Geochronology and Geochemistry of Uraninite and Coffinite: Insights into Ore-Forming Process in the Pegmatite-Hosted Uraniferous Province, North Qinling, Central China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
3. Sampling and Analytical Methods
3.1. Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ID-TIMS)
3.2. Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA)
3.3. Chemical Age Dating
4. Occurrence of Uraninite and Coffinite
5. Results
5.1. Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ID-TIMS) Ages
5.2. Chemical Compositions of Uraninite and Coffinite
5.3. Chemical Ages
6. Discussion
6.1. Timing of the Uraninite (U) Mineralization
6.1.1. Evaluation of Radioactive Pb-Loss
6.1.2. Timing of Uraninite (U) Mineralizing Event
6.2. Significance of Composition and Comparison with Other Deposits
6.3. Episodic Hydrothermal Alterations of Uraninite
6.4. Uranium Circulation in the Uraniferous Province
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fraction | Weight (mg) | Concentrations | Isotopic Ratios | Apparent Age (Ma) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U (wt.%) | Pb (wt.%) | 206Pb/204Pb | Err (wt.%) | 206Pb/238U | Err (wt.%) | 207Pb/235U | Err (wt.%) | 207Pb/206Pb | Err (wt.%) | 206Pb/238U | ±1σ | 207Pb/235U | ±1σ | ||
CJZ-1-1 | 70 | 78.76 | 4.73 | 8073 | 0.04 | 0.06510 | 0.17 | 0.4933 | 0.17 | 0.0549 | 0.05 | 406.6 | 0.7 | 407.1 | 0.7 |
CJZ-1-2 | 70 | 82.26 | 4.89 | 46719 | 0.09 | 0.06478 | 0.42 | 0.4905 | 0.42 | 0.0549 | 0.02 | 404.6 | 1.7 | 405.2 | 1.7 |
CJZ-1-3 | 100 | 88.09 | 5.27 | 138375 | 0.17 | 0.06530 | 0.44 | 0.4944 | 0.44 | 0.0549 | 0.02 | 407.8 | 1.8 | 407.9 | 1.8 |
NO. | SiO2 | CaO | Al2O3 | FeO | MgO | Na2O | MnO | TiO2 | ThO2 | UO2 | PbO | Y2O3 | Ce2O3 | Total | Chemical Age (Ma) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chenjiazhuang biotite pegmatite (uraninite) | |||||||||||||||
1 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.54 | 86.73 | 4.68 | 0.99 | 0.13 | 95.53 | 388 |
2 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.55 | 86.25 | 4.56 | 0.97 | 0.11 | 94.91 | 380 |
3 | 0.83 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.43 | 83.60 | 4.63 | 0.98 | 0.11 | 93.20 | 398 |
4 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 2.63 | 88.43 | 4.54 | 0.51 | 0.14 | 96.65 | 370 |
5 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 2.74 | 86.62 | 4.33 | 1.20 | 0.23 | 95.88 | 360 |
6 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.73 | 85.72 | 4.85 | 1.07 | 0.20 | 95.22 | 406 |
7 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 2.33 | 87.43 | 4.77 | 0.74 | 0.18 | 95.97 | 392 |
8 | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.44 | 83.74 | 5.43 | 0.89 | 0.23 | 93.51 | 463 |
9 | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 2.42 | 84.42 | 5.42 | 0.87 | 0.13 | 93.95 | 458 |
10 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 2.32 | 83.62 | 5.65 | 1.03 | 0.30 | 93.92 | 482 |
11 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 3.43 | 83.62 | 4.72 | 1.01 | 0.17 | 93.35 | 404 |
12 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.65 | 85.32 | 4.72 | 0.88 | 0.10 | 94.38 | 397 |
13 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 2.64 | 83.64 | 4.82 | 0.80 | 0.26 | 93.46 | 413 |
14 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.85 | 82.88 | 4.74 | 0.90 | 0.26 | 93.02 | 410 |
15 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 2.85 | 84.65 | 4.84 | 0.92 | 0.16 | 94.26 | 410 |
16 | 0.73 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.75 | 83.63 | 4.89 | 1.06 | 0.26 | 93.04 | 419 |
17 | 0.54 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.72 | 87.25 | 4.84 | 1.02 | 0.17 | 96.14 | 398 |
18 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.86 | 83.32 | 4.82 | 1.19 | 0.35 | 93.46 | 414 |
19 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.98 | 86.72 | 4.55 | 0.67 | 0.13 | 95.44 | 377 |
20 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.24 | 84.42 | 4.72 | 0.80 | 0.14 | 94.03 | 400 |
21 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 2.78 | 84.53 | 4.85 | 0.62 | 0.20 | 93.69 | 411 |
22 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 2.82 | 87.02 | 4.46 | 0.70 | 0.16 | 95.46 | 369 |
23 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 2.54 | 86.72 | 4.63 | 0.97 | 0.10 | 95.20 | 384 |
24 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.02 | 85.70 | 4.66 | 0.78 | 0.20 | 94.72 | 390 |
25 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 2.72 | 87.62 | 4.73 | 0.73 | 0.19 | 96.51 | 388 |
26 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.82 | 88.01 | 4.62 | 0.60 | 0.10 | 96.49 | 377 |
27 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 2.54 | 85.65 | 4.54 | 0.96 | 0.10 | 94.39 | 381 |
28 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 2.75 | 84.65 | 4.78 | 0.85 | 0.22 | 94.31 | 405 |
29 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 2.72 | 86.53 | 4.86 | 1.04 | 0.24 | 95.82 | 403 |
30 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.82 | 87.66 | 4.64 | 0.89 | 0.13 | 96.57 | 381 |
31 | 0.05 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 2.62 | 85.62 | 4.80 | 0.96 | 0.22 | 94.86 | 402 |
32 | 0.02 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.58 | 86.42 | 4.77 | 0.85 | 0.24 | 95.40 | 396 |
33 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.82 | 85.82 | 4.55 | 0.94 | 0.25 | 94.86 | 381 |
34 | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 2.72 | 85.72 | 5.02 | 1.14 | 0.21 | 95.38 | 419 |
35 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.56 | 85.54 | 4.65 | 1.16 | 0.15 | 94.56 | 391 |
36 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2.63 | 85.75 | 5.12 | 0.96 | 0.05 | 95.16 | 427 |
37 | 0.58 | 0.37 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.41 | 84.96 | 4.72 | 0.97 | 0.15 | 94.31 | 399 |
38 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.79 | 85.54 | 5.06 | 0.96 | 0.18 | 95.34 | 423 |
39 | 0.55 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.54 | 82.67 | 4.65 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 93.15 | 402 |
40 | 0.75 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 3.43 | 82.64 | 4.73 | 0.86 | 0.10 | 93.36 | 409 |
41 | 0.80 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 2.82 | 85.94 | 5.04 | 0.87 | 0.16 | 96.34 | 420 |
42 | 0.67 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.99 | 84.62 | 4.83 | 0.86 | 0.19 | 94.75 | 409 |
Average | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2.75 | 85.41 | 4.79 | 0.90 | 0.18 | 94.76 | |
±1σ | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 1.53 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 1.09 | |
Chenjiazhuang biotite pegmatite (coffinite) | |||||||||||||||
1 | 7.74 | 3.06 | 0.29 | 1.12 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 1.46 | 75.45 | 0.07 | 1.16 | 0.36 | 91.08 | |
2 | 5.34 | 1.32 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 3.34 | 76.66 | 2.15 | 0.68 | 0.00 | 90.23 | |
Average | 6.54 | 2.19 | 0.46 | 0.70 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 2.40 | 76.06 | 1.11 | 0.92 | 0.18 | 90.66 | |
±1σ | 1.70 | 1.23 | 0.08 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 1.33 | 0.86 | 1.47 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.60 | |
Xiaohuacha biotite pegmatite (uraninite) | |||||||||||||||
1 | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.37 | 78.82 | 4.56 | 1.08 | 0.19 | 94.13 | 406 |
2 | 0.09 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 5.14 | 83.30 | 3.36 | 0.99 | 0.08 | 93.51 | 290 |
3 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 5.18 | 84.25 | 3.35 | 1.02 | 0.06 | 94.25 | 286 |
4 | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 5.01 | 84.95 | 4.77 | 0.88 | 0.18 | 96.34 | 399 |
5 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.95 | 80.78 | 5.69 | 1.05 | 0.09 | 92.84 | 496 |
6 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.13 | 81.88 | 5.07 | 1.02 | 0.38 | 94.07 | 438 |
7 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.68 | 80.57 | 4.85 | 1.09 | 0.13 | 93.85 | 424 |
8 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.30 | 85.00 | 3.57 | 0.87 | 0.18 | 94.07 | 302 |
9 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.69 | 87.77 | 4.76 | 0.63 | 0.15 | 97.27 | 389 |
10 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.51 | 86.14 | 4.84 | 0.81 | 0.15 | 95.75 | 402 |
11 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 4.20 | 86.76 | 4.91 | 0.72 | 0.16 | 97.23 | 404 |
12 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 4.15 | 86.47 | 5.10 | 0.70 | 0.19 | 96.86 | 421 |
13 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 5.39 | 84.38 | 4.79 | 1.45 | 0.17 | 96.50 | 403 |
14 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.57 | 80.80 | 4.03 | 1.04 | 0.18 | 91.92 | 355 |
15 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 4.62 | 80.70 | 6.39 | 0.72 | 0.20 | 93.14 | 555 |
16 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 5.38 | 83.78 | 4.35 | 0.99 | 0.10 | 95.07 | 370 |
17 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.46 | 81.92 | 4.66 | 0.68 | 0.22 | 92.87 | 406 |
Average | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 5.04 | 83.43 | 4.65 | 0.93 | 0.17 | 94.69 | |
±1σ | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.15 | 2.60 | 0.78 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 1.68 |
Chenjiazhuang Biotite Pegmatite | |||||||||||||
UO2 | ThO2 | PbO | SiO2 | CaO | FeO | Al2O3 | MgO | Na2O | MnO | TiO2 | Y2O3 | Ce2O3 | |
UO2 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
ThO2 | −0.20 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
PbO | −0.36 | −0.13 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
SiO2 | −0.69 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 1.00 | |||||||||
CaO | −0.39 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 1.00 | ||||||||
FeO | −0.41 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 1.00 | |||||||
Al2O3 | 0.02 | −0.12 | −0.03 | 0.02 | −0.09 | 0.06 | 1.00 | ||||||
MgO | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.22 | −0.40 | −0.26 | 0.12 | −0.08 | 1.00 | |||||
Na2O | 0.44 | 0.02 | 0.01 | −0.49 | −0.15 | −0.36 | −0.11 | 0.14 | 1.00 | ||||
MnO | 0.10 | −0.10 | 0.11 | −0.09 | −0.22 | 0.07 | 0.06 | −0.05 | 0.22 | 1.00 | |||
TiO2 | −0.13 | −0.07 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.17 | −0.18 | 0.00 | −0.18 | 0.04 | 1.00 | ||
Y2O3 | −0.18 | −0.26 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.27 | −0.01 | −0.10 | −0.12 | −0.25 | −0.14 | 0.15 | 1.00 | |
Ce2O3 | −0.25 | 0.09 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.08 | −0.15 | −0.08 | 0.05 | −0.03 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 1.00 |
Xiaohuacha Biotite Pegmatite | |||||||||||||
UO2 | ThO2 | PbO | SiO2 | CaO | FeO | Al2O3 | MgO | Na2O | MnO | TiO2 | Y2O3 | Ce2O3 | |
UO2 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
ThO2 | −0.71 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
PbO | −0.07 | −0.33 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
SiO2 | −0.28 | 0.32 | −0.47 | 1.00 | |||||||||
CaO | −0.25 | 0.12 | −0.11 | 0.58 | 1.00 | ||||||||
FeO | −0.58 | 0.51 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 1.00 | |||||||
Al2O3 | −0.29 | −0.09 | 0.71 | −0.34 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 1.00 | ||||||
MgO | −0.22 | 0.17 | −0.19 | 0.26 | −0.14 | 0.15 | −0.09 | 1.00 | |||||
Na2O | 0.29 | −0.14 | −0.11 | −0.05 | 0.05 | −0.06 | −0.29 | −0.21 | 1.00 | ||||
MnO | 0.40 | −0.07 | −0.20 | 0.07 | 0.01 | −0.13 | −0.34 | −0.03 | 0.67 | 1.00 | |||
TiO2 | −0.15 | 0.20 | 0.19 | −0.47 | −0.24 | 0.42 | −0.02 | 0.17 | 0.12 | −0.02 | 1.00 | ||
Y2O3 | −0.60 | 0.85 | −0.12 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.05 | −0.11 | −0.29 | −0.22 | 0.09 | 1.00 | |
Ce2O3 | −0.15 | −0.12 | 0.34 | 0.15 | −0.05 | −0.09 | 0.17 | 0.23 | −0.04 | −0.36 | 0.06 | −0.26 | 1.00 |
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Yuan, F.; Jiang, S.-Y.; Liu, J.; Zhang, S.; Xiao, Z.; Liu, G.; Hu, X. Geochronology and Geochemistry of Uraninite and Coffinite: Insights into Ore-Forming Process in the Pegmatite-Hosted Uraniferous Province, North Qinling, Central China. Minerals 2019, 9, 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090552
Yuan F, Jiang S-Y, Liu J, Zhang S, Xiao Z, Liu G, Hu X. Geochronology and Geochemistry of Uraninite and Coffinite: Insights into Ore-Forming Process in the Pegmatite-Hosted Uraniferous Province, North Qinling, Central China. Minerals. 2019; 9(9):552. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090552
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Feng, Shao-Yong Jiang, Jiajun Liu, Shuai Zhang, Zhibin Xiao, Gang Liu, and Xiaojia Hu. 2019. "Geochronology and Geochemistry of Uraninite and Coffinite: Insights into Ore-Forming Process in the Pegmatite-Hosted Uraniferous Province, North Qinling, Central China" Minerals 9, no. 9: 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090552