Cancers 2016, 8(9), 85; doi:10.3390/cancers8090085
Current Technologies and Recent Developments for Screening of HPV-Associated Cervical and Oropharyngeal Cancers
1
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
2
Bionics Innovation Center Nonprofit Ltd., 1088 Budapest, Hungary
3
Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
4
Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
5
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: W. Martin Kast
Received: 31 May 2016 / Revised: 23 August 2016 / Accepted: 30 August 2016 / Published: 9 September 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HPV Associated Cancers)
Abstract
Mucosal infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a growing number of malignancies, predominantly represented by cervical cancer and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Because of the prevalence of the virus, persistence of infection, and long latency period, novel and low-cost methods are needed for effective population level screening and monitoring. We review established methods for screening of cervical and oral cancer as well as commercially-available techniques for detection of HPV DNA. We then describe the ongoing development of microfluidic nucleic acid-based biosensors to evaluate circulating host microRNAs that are produced in response to an oncogenic HPV infection. The goal is to develop an ideal screening platform that is low-cost, portable, and easy to use, with appropriate signal stability, sensitivity and specificity. Advances in technologies for sample lysis, pre-treatment and concentration, and multiplexed nucleic acid detection are provided. Continued development of these devices provides opportunities for cancer screening in low resource settings, for point-of-care diagnostics and self-screening, and for monitoring response to vaccination or surgical treatment. View Full-TextKeywords:
human papillomavirus; cervical and oropharyngeal cancers; diagnostics; integrated platform; HPV DNA; E6/E7 genotypes; microRNA
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (CC BY 4.0).
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MDPI and ACS Style
Shah, S.S.; Senapati, S.; Klacsmann, F.; Miller, D.L.; Johnson, J.J.; Chang, H.-C.; Stack, M.S. Current Technologies and Recent Developments for Screening of HPV-Associated Cervical and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Cancers 2016, 8, 85.
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