Crystals 2011, 1(3), 112-119; doi:10.3390/cryst1030112
Article

Phase and Texture of Solution-Processed Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films Investigated by Two-Dimensional Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction

Lulu Deng 1,* email, Kewei Wang 1 email, Cindy X. Zhao 1 email, Han Yan 1 email, James F. Britten 2 email and Gu Xu 1,* email
1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L7, Canada 2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4M1, Canada
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 28 June 2011; in revised form: 26 July 2011 / Accepted: 28 July 2011 / Published: 29 July 2011
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Abstract: The phase and texture of a newly developed solution-processed copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film have been investigated by two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The results show that it has β phase crystalline structure, with crystallinity greater than 80%. The average size of the crystallites is found to be about 24 nm. There are two different arrangements of crystallites, with one dominating the diffraction pattern. Both of them have preferred orientation along the thin film normal. Based on the similarities to the vacuum deposited CuPc thin films, the new solution processing method is verified to offer a good alternative to vacuum process, for the fabrication of low cost small molecule based organic photovoltaics.
Keywords: solution processing; copper phthalocyanine; grazing incidence X-ray diffraction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Deng, L.; Wang, K.; Zhao, C.X.; Yan, H.; Britten, J.F.; Xu, G. Phase and Texture of Solution-Processed Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films Investigated by Two-Dimensional Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction. Crystals 2011, 1, 112-119.

AMA Style

Deng L, Wang K, Zhao CX, Yan H, Britten JF, Xu G. Phase and Texture of Solution-Processed Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films Investigated by Two-Dimensional Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction. Crystals. 2011; 1(3):112-119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deng, Lulu; Wang, Kewei; Zhao, Cindy X.; Yan, Han; Britten, James F.; Xu, Gu. 2011. "Phase and Texture of Solution-Processed Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films Investigated by Two-Dimensional Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction." Crystals 1, no. 3: 112-119.

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