Erbium Ring Fiber Laser Cavity Based on Tip Modal Interferometer and Its Tunable Multi-Wavelength Response for Refractive Index and Temperature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fiber Filter Fabrication and Its Principle Operation
3. Results
3.1. Refractive Index Response
3.2. Temperature Analysis
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Yin, Z.; Gao, L.; Liu, S.; Zhang, L.; Wu, F.; Chen, L.; Chen, X. Fiber Ring Laser Sensor for Temperature Measurement. J. Lightw. Technol. 2010, 28, 3403–3408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.; Zhang, M.; Lu, P.; Mihailov, S.; Bao, X. Multi-parameter sensor based on random fiber lasers. AIP Adv. 2016, 6, 95009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Liu, Z.; Li, Y.; Liu, Y.; Tan, Z.-W.; Jian, S. A Static Axial Strain Fiber Ring Cavity Laser Sensor Based on Multi-Modal Interference. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2013, 25, 2050–2053. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bai, X.; Fan, D.; Wang, S.; Pu, S.; Zeng, X. Strain Sensor Based on Fiber Ring Cavity Laser With Photonic Crystal Fiber In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer. IEEE Photonics J. 2014, 6, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gonzalez-Reyna, M.A.; Alvarado-Mendez, E.; Estudillo-Ayala, J.M.; Vargas-Rodriguez, E.; Sosa-Morales, M.E.; Sierra-Hernandez, J.M.; Jauregui-Vazquez, D.; Rojas-Laguna, R. Laer Temperature Sensor Based on a Fiber Bragg Grating. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2015, 27, 1141–1144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, C.; Dong, Y.; Wang, M.; Jian, S. Liquid level and temperature sensing by using dual-wavelength fiber laser based on multimode interferometer and FBG in parallel. Opt. Fiber Technol. 2018, 41, 212–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liang, L.; Ren, G.; Yin, B.; Peng, W.; Liang, X.; Jian, S. Refractive Index and Temperature Sensor Based on Fiber Ring Laser with STCS Fiber Structure. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2014, 26, 2201–2204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Z.; Tan, Z.; Yin, B.; Bai, Y.; Jian, S. Refractive index sensing characterization of a singlemode–claddingless–singlemode fiber structure based fiber ring cavity laser. Opt. Express 2014, 22, 5037. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Q.; Chang, J.; Wang, Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, F.; Qin, Z. Acousto-Optic Q-Switched Fiber Laser-Based Intra-Cavity Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Trace Gas Detection. Sensors 2017, 18, 42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Allen, T.J.; Beard, P.C. Pulsed near-infrared laser diode excitation system for biomedical photoacoustic imaging. Opt. Lett. 2006, 31, 3462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Boroon, M.; Hitam, S.; Mahdi, M.A.; Sahbudin, R.K.Z.; Seyedzadeh, S. Performance of Multi-Wavelength Erbium Doped Fiber Laser on Free Space Optical Medium. In Proceedings of the IEEE 5th International Conference on Photonics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2–4 September 2014; pp. 2–4. [Google Scholar]
- Xu, D.; Cao, Y.; Zhao, A.; Tong, Z. A microwave photonic filter based on multi-wavelength fiber laser and infinite impulse response. Optoelectron. Lett. 2016, 12, 325–328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, C.; Yao, J. Fiber Bragg gratings for microwave photonics subsystems. Opt. Express 2013, 21, 22868. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jauregui-Vazquez, D.; Rojas-Laguna, R.; Estudillo-Ayala, J.M.; Hernandez-Garcia, J.C.; Lopez-Dieguez, Y.; Sierra-Hernandez, J.M. A multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser using an intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer. Laser Phys. 2016, 26, 105105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, W.; Zhu, L.; Dong, M.; Lou, X.; Luo, F. Wavelength-switchable C-band erbium-doped fibre laser incorporating all-fibre Fabry–Perot interferometer fabricated by chemical etching. J. Mod. Opt. 2018, 65, 818–824. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sierra-Hernandez, J.M.; Rojas-Laguna, R.; Vargas-Rodriguez, E.; Estudillo-Ayala, J.M.; Jauregui-Vazquez, D.; Guzmán-Chávez, A.D.; Zaca-Moran, P. A tunable multi-wavelength erbium doped fiber laser based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and photonic crystal fiber. Laser Phys. 2013, 23, 125103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mirza, M.A.; Stewart, G. Theory and design of a simple tunable Sagnac loop filter for multiwavelength fiber lasers. Appl. Opt. 2008, 47, 5242–5252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Salceda-Delgado, G.; Martinez-Rios, A.; Sierra-Hernandez, J.M.; Rodríguez-Carreón, V.C.; Toral-Acosta, D.; Selvas-Aguilar, R.; Álvarez-Tamayo, R.I.; Castillo-Guzman, A.A.; Rojas-Laguna, R. Reconfiguration of the multiwavelength operation of optical fiber ring lasers by the modifiable intra-cavity induced losses of an in-fiber tip probe modal Michelson interferometer. Laser Phys. 2018, 28, 035107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chow, J.; Town, G.; Eggleton, B.; Ibsen, M.; Sugden, K.; Bennion, I. Multiwavelength generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser using in-fiber comb filters. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 1996, 8, 60–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, G.; Moon, D.S.; Lin, A.; Han, W.-T.; Chung, Y. Tunable multiwavelength fiber laser using a comb filter based on erbium-ytterbium co-doped polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror. Opt. Express 2008, 16, 3652. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Han, Y.G.; Kim, C.S.; Kang, J.U.; Paek, U.C.; Chung, Y. Multiwavelength Raman fiber-ring laser based on tunable cascaded long-period fiber gratings. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2003, 15, 383–385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Z.X.; Xu, K.; Wu, J.; Hong, X.B.; Lin, J.T. Multiwavelength figure-of-eight fiber laser with a nonlinear optical loop mirror. Laser Phys. Lett. 2008, 5, 213–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.; Xu, Y.; Lu, P.; Mihailov, S.; Chen, L. Multi-Wavelength Brillouin Random Fiber Laser via Distributed Feedback from a Random Fiber Grating. J. Lightw. Technol. 2018, 36, 2122–2128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Yao, J.; Yao, J.; Yeap, T.H. Single-longitudinal-mode multiwavelength fiber ring laser. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2004, 16, 1020–1022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.; Han, D.; Sun, Z.; Zeng, C.; Lu, H.; Mao, D.; Cui, Y.; Wang, F. Versatile multi-wavelength ultrafast fiber laser mode-locked by carbon nanotubes. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yeh, C.H.; Chow, C.W.; Wu, Y.F.; Shih, F.Y.; Wang, C.H.; Chi, S. Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser employing Fabry–Perot etalon inside cavity operating in room temperature. Opt. Fiber Technol. 2009, 15, 344–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, H.J.; Kim, S.-J.; Ko, M.O.; Kim, J.-H.; Jeon, M.Y. Tunable, multiwavelength-swept fiber laser based on nematic liquid crystal device for fiber-optic electric-field sensor. Opt. Commun. 2018, 410, 637–642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ummy, M.A.; Madamopoulos, N.; Dorsinville, R. Tunable multi-wavelength SOA based linear cavity fiber laser source for optical communications applications. In Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT), Venice, Italy, 27–29 April 2011; pp. 87–91. [Google Scholar]
- Li, Y.; Tian, J.; Quan, M.; Yao, Y. Tunable Multiwavelength Er-Doped Fiber Laser with a Two-Stage Lyot Filter. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2017, 29, 287–290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, W.; Li, D.; Zhu, L.; Dong, M.; Luo, F. Tunable Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Employing PM-FBG and Mach–Zehnder Interferometer with Optical Fiber Delay Line. IEEE Photonics J. 2017, 9, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xiao, F.; Alameh, K.; Lee, Y.T. Tunable multi-wavelength fiber lasers based on an Opto-VLSI processor and optical amplifiers an Opto-VLSI processor and optical amplifiers. Opt. Express 2009, 17, 910–912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhou, M.; Ren, F.; Li, J.; Ge, D.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, Z.; He, Y. Tunable Multi-Wavelength EDF Laser Based on Sagnac Interferometer with Weakly-Coupled FMF Delay Line. In Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 11–15 March 2018; pp. 7–9. [Google Scholar]
- Luo, A.-P.; Luo, Z.-C.; Xu, W.-C. Tunable and switchable Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Based on a Modified Dual-Pass. Opt. Lett. 2009, 34, 2135–2137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lian, Y.; Ren, G.; Zhu, B.; Gao, Y.; Jian, W.; Ren, W.; Jian, S. Switchable multiwavelength fiber laser using erbium-doped twin-core fiber and nonlinear polarization rotation. Laser Phys. Lett. 2017, 14, 055101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, N.; Han, X.; Chang, P.; Huang, L.; Gao, F.; Yu, X.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, G.; Xu, J. Tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser with unique gain system based on in-fiber acousto-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Express 2017, 25, 27609. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zulkhairi, A.S.; Azzuhri, S.R.; Shaharuddin, R.A.; Jaddoa, M.F.; Salim, M.A.M.; Jasim, A.A.; Ahmad, H. Switchable multiwavelength ytterbium-doped fiber laser using a non-adiabatic microfiber interferometer. Laser Phys. 2017, 27, 055104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahmad, H.; Jasim, A.A. Stable C-band fiber laser with switchable multi-wavelength output using coupled microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Fiber Technol. 2017, 36, 105–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.; Ren, L.; Ma, C.; Kong, X.; Ren, K.; Song, F. Stable and uniform multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on a microfiber knot resonator with a Sagnac loop reflector. J. Opt. 2017, 46, 420–424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Birks, T.A.; Li, Y.W. The Shape of Fiber Tapers. J. Lightw. Technol. 1992, 10, 432–438. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lopez-Dieguez, Y.; Estudillo-Ayala, J.M.; Jauregui-Vazquez, D.; Sierra-Hernandez, J.M.; Herrera-Piad, L.A.; Cruz-Duarte, J.M.; Hernandez-Garcia, J.C.; Rojas-Laguna, R. Multi-mode all Fiber Interferometer based on Fabry-Perot Multi-cavity and its Temperature Response. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 2017, 147, 232–239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lopez-Dieguez, Y.; Estudillo-Ayala, J.M.; Jauregui-Vazquez, D.; Herrera-Piad, L.A.; Sierra-Hernandez, J.M.; Hernandez-Garcia, J.C.; Bienchetti, M.; Reyes-Ayona, J.R.; Rojas-Laguna, R. Tip Fiber-Optic Intermodal Interferometer for Refractive Index Sensing. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2018, 30, 15–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.; Yang, X.; Lu, F.; Ng, J.; Zhou, X.; Lu, C. Stable and uniform dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on fiber Bragg gratings and photonic crystal fiber. Opt. Express 2005, 13, 142–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Qhumayo, S.; Manuel, R.M.; Grobler, M. Wavelength and power stabilization of a three wavelength Erbium doped fiber laser using a nonlinear optical loop mirror. In Proceedings of the AFRICON, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14–17 September 2015; pp. 1–4. [Google Scholar]
- Lu, P.; Men, L.; Sooley, K.; Chen, Q. Tapered fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 131110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chen, D.; Qin, S.; He, S. Channel-spacing-tunable multi-wavelength fiber ring laser with hybrid Raman and Erbium-doped fiber gains. Opt. Express 2007, 15, 930–935. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Iu, L.; Ang, Z.H.Y. Tunable and channel spacing precisely controlled comb filters based on the fused taper technology. Opt. Express 2018, 26, 265–272. [Google Scholar]
- Ummy, M.A.; Madamopoulos, N.; Joyo, A.; Kouar, M.; Dorsinville, R. Tunable multi-wavelength SOA based linear cavity dual-output port fiber laser using Lyot-Sagnac loop mirror. Opt. Express 2011, 19, 3202–3211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, Z.; Wang, T.; Ma, W.; Jia, Q.; Su, Q.; Zhang, P. Optical Fiber Technology Tunable multiwavelength Brillouin-Raman fiber laser in a linear cavity with spectrum reshaped by Rayleigh scattering. Opt. Fiber Technol. 2017, 36, 327–333. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, J.; Tjin, S.C.; Ngo, N.Q. Multiwavelength Tunable Fiber Ring Laser Based on Sampled Chirp Fiber Bragg Grating. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2004, 16, 1026–1028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lopez-Dieguez, Y.; Estudillo-Ayala, J.M.; Jauregui-Vazquez, D.; Herrera-Piad, L.A.; Sierra-Hernandez, J.M.; Garcia-Mina, D.F.; Gallegos-Arellano, E.; Hernandez-Garcia, J.C.; Rojas-Laguna, R. Erbium Ring Fiber Laser Cavity Based on Tip Modal Interferometer and Its Tunable Multi-Wavelength Response for Refractive Index and Temperature. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081337
Lopez-Dieguez Y, Estudillo-Ayala JM, Jauregui-Vazquez D, Herrera-Piad LA, Sierra-Hernandez JM, Garcia-Mina DF, Gallegos-Arellano E, Hernandez-Garcia JC, Rojas-Laguna R. Erbium Ring Fiber Laser Cavity Based on Tip Modal Interferometer and Its Tunable Multi-Wavelength Response for Refractive Index and Temperature. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8(8):1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081337
Chicago/Turabian StyleLopez-Dieguez, Yanelis, Julian M. Estudillo-Ayala, Daniel Jauregui-Vazquez, Luis A. Herrera-Piad, Juan M. Sierra-Hernandez, Diego F. Garcia-Mina, Eloisa Gallegos-Arellano, Juan C. Hernandez-Garcia, and Roberto Rojas-Laguna. 2018. "Erbium Ring Fiber Laser Cavity Based on Tip Modal Interferometer and Its Tunable Multi-Wavelength Response for Refractive Index and Temperature" Applied Sciences 8, no. 8: 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081337