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Toxins 2009, 1(1), 37-58; doi:10.3390/toxins1010037
Review
Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis
Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA/1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
Received: 11 August 2009; in revised form: 22 September 2009 / Accepted: 24 September 2009 / Published: 25 September 2009
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers)
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Abstract: Biosynthesis of the toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins (AFs) requires the activity of more than 27 enzymes. The roles in biosynthesis of newly described enzymes are discussed in this review. We suggest that HypC catalyzes the oxidation of norsolorinic acid anthrone; AvfA (AflI), the ring-closure step in formation of hydroxyversicolorone; HypB, the second oxidation step in conversion of O-methylsterigmatocystin to AF; and HypE and NorA (AflE), the final two steps in AFB1 formation. HypD, an integral membrane protein, affects fungal development and lowers AF production while AflJ (AflS), has a partial methyltransferase domain that may be important in its function as a transcriptional co-activator.
Keywords: biosynthesis; oxidation; enzymes; Aspergillus; secondary metabolism
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ehrlich, K.C. Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis. Toxins 2009, 1, 37-58.
AMA StyleEhrlich KC. Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis. Toxins. 2009; 1(1):37-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEhrlich, Kenneth C. 2009. "Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis." Toxins 1, no. 1: 37-58.