the HLCs Derived from iPSCs
4.3. Strategies to Purify the HCLs Differentiated from iPSCs
4.4. Low Efficiency of Engraftment
4.5. EP Cell Lines from iPSCs
4.6. Large Expansion System of HLCs and Engineering Liver with iPSCs
4.7. In Vivo Differentiation of iPSCs
5. Conclusions
Abbreviations
A1AT | alpha-1-antitrypsin |
ALF | acute liver failure |
APOA-II | apoliprotein A-II |
BAL | bioartificial liver |
CYP | cytochrome P450 |
DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
DE | definitive endoderm |
EP | endodermal progenitor |
ESCs | embryonic stem cells |
FAH | fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase |
hiPSCs | human iPSCs |
HNF4α | hepatic nuclear factor 4-alpha |
HPCs | hepatic progenitor-like cells |
iPSCs | induced pluripotent stem cells |
HLC | hepatocyte-like cells |
WD | Wilson’s disease |
Acknowledgment
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yu, Y.; Wang, X.; Nyberg, S.L. Potential and Challenges of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Liver Diseases Treatment. J. Clin. Med. 2014, 3, 997-1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3030997
Yu Y, Wang X, Nyberg SL. Potential and Challenges of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Liver Diseases Treatment. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2014; 3(3):997-1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3030997
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yue, Xuehao Wang, and Scott L. Nyberg. 2014. "Potential and Challenges of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Liver Diseases Treatment" Journal of Clinical Medicine 3, no. 3: 997-1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3030997