Genetic Predisposition and Disease Expression of Bipolar Disorder Reflected in Shape Changes of the Anterior Limbic Network
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Imaging Data Acquisition and Preprocessing
2.3. Cortical Surface Extraction and Shape Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis for Group Comparison
3. Results
3.1. Changes in the Cortical Folding associated with Hereditary Predisposition to Bipolar Disorder
3.2. Changes in Cortical Folding associated with Disease Expression of BD
3.3. Changes in Cortical Folding Associated with the Absence of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis
4. Discussion
4.1. Neurobiological Basis of Changes in Cortical Folding Structure
4.2. Changes in Cortical Folding Associated with Hereditary Predisposition to Bipolar Disorder
4.3. Changes in Cortical Folding Associated with Disease Expression of Bipolar Disorder
4.4. Cortical Folding Structures Associated with an Absence of Diagnosis for Unaffected Siblings
4.5. Further Considerations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bipolar I Patients (BD) | Unaffected Siblings (US) | Healthy Controls (HC) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of subjects | 17 | 17 | 22 | |
Gender (male/female) | 11/6 | 8/9 | 13/9 | 0.566 a |
Age (years) | 42.9 ± 10.6 | 42.6 ± 11.2 | 42.1 ± 10.6 | 0.970 b |
HAMD | 3.3 ± 2.8 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.4 | <0.001 b |
YMARS | 2.4 ± 2.5 | 0.6 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 0.7 | 0.001 b |
Duration of illness (years) | 17.3 ± 9.9 | -- | -- | |
Onset age (years) | 25.5 ± 11.5 | -- | -- | |
Past manic episodes (times) | 5.8 ± 6.6 | -- | -- | |
Past depressive episodes (times) | 4.1 ± 3.4 | -- | -- | |
Number of subjects who had psychosis (%) | 11 (64.7%) | -- | -- | |
GM volumes (cm3) | 577.6 ± 56.4 | 562.3 ± 44.6 | 569.0 ± 53.8 | 0.692 b |
WM volumes (cm3) | 509.5 ± 56.3 | 497.8 ± 54.7 | 506.3 ± 56.8 | 0.819 b |
GM + WM volumes (cm3) | 1087.0 ± 108.4 | 1060.0 ± 85.6 | 1075.2 ± 106.1 | 0.738 b |
Cortical Region | Surface Category | CVD in BD | CVD in US | CVD in HC | Pairwise p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BD < HC and US < HC | |||||
Superior orbital frontal cortex, right | Gyral | 0.424 ± 0.016 | 0.408 ± 0.022 | 0.444 ± 0.031 | BD vs. HC 0.048 * US vs. HC < 0.001 * BD vs. US 0.228 |
Middle orbital frontal cortex, right | Gyral | 0.448 ± 0.028 | 0.442 ± 0.037 | 0.473 ± 0.029 | BD vs. HC 0.047 * US vs. HC 0.011 * BD vs. US 1.000 |
Superior-medial orbital frontal cortex, right | Sulcal | 0.194 ± 0.014 | 0.195 ± 0.014 | 0.206 ± 0.011 | BD vs. HC 0.011 * US vs. HC 0.022 * BD vs. US 1.000 |
Inferior temporal cortex, left | Gyral | 0.463 ± 0.024 | 0.454 ± 0.016 | 0.482 ± 0.026 | BD vs. HC 0.033 * US vs. HC 0.001 * BD vs. US 0.843 |
Middle temporal pole, right | Sulcal | 0.336 ± 0.047 | 0.340 ± 0.084 | 0.405 ± 0.010 | BD vs. HC 0.033 * US vs. HC 0.048 * BD vs. US 1.000 |
Insula, left | Sulcal | 0.204 ± 0.011 | 0.212 ± 0.014 | 0.215 ± 0.013 | BD vs. HC 0.032 * US vs. HC 1.000 BD vs. US 0.197 |
Insula, left | Gyral | 0.319 ± 0.032 | 0.312 ± 0.024 | 0.339 ± 0.034 | BD vs. HC 0.152 US vs. HC 0.026 * BD vs. US 1.000 |
Cortical Region | Surface Category | CVD in BD | CVD in US | CVD in HC | Pairwise p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BD < HC | |||||
Insula, right | Gyral | 0.308 ± 0.034 | 0.327 ± 0.041 | 0.340 ± 0.029 | BD vs. HC 0.020 * US vs. HC 0.774 BD vs. US 0.355 |
Insula, right | Sulcal | 0.210 ± 0.009 | 0.216 ± 0.013 | 0.223± 0.012 | BD vs. HC 0.003 * US vs. HC 0.200 BD vs. US 0.374 |
Hippocampus, left | Sulcal | 0.228 ± 0.019 | 0.238 ± 0.012 | 0.244 ± 0.016 | BD vs. HC 0.008 * US vs. HC 0.657 BD vs. US 0.243 |
Hippocampus, right | Sulcal | 0.217 ± 0.014 | 0.226 ± 0.008 | 0.233 ± 0.022 | BD vs. HC 0.011 * US vs. HC 0.574 BD vs. US 0.334 |
Caudate, right | Sulcal | 0.189 ± 0.015 | 0.194 ± 0.017 | 0.205 ± 0.014 | BD vs. HC 0.006 * US vs. HC 0.068 BD vs. US 1.000 |
Thalamus, right | Gyral | 0.340 ± 0.028 | 0.361 ± 0.018 | 0.367 ± 0.030 | BD vs. HC 0.009 * US vs. HC 1.000 BD vs. US 0.083 |
Superior temporal pole, left | Gyral | 0.461 ± 0.048 | 0.484 ± 0.039 | 0.506 ± 0.070 | BD vs. HC 0.045 * US vs. HC 0.251 BD vs. US 1.000 |
Superior temporal pole, right | Gyral | 0.500 ± 0.062 | 0.515 ± 0.050 | 0.554 ± 0.066 | BD vs. HC 0.022 * US vs. HC 0.152 BD vs. US 1.000 |
Inferior temporal cortex, right | Sulcal | 0.258 ± 0.019 | 0.263 ± 0.023 | 0.279 ± 0.026 | BD vs. HC 0.018 * US vs. HC 0.104 BD vs. US 1.000 |
BD < US | |||||
Anterior cingulate cortex, right | Sulcal | 0.201 ± 0.017 | 0.216 ± 0.022 | 0.210 ± 0.013 | BD vs. HC 0.262 US vs. HC 0.883 BD vs. US 0.033 * |
Cortical Region | Surface Category | CVD in BD | CVD in US | CVD in HC | Pairwise p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
US < HC and US < BD | |||||
Caudate, right | Gyral | 0.237 ± 0.016 | 0.220 ± 0.016 | 0.238 ± 0.017 | BD vs. HC 1..000 US vs. HC 0.004 * BD vs. US 0.014 * |
US < HC | |||||
Parahippocampal gyrus, right | Gyral | 0.386 ± 0.036 | 0.377 ± 0.032 | 0.405 ± 0.031 | BD vs. HC 0.249 US vs. HC 0.036 * BD vs. US 1.000 |
Amygdala, left | Gyral | 0.436 ± 0.036 | 0.421 ± 0.037 | 0.461 ± 0.052 | BD vs. HC 0.225 US vs. HC 0.016 * BD vs. US 0.918 |
Putamen, right | Gyral | 0.426 ± 0.023 | 0.419 ± 0.025 | 0.442 ± 0.024 | BD vs. HC 0.136 US vs. HC 0.013 * BD vs. US 1.000 |
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Lu, C.-F.; Wu, Y.-T.; Teng, S.; Wang, P.-S.; Tu, P.-C.; Su, T.-P.; Jao, C.-W.; Li, C.-T. Genetic Predisposition and Disease Expression of Bipolar Disorder Reflected in Shape Changes of the Anterior Limbic Network. Brain Sci. 2019, 9, 240. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090240
Lu C-F, Wu Y-T, Teng S, Wang P-S, Tu P-C, Su T-P, Jao C-W, Li C-T. Genetic Predisposition and Disease Expression of Bipolar Disorder Reflected in Shape Changes of the Anterior Limbic Network. Brain Sciences. 2019; 9(9):240. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090240
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Chia-Feng, Yu-Te Wu, Shin Teng, Po-Shan Wang, Pei-Chi Tu, Tung-Ping Su, Chi-Wen Jao, and Cheng-Ta Li. 2019. "Genetic Predisposition and Disease Expression of Bipolar Disorder Reflected in Shape Changes of the Anterior Limbic Network" Brain Sciences 9, no. 9: 240. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090240